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~/attachments/fd9125a2-714a-4abb-b305-3e500bb69b40/

mkdir -p "/tmp/workspace/english-pdf-assignment/src" "/tmp/workspace/english-pdf-assignment/output" && python - <<'PY' from pypdf import PdfReader from pathlib import Path p=Path('/tmp/workspace/attachments/fd9125a2-714a-4abb-b305-3e500bb69b40/DOC-20261002-WA0023.pdf') r=PdfReader(str(p)) out=Path('/tmp/workspace/english-pdf-assignment/src/extracted.txt') parts=[] print('pages',len(r.pages)) for i,page in enumerate(r.pages,1): t=page.extract_text() or '' parts.append(f'\n\n===== PAGE {i} =====\n{t}') print(i, 'chars',len(t), repr(t[:250])) out.write_text(''.join(parts),encoding='utf-8') PY

python - <<'PY' import fitz from pathlib import Path p=Path('/tmp/workspace/attachments/fd9125a2-714a-4abb-b305-3e500bb69b40/DOC-20261002-WA0023.pdf') out=Path('/tmp/workspace/english-pdf-assignment/src/pages'); out.mkdir(exist_ok=True) doc=fitz.open(p) for i,page in enumerate(doc,1): pix=page.get_pixmap(matrix=fitz.Matrix(2.5,2.5), alpha=False) pix.save(str(out/f'page-{i}.png')) print(out/f'page-{i}.png', pix.width, pix.height) PY

python - <<'PY' import importlib.util for x in ['pymupdf','pdfium','pypdfium2','wand','PIL','ocrmypdf','easyocr']: print(x, importlib.util.find_spec(x)) PY

python - <<'PY' import pypdfium2 as pdfium from pathlib import Path p=Path('/tmp/workspace/attachments/fd9125a2-714a-4abb-b305-3e500bb69b40/DOC-20261002-WA0023.pdf') out=Path('/tmp/workspace/english-pdf-assignment/src/pages'); out.mkdir(exist_ok=True) pdf=pdfium.PdfDocument(str(p)) for i in range(len(pdf)): page=pdf[i] bitmap=page.render(scale=3.2) img=bitmap.to_pil() file=out/f'page-{i+1}.png' img.save(file) print(file, img.size) PY

python - <<'PY' from PIL import Image from pathlib import Path src=Path('/tmp/workspace/english-pdf-assignment/src/pages'); out=Path('/tmp/workspace/english-pdf-assignment/src/preview'); out.mkdir(exist_ok=True) for f in src.glob('*.png'): im=Image.open(f); im.thumbnail((900,1200)); im.save(out/f.name, optimize=True) print(f.name, (out/f.name).stat().st_size, im.size) import importlib.util print('pytesseract', importlib.util.find_spec('pytesseract')) PY

python - <<'PY' from PIL import Image from pathlib import Path src=Path('/tmp/workspace/english-pdf-assignment/src/pages'); out=Path('/tmp/workspace/english-pdf-assignment/src/preview-small'); out.mkdir(exist_ok=True) for f in sorted(src.glob('*.png')): im=Image.open(f); im.thumbnail((550,750)); im.convert('RGB').save(out/(f.stem+'.jpg'),quality=60,optimize=True) print(out/(f.stem+'.jpg'), (out/(f.stem+'.jpg')).stat().st_size) PY

python -m pip install --user rapidocr_onnxruntime

mkdir -p "/tmp/workspace/english-pdf-assignment/src/vendor" && python -m pip install --target "/tmp/workspace/english-pdf-assignment/src/vendor" rapidocr_onnxruntime

PYTHONPATH="/tmp/workspace/english-pdf-assignment/src/vendor:$PYTHONPATH" python - <<'PY' from rapidocr_onnxruntime import RapidOCR from pathlib import Path ocr=RapidOCR() folder=Path('/tmp/workspace/english-pdf-assignment/src/pages') out=Path('/tmp/workspace/english-pdf-assignment/src/ocr.txt') all=[] for f in sorted(folder.glob('*.png')): print('OCR',f.name) result, elapse = ocr(str(f)) all.append(f'\n\n===== {f.name} =====\n') if result: for line in result: all.append(line[1]) all.append('\n') print('lines',len(result or []), 'sec',elapse) out.write_text(''.join(all),encoding='utf-8') PY

python - <<'PY' from docx import Document from docx.shared import Pt, Inches, RGBColor from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH from docx.enum.table import WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT, WD_CELL_VERTICAL_ALIGNMENT from docx.oxml import OxmlElement from docx.oxml.ns import qn from pathlib import Path base=Path('/tmp/workspace/english-pdf-assignment'); out=base/'output'/'Leo_and_Lily_Answers_Russian.docx' doc=Document(); sec=doc.sections[0]; sec.top_margin=Inches(.65);sec.bottom_margin=Inches(.65);sec.left_margin=Inches(.7);sec.right_margin=Inches(.7) style=doc.styles['Normal'];style.font.name='Arial';style._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'),'Arial');style.font.size=Pt(10) for h,size,col in [('Title',20,'1F4E79'),('Heading 1',15,'1F4E79'),('Heading 2',12,'2F75B5')]: s=doc.styles[h];s.font.name='Arial';s.font.size=Pt(size);s.font.color.rgb=RGBColor.from_string(col) def shade(cell, fill): tcPr=cell._tc.get_or_add_tcPr(); shd=OxmlElement('w:shd');shd.set(qn('w:fill'),fill);tcPr.append(shd) def table(headers, rows, widths=None): t=doc.add_table(rows=1, cols=len(headers));t.style='Table Grid';t.alignment=WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTER for i,x in enumerate(headers): c=t.rows[0].cells[i];c.text=x;shade(c,'D9EAF7');c.vertical_alignment=WD_CELL_VERTICAL_ALIGNMENT.CENTER for r in c.paragraphs[0].runs:r.bold=True for row in rows: cells=t.add_row().cells for i,x in enumerate(row):cells[i].text=x if widths: for row in t.rows: for c,w in zip(row.cells,widths):c.width=Inches(w) return t p=doc.add_paragraph();p.alignment=WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER;r=p.add_run('Leo and Lily’s Adventure');r.bold=True;r.font.size=Pt(20);r.font.color.rgb=RGBColor(31,78,121) p=doc.add_paragraph();p.alignment=WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER;p.add_run('Answers, vocabulary, Russian translation, and grammar practice').italic=True doc.add_heading('1. Vocabulary: English meaning and Russian translation',1) vocab=[ ('garden','an area of land where flowers, vegetables, or plants grow','сад'),('forest','a large area covered with trees','лес'),('nervous','worried or easily frightened','нервный; тревожный'),('friendly','kind and pleasant to other people or animals','дружелюбный'),('hop','to move by making small jumps','прыгать; скакать'),('worms','small, long animals that live in soil','черви'),('nuts','hard fruits with an edible seed inside','орехи'),('berries','small, round, juicy fruits','ягоды'),('clever','quick to learn, understand, or solve problems','умный; сообразительный'),('brave','able to face danger or fear','храбрый; смелый'),('hunt','to look for and catch an animal','охотиться'),('escape','to get away from danger or from someone','убежать; спастись'),('creep','to move very slowly and quietly','красться'),('chase','to run or go after someone/something to catch it','преследовать; гнаться'),('scared','afraid','испуганный'),('hungry','wanting or needing food','голодный'),('fight','to try to hurt or defeat someone/something','драться; бороться'),('peck','to hit or pick at something with a bird’s beak','клевать'),('pinecone','the hard, woody cone of a pine tree','сосновая шишка'),('squawk','to make a loud, harsh sound like a bird','кричать; пронзительно каркать'),('wings','the parts of a bird’s body used for flying','крылья'),('carry','to hold and take someone/something from one place to another','нести; переносить'),('hardly ever','almost never; very rarely','почти никогда; очень редко')] table(['Word / phrase','Meaning in English','Russian translation'],vocab,[1.2,3.7,2.0]) doc.add_heading('2. Russian translation of the story',1) paras=[ ('Leo and Lily live in a big garden near a forest. Lily is red and yellow. She’s friendly, but she is usually very nervous. Lily flies from tree to tree in the garden, and she hops in the grass. She eats worms, nuts, and berries. Leo is black and white. He is very fast and very clever. He’s brave, too. He climbs trees in the garden, and he hunts for mice ... and birds! Leo sometimes tries to catch Lily, but Lily always escapes. Leo can run fast, but Lily can fly. This makes Leo angry!','Лео и Лили живут в большом саду возле леса. Лили красно-жёлтая. Она дружелюбная, но обычно очень нервная. Лили перелетает с дерева на дерево в саду и прыгает по траве. Она ест червей, орехи и ягоды. Лео чёрно-белый. Он очень быстрый и очень умный. Он также храбрый. Он лазает по деревьям в саду и охотится на мышей... и птиц! Лео иногда пытается поймать Лили, но Лили всегда убегает. Лео умеет быстро бегать, а Лили умеет летать. Это злит Лео!'), ('One day, Leo sees Lily in the garden. Leo wants to catch Lily. He creeps through the garden very slowly and quietly. But Lily sees Leo, and she flies away into the forest. Leo chases Lily. Lily flies and flies, and Leo runs and runs. Soon they are a long way from the garden, and they don’t know the way home. It’s dark in the forest. Leo and Lily are scared.','Однажды Лео видит Лили в саду. Лео хочет поймать Лили. Он очень медленно и тихо крадётся по саду. Но Лили замечает Лео и улетает в лес. Лео гонится за Лили. Лили летит и летит, а Лео бежит и бежит. Вскоре они оказываются далеко от сада и не знают дороги домой. В лесу темно. Лео и Лили испуганы.'), ('Leo and Lily hear a noise. It’s a fox! The fox is hungry. It wants some dinner. It wants to eat Leo! Leo tries to fight the fox, but the fox is very big. Lily is in a tree. She pecks a pinecone. The pinecone falls and hits the fox on the head! Leo escapes and climbs up the tree. The fox is angry. It can’t climb trees.','Лео и Лили слышат шум. Это лиса! Лиса голодна. Она хочет поужинать. Она хочет съесть Лео! Лео пытается бороться с лисой, но лиса очень большая. Лили сидит на дереве. Она клюёт сосновую шишку. Шишка падает и ударяет лису по голове! Лео спасается и забирается на дерево. Лиса сердится. Она не умеет лазать по деревьям.'), ('Leo and Lily wait in the tree for a long time. At last, the fox goes away. Leo and Lily are safe, but they want to go home now. Lily flies up very high. She sees the garden! She squawks happily. Lily shows Leo the way home. But Lily is small and her wings are tired. She sits on Leo’s back, and Leo carries Lily home. Leo and Lily are safe at home in their garden again. They’re friends now. Lily flies around the garden, and Leo never tries to catch her ... Well, hardly ever!','Лео и Лили долго ждут на дереве. Наконец лиса уходит. Лео и Лили в безопасности, но теперь они хотят домой. Лили очень высоко взлетает. Она видит сад! Она радостно кричит. Лили показывает Лео дорогу домой. Но Лили маленькая, и её крылья устали. Она садится Лео на спину, и Лео несёт Лили домой. Лео и Лили снова в безопасности дома, в своём саду. Теперь они друзья. Лили летает по саду, и Лео никогда не пытается её поймать... Ну, почти никогда!')] for en,ru in paras: p=doc.add_paragraph();p.add_run('English: ').bold=True;p.add_run(en) p=doc.add_paragraph();p.add_run('Русский: ').bold=True;p.add_run(ru) doc.add_heading('3. Comprehension and speaking answers',1) doc.add_heading('A. What do you like about the text?',2) doc.add_paragraph('✓ My favourite part is how Leo escapes from the fox. Lily pecks the pinecone, it falls on the fox’s head, and Leo climbs into the tree. It is funny and shows that Lily helps Leo.') doc.add_heading('B. Compare and contrast Leo and Lily',2) table(['Leo','Both','Lily'],[('clever; can run','scared','can fly; friendly')],[2.2,2.2,2.2]) doc.add_heading('C. Number the events in the correct order',2) ordered=[('6','Leo carries Lily home.'),('1','Leo chases Lily.'),('3','Leo tries to fight the fox.'),('2','Leo and Lily are lost.'),('4','Leo and Lily wait in a tree.'),('5','Lily shows Leo the way home.')] table(['Order','Event'],ordered,[.8,5.8]) doc.add_heading('D. Think: sample individual answers',2) doc.add_paragraph('1. Which animals can be pets? Dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, fish, and some birds can be pets. They need food, water, a safe home, and kind care.') doc.add_paragraph('2. Can animals help each other? Yes. In the story, Lily helps Leo escape from the fox and helps him find the way home. Leo carries Lily because her wings are tired.') doc.add_heading('4. Grammar: Adverbs of Frequency',1) doc.add_paragraph('Adverbs of frequency tell us how often an action happens. The usual order from most often to least often is: always (100%), usually, sometimes, hardly ever, never (0%).') table(['Adverb','Meaning','Example from the story'],[('always','every time','Lily always escapes.'),('usually','most times','Lily is usually very nervous.'),('sometimes','on some occasions','Leo sometimes tries to catch Lily.'),('hardly ever','almost never','Leo hardly ever tries to catch Lily now.'),('never','at no time','Leo and Lily never fight now.')],[1.2,2.2,3.2]) doc.add_paragraph('Word order: put the adverb before the main verb: “I usually walk.” Put it after the verb be: “She is usually happy.” In negative sentences, use “doesn’t/does not” before the main verb: “He does not usually run.”') doc.add_heading('Extra examples in sentences',2) examples=[('always','I always brush my teeth before bed.','Я всегда чищу зубы перед сном.'),('usually','My family usually eats dinner at seven.','Моя семья обычно ужинает в семь.'),('sometimes','We sometimes play football after school.','Мы иногда играем в футбол после школы.'),('hardly ever','My brother hardly ever watches TV in the morning.','Мой брат почти никогда не смотрит телевизор утром.'),('never','A fish never climbs a tree.','Рыба никогда не лазает по дереву.'),('be + usually','She is usually early for class.','Она обычно приходит на урок рано.')] table(['Adverb','English example','Russian translation'],examples,[1.2,3.5,2.0]) doc.add_heading('5. Partner practice: completed model answers',1) doc.add_paragraph('Use these as examples. Replace the activities with true information about you and your partner.') table(['Me','Partner'],[('I always do my homework after school.','He always does his homework after school.'),('I usually read before bed.','She usually reads before bed.'),('I sometimes play games at the weekend.','He sometimes plays games at the weekend.'),('I hardly ever eat fast food.','She hardly ever eats fast food.'),('I never go to bed very late on school nights.','He never goes to bed very late on school nights.')],[3.4,3.4]) doc.add_paragraph('Report to the class: “My partner usually reads before bed. She sometimes plays games at the weekend, but she never goes to bed very late on school nights.”') # footer for section in doc.sections: footer=section.footer.paragraphs[0];footer.alignment=WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER;footer.add_run('Leo and Lily’s Adventure | Bilingual study answers') doc.save(out) print(out, out.stat().st_size) PY python - <<'PY' from docx import Document p='/tmp/workspace/english-pdf-assignment/output/Leo_and_Lily_Answers_Russian.docx' d=Document(p) print('paragraphs',len(d.paragraphs),'tables',len(d.tables)) print(d.paragraphs[0].text) PY

~/

~/attachments/fd9125a2-714a-4abb-b305-3e500bb69b40/

mkdir -p "/tmp/workspace/past-modals-handbook/src" "/tmp/workspace/past-modals-handbook/output" && python - <<'PY' from pypdf import PdfReader from pathlib import Path p=Path('/tmp/workspace/attachments/fd9125a2-714a-4abb-b305-3e500bb69b40/DOC-20261002-WA0027.pdf') r=PdfReader(str(p));print('PAGES',len(r.pages)) for i,pg in enumerate(r.pages,1): print(i, len(pg.extract_text() or '')) PY

python - <<'PY' from pypdf import PdfReader from pathlib import Path p=Path('/tmp/workspace/attachments/fd9125a2-714a-4abb-b305-3e500bb69b40/DOC-20261002-WA0027.pdf') r=PdfReader(str(p));out=Path('/tmp/workspace/past-modals-handbook/src/extracted.txt') out.write_text('\n\n'.join(f'=== PAGE {i} ===\n{pg.extract_text() or ""}' for i,pg in enumerate(r.pages,1)),encoding='utf-8') print(out) PY

python - <<'PY' import pypdfium2 as pdfium from pathlib import Path from PIL import Image p=Path('/tmp/workspace/attachments/fd9125a2-714a-4abb-b305-3e500bb69b40/DOC-20261002-WA0027.pdf'); out=Path('/tmp/workspace/past-modals-handbook/src/rendered');out.mkdir(exist_ok=True) pdf=pdfium.PdfDocument(str(p)) for i in range(len(pdf)): im=pdf[i].render(scale=1.2).to_pil(); f=out/f'page-{i+1}.jpg';im.convert('RGB').save(f,quality=82);print(f,im.size) PY

python - <<'PY' from PIL import Image from pathlib import Path p=Path('/tmp/workspace/past-modals-handbook/src/rendered/page-2.jpg'); im=Image.open(p); im.thumbnail((600,850)); im.save('/tmp/workspace/past-modals-handbook/src/page2-small.jpg',quality=45,optimize=True);print(Path('/tmp/workspace/past-modals-handbook/src/page2-small.jpg').stat().st_size) PY

fc-list | head -5 && cat > "/tmp/workspace/past-modals-handbook/src/create_handbook.py" <<'PY' from reportlab.lib import colors from reportlab.lib.colors import HexColor from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4 from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT from reportlab.lib.units import cm from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle, PageBreak, KeepTogether from reportlab.pdfbase import pdfmetrics from reportlab.pdfbase.ttfonts import TTFont from reportlab.lib import utils from pathlib import Path BASE=Path('/tmp/workspace/past-modals-handbook'); OUT=BASE/'output'/'Past_Modals_Sports_Bilingual_Handbook.pdf' pdfmetrics.registerFont(TTFont('DejaVu','/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf')) pdfmetrics.registerFont(TTFont('DejaVu-Bold','/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans-Bold.ttf')) navy=HexColor('#17365D'); teal=HexColor('#0E7490'); mint=HexColor('#DDF5F0'); yellow=HexColor('#FFF3B0'); coral=HexColor('#FADBD8'); blue=HexColor('#E8F1FB'); purple=HexColor('#EEE8FF'); gray=HexColor('#43515C') styles=getSampleStyleSheet() styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='CoverTitle',fontName='DejaVu-Bold',fontSize=27,leading=33,textColor=navy,alignment=TA_CENTER,spaceAfter=12)) styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='CoverSub',fontName='DejaVu',fontSize=13,leading=19,textColor=gray,alignment=TA_CENTER)) styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='H1x',fontName='DejaVu-Bold',fontSize=18,leading=22,textColor=navy,spaceBefore=8,spaceAfter=9)) styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='H2x',fontName='DejaVu-Bold',fontSize=13,leading=17,textColor=teal,spaceBefore=9,spaceAfter=5)) styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='Bodyx',fontName='DejaVu',fontSize=9.4,leading=13,textColor=HexColor('#1F2937'),spaceAfter=5)) styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='Small',fontName='DejaVu',fontSize=7.5,leading=10,textColor=HexColor('#1F2937'))) styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='Tiny',fontName='DejaVu',fontSize=6.8,leading=8.5,textColor=HexColor('#1F2937'))) styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='Callout',fontName='DejaVu',fontSize=9.5,leading=14,textColor=navy,backColor=yellow,borderColor=HexColor('#E0B83B'),borderWidth=.6,borderPadding=7,spaceBefore=5,spaceAfter=8)) def P(x, sty='Bodyx'): return Paragraph(x, styles[sty]) def table(data,widths, header=True, font=7.5): rows=[] for row in data: rows.append([P(str(x),'Small' if font>=7.5 else 'Tiny') for x in row]) t=Table(rows,colWidths=widths,repeatRows=1 if header else 0,hAlign='LEFT') cmds=[('VALIGN',(0,0),(-1,-1),'TOP'),('GRID',(0,0),(-1,-1),.35,HexColor('#B7C9D6')),('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5),('RIGHTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5),('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4),('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4)] if header: cmds += [('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,0),navy),('TEXTCOLOR',(0,0),(-1,0),colors.white),('FONTNAME',(0,0),(-1,0),'DejaVu-Bold')] for i in range(1,len(rows)): if i%2==0: cmds.append(('BACKGROUND',(0,i),(-1,i),HexColor('#F7FAFC'))) t.setStyle(TableStyle(cmds));return t def banner(title, subtitle=None): items=[P(title,'H1x')] if subtitle: items.append(P(subtitle,'Bodyx')) return items def footer(canvas, doc): canvas.saveState(); canvas.setStrokeColor(HexColor('#A5C8D8'));canvas.line(1.5*cm,1.22*cm,19.5*cm,1.22*cm) canvas.setFont('DejaVu',7);canvas.setFillColor(gray);canvas.drawString(1.5*cm,.8*cm,'Past Modals & Sport | English-Russian Handbook') canvas.drawRightString(19.5*cm,.8*cm,f'Page {doc.page}') canvas.restoreState() story=[] story += [Spacer(1,2.0*cm),P('SPORT TALK', 'CoverTitle'),P('Past Modals & Sports Vocabulary','CoverTitle'),Spacer(1,.3*cm),P('A colourful English-Russian handbook based on “You should’ve been there”','CoverSub'),Spacer(1,.8*cm),P('<b>Inside:</b> sport vocabulary with meanings and Russian translations • three daily-life examples for every word • past modals • B2+ picture description • worked exercise answers','CoverSub'),Spacer(1,1.0*cm)] cover=Table([[P('<b>Learn</b><br/>Understand sports language in context.', 'Callout'),P('<b>Practise</b><br/>Use grammar accurately when talking about the past.', 'Callout'),P('<b>Speak</b><br/>Build a confident B2+ description.', 'Callout')]],colWidths=[6*cm]*3) cover.setStyle(TableStyle([('VALIGN',(0,0),(-1,-1),'TOP'),('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(0,0),mint),('BACKGROUND',(1,0),(1,0),blue),('BACKGROUND',(2,0),(2,0),purple),('BOX',(0,0),(-1,-1),.5,HexColor('#BCD3DF')),('INNERGRID',(0,0),(-1,-1),.5,colors.white),('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),8),('RIGHTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),8),('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),8),('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),8)]));story += [cover,PageBreak()] story += banner('1. Sport vocabulary', 'Meanings are in English first. Russian translations appear immediately below them. Each item has three short daily-life practice examples.') vocab=[ ('shot','an attempt to hit or throw a ball towards a target','удар; бросок','I took a shot of the sunset.','He took a shot at the basket.','Give the new recipe a shot.'), ('hole in one','in golf, getting the ball into the hole with one stroke','попадание в лунку с одного удара','She got a hole in one at mini-golf.','A hole in one is very rare.','He dreamed of a hole in one.'), ('track','a course or path used for racing','гоночная трасса; трек','We ran around the school track.','The cars returned to the track.','Keep track of your spending.'), ('overtake','to pass a vehicle or person moving in the same direction','обгонять','Do not overtake near a crossing.','The cyclist overtook me safely.','Her results overtook mine this term.'), ('corner','a curved part of a racing track; also the place where two lines meet','поворот','Slow down before the corner.','The shop is on the corner.','Turn the corner carefully.'), ('score','to win a point or goal','забить; набрать очки','Our team scored twice.','I scored 90% in the test.','Can you score a table for dinner?'), ('bar / post','the horizontal / vertical parts of a football goal','перекладина / штанга','The ball hit the bar.','The post needs painting.','He posted the photo online.'), ('time-out','a short official pause in a game','тайм-аут; перерыв','The coach called a time-out.','Let’s take a time-out and calm down.','I need a short time-out from my screen.'), ('tactics','carefully planned actions used to achieve an aim','тактика; стратегия','Their tactics worked well.','We discussed tactics before the meeting.','Her tactic was to arrive early.'), ('promoted','moved to a higher position, level, or division','повышенный; переведённый выше','She was promoted at work.','The club was promoted to the top division.','He was promoted to a higher class.'), ('double fault','in tennis, two unsuccessful serves in a row','двойная ошибка при подаче','She made a double fault.','One double fault changed the match.','I made a double mistake in the form.'), ('tackled','stopped a player by taking the ball or bringing the player down','отобрал мяч; сделал подкат','He was tackled before he could shoot.','The defender tackled the striker.','We tackled the difficult problem together.'), ('substitute','a person who replaces another person','замена; запасной игрок','A substitute joined the lesson.','The coach sent on a substitute.','Use yogurt as a substitute for cream.'), ('injured','hurt physically','травмированный; получивший травму','She injured her ankle running.','The injured player left the field.','Call a doctor if you are injured.'), ('red card','a card that sends a player off for a serious rule break','красная карточка','He got a red card for a bad tackle.','A red card changes the game.','The teacher gave him a “red card” warning.'), ('in a row','one after another, without a break','подряд','I won three games in a row.','It rained for five days in a row.','She read two books in a row.'), ('sacked','dismissed from a job','уволенный','The coach was sacked after the season.','He was sacked for being late repeatedly.','The manager sacked two staff members.'), ('coach','a person who trains and advises a team or athlete','тренер','My coach encourages the team.','She asked a coach for advice.','A language coach can help pronunciation.'), ('fixed','arranged dishonestly before an event happens','подстроенный; сфальсифицированный','They suspected the match was fixed.','A fixed price cannot change.','The technician fixed my laptop.'), ('judge','a person who officially decides the result or gives scores','судья','The judges gave her high scores.','A judge decides a court case.','Do not judge people too quickly.')] # split vocab across pages for readability for idx in range(0,len(vocab),5): data=[['Vocabulary','Meaning in English<br/><font color="#0E7490">Русский перевод</font>','Three daily-life examples']] for w,meaning,ru,*ex in vocab[idx:idx+5]: data.append([f'<b>{w}</b>',f'{meaning}<br/><font color="#0E7490"><b>{ru}</b></font>','<br/>'.join('• '+e for e in ex)]) story.append(table(data,[3.15*cm,6.15*cm,8.45*cm],font=6.8));story.append(Spacer(1,.35*cm)) if idx+5<len(vocab): story.append(PageBreak()) story += [PageBreak()] story += banner('2. Past modals', 'Form: <b>modal + have + past participle</b>. Use them to look back on a past situation, express regret, criticism, ability, or an imagined result.') modaldata=[['Structure','Specific use','Example','Russian meaning'], ['should have + V3','A good idea in the past that did not happen. Use for regret or advice after the event.','I should have revised before the exam.','Мне следовало повторить материал перед экзаменом.'], ['shouldn’t have + V3','Something happened, but it was a mistake. Use for criticism or regret.','You shouldn’t have shared that photo.','Тебе не следовало публиковать то фото.'], ['could have + V3','A possibility or ability in the past that was not used.','We could have caught the earlier train.','Мы могли бы успеть на более ранний поезд.'], ['couldn’t have + V3','Something was impossible in the past, often because there was not enough time, information, or ability.','I couldn’t have finished without your help.','Я не смог бы закончить без твоей помощи.'], ['would have + V3','The imagined result of a different past condition. Often follows <i>if</i> + past perfect.','If I had trained, I would have won.','Если бы я тренировался, я бы выиграл.'], ['wouldn’t have + V3','A negative imagined result that did not happen.','If you had called, I wouldn’t have worried.','Если бы ты позвонил, я бы не волновался.']] story += [table(modaldata,[3.2*cm,5.2*cm,5.0*cm,4.35*cm]),Spacer(1,.25*cm),P('<b>Important word order:</b> I <b>should have gone</b>. She <b>couldn’t have known</b>. We <b>would have stayed</b> if the weather had been better. Never use “should had” or “would had”.','Callout')] story += banner('When to use each past modal') when=[['Situation','Best form','Model sentence'],['You regret an action you did not take.','should have','I should have saved more money.'],['You criticise a completed action.','shouldn’t have','He shouldn’t have shouted at the referee.'],['You missed a real opportunity.','could have','She could have applied for the course.'],['You imagine a past result after a condition.','would have','If they had practised, they would have played better.'],['You say a result was impossible.','couldn’t have','I couldn’t have done it alone.']] story += [table(when,[5.3*cm,3.3*cm,9.15*cm]),Spacer(1,.25*cm),P('<b>Contrast:</b> “I could have bought a better car” = it was possible, but I did not do it. “I would have bought a better car if I had had more money” = the result depended on a condition.','Callout')] story += [PageBreak()] story += banner('3. Extra past-modal examples', 'Use these models to speak about sport, school, travel, relationships, and everyday decisions.') examples=[['Past modal','Sport / study / daily-life example','Russian translation'], ['should have','The driver should have slowed down before the corner.','Водителю следовало замедлиться перед поворотом.'],['shouldn’t have','I shouldn’t have stayed up so late before work.','Мне не следовало так поздно ложиться перед работой.'],['could have','You could have asked the coach for help.','Ты мог попросить тренера о помощи.'],['couldn’t have','They couldn’t have reached the airport on time in that traffic.','Они не могли бы вовремя добраться до аэропорта в таких пробках.'],['would have','I would have joined you if you had invited me.','Я бы присоединился к вам, если бы вы меня пригласили.'],['wouldn’t have','She wouldn’t have got injured if she had worn safer shoes.','Она не получила бы травму, если бы надела более безопасную обувь.'],['should have','We should have taken a time-out before making that decision.','Нам следовало сделать паузу перед тем, как принять это решение.'],['could have','The team could have scored if the striker had passed the ball.','Команда могла бы забить, если бы нападающий отдал пас.']] story += [table(examples,[3.2*cm,8.8*cm,5.75*cm]),Spacer(1,.35*cm),P('<b>Speaking tip:</b> Start with the fact, then give your reflection: “I missed the bus because I left late. I should have checked the timetable.”','Callout')] story += banner('4. B2+ picture description practice', 'The page is captioned <i>“Quidditch match, Nantes, France.”</i> Use the structure below as a high-level speaking model.') desc='''The photograph appears to show an outdoor quidditch match in Nantes, France. Several players seem to be moving quickly across a grassy field, possibly trying to <b>score</b> while their opponents attempt to <b>tackle</b> them. The scene looks energetic and competitive, and the teams may be using different <b>tactics</b> to create space and protect their goalposts. One player might be acting as a <b>substitute</b>, waiting for an opportunity to come on, while a coach or a judge could be observing the action from the side.\n<br/><br/>What stands out to me is that quidditch is a relatively unusual sport, yet it still involves familiar sporting ideas: teamwork, rules, fitness, and fair play. The players probably need to avoid becoming <b>injured</b>, especially when the game becomes fast and physical. The match does not look <b>fixed</b>; instead, it seems to depend on effort, communication, and quick decisions. If a team had used better tactics, it <b>could have scored</b> more easily. Conversely, a player <b>shouldn’t have</b> made a reckless tackle because they might have received a <b>red card</b>. Overall, the image conveys excitement, concentration, and the social side of sport.''' story += [P(desc,'Bodyx'),Spacer(1,.2*cm),P('<b>Useful B2+ phrases:</b> “The photograph appears to show...” • “In the foreground/background...” • “What stands out to me is...” • “It may suggest that...” • “Overall, the image conveys...”','Callout')] story += [PageBreak()] story += banner('5. Worked answers to the exercises', 'Open-ended speaking tasks have model individual answers. They are not the only possible correct answers.') story += [P('<b>Exercise 1 - Speaking: model individual answers</b>','H2x'),P('1. My cousin is a big football fan. He follows his local team, watches most matches, knows the players’ names, and wears the team shirt on match days.<br/>2. In my country, football, hockey, volleyball, and tennis are popular because they are exciting to watch and easy to play at school. I particularly enjoy tennis because it combines fitness and concentration.<br/>3. I think football is the most popular sport in the world. Cricket, basketball, tennis, and athletics are also watched by huge audiences because international events bring people together.','Bodyx')] story += [P('<b>Exercise 2 - Identify the sports</b>','H2x')] e2=[['No.','Likely sport','Reason'],['1','Golf','A hole in one is a golf expression.'],['2','Motor racing','A driver can overtake on a corner and lose control of a car.'],['3','Football','A team can hit the bar or a post and score.'],['4','Basketball','Teams call time-outs to discuss tactics.'],['5','Football','Teams can be promoted to the top division.'],['6','Tennis','A double fault happens during a tennis serve.'],['7','Football / hockey','A player can be tackled before shooting.'],['8','Football','A player can run from the halfway line to score.'],['9','Many team sports','A substitute replaces an injured player.'],['10','Football / rugby','A bad tackle may lead to a red card.'],['11','Tennis','Players can lose first-round matches and sack a coach.'],['12','Boxing','Judges decide bouts; a fight may be fixed.']] story += [table(e2,[1*cm,4.1*cm,12.65*cm]),Spacer(1,.2*cm)] story += [P('<b>Exercise 3 - Other uses</b>','H2x'),P('• <b>Fixed:</b> The election result was fixed before people voted. <br/>• <b>Promoted:</b> My colleague was promoted to team leader. <br/>• <b>Tactics:</b> We need better tactics for preparing for exams. <br/>• <b>Coach:</b> A career coach can help people prepare for interviews. <br/>• <b>In a row:</b> I had three busy days in a row.','Bodyx')] story += [P('<b>Exercise 4 - Model individual answers</b>','H2x'),P('1. Our local basketball team was promoted to a higher division last year. <br/>2. I have not seen a competition that was clearly fixed, but people sometimes suspect this when judges make strange decisions. <br/>3. A referee may make an unpopular decision when they give a red card after a dangerous tackle. <br/>4. I have played as a substitute, and I have also missed a shot when I was under pressure.','Bodyx')] story += [PageBreak()] story += banner('5. Worked answers, continued') story += [P('<b>Exercise 5 - Four benefits of doing or watching sport</b>','H2x'),P('1. Sport keeps people physically fit and can improve mood. <br/>2. It teaches resilience because people learn to cope with losing and disappointment. <br/>3. Team sports build relationships and teach people to support one another. <br/>4. Sports clubs can give young people purposeful activities, teach rules, and help keep them out of trouble.','Bodyx')] story += [P('<b>Exercise 7 - Statements the writer would agree with</b>','H2x'),P('The writer would agree with <b>1</b>, <b>5</b>, and <b>7</b>:<br/>1. Exercise and fitness can make people happier. <br/>5. Sport can provide a solution to boredom and keep young people out of trouble. <br/>7. Seeing great sports people in action is uplifting. <br/><br/>The writer would disagree with 2, 3, 4, and 6. He supports competitive sport, says reading has benefits, believes winning is not the only point, and argues that cheating damages sport.','Bodyx')] story += [P('<b>Exercise 8 - Model opinion</b>','H2x'),P('I strongly agree that sport can help people become more positive, provided that it is inclusive and enjoyable. I also agree that clubs can keep young people out of trouble because they create routine and friendship. I disagree that winning is the most important thing: learning, health, and fair play matter just as much. I agree with the article that people should find their own level and enjoy their own performance. I also agree that rules matter, because a game is not enjoyable when people cheat.','Bodyx')] story += [P('<b>Exercise 9 - Grammar rules</b>','H2x'),P('1. <b>should have</b> + past participle<br/>2. <b>shouldn’t have</b> + past participle<br/>3. <b>would have</b> + past participle<br/>4. <b>could have</b> + past participle','Bodyx')] story += [P('<b>Exercise 10 - Complete the sentences</b>','H2x')] e10=[['No.','Completed answer'],['1','It was a close game. We <b>couldn’t have tried</b> any harder and there’s no shame in losing to such a good team, but I still think we <b>should have drawn</b> with them.'],['2','I don’t know what I was thinking! I <b>should never have studied</b> Art. Something like History <b>would have been</b> much better for me.'],['3','She <b>should have thought</b> before using social media like that. All the trouble she then got into <b>could have been</b> avoided.']] story += [table(e10,[1*cm,16.75*cm]),Spacer(1,.2*cm)] story += [P('<b>Exercise 11 - Model mini-talk</b>','H2x'),P('Last year I played in a school match and made a poor decision. I tried to overtake a defender instead of passing the ball. I shouldn’t have tried to do everything alone. We could have scored if I had passed to my teammate, who was free near the goal. If I had looked up earlier, I would have made a better choice. Still, the experience taught me to stay calm and use better tactics.','Bodyx'),Spacer(1,.2*cm),P('<b>Final self-check:</b> Can you use <i>should have</i> for regret, <i>could have</i> for missed possibility, and <i>would have</i> for an imagined past result?','Callout')] doc=SimpleDocTemplate(str(OUT),pagesize=A4,rightMargin=1.5*cm,leftMargin=1.5*cm,topMargin=1.35*cm,bottomMargin=1.55*cm,title='Past Modals & Sports Bilingual Handbook') doc.build(story,onFirstPage=footer,onLaterPages=footer) print(OUT,OUT.stat().st_size) PY python "/tmp/workspace/past-modals-handbook/src/create_handbook.py" python - <<'PY' from pypdf import PdfReader p='/tmp/workspace/past-modals-handbook/output/Past_Modals_Sports_Bilingual_Handbook.pdf' r=PdfReader(p);print('pages',len(r.pages),'size',__import__('os').path.getsize(p)); print((r.pages[0].extract_text() or '')[:150]) PY

**/*DroidSans*.ttf in /usr/share/fonts

~/past-modals-handbook/output/

python - <<'PY' p='/tmp/workspace/past-modals-handbook/src/create_handbook.py' s=open(p,encoding='utf-8').read().replace("'/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf'","'/usr/share/fonts/google-droid-sans-fonts/DroidSans.ttf'").replace("'/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans-Bold.ttf'","'/usr/share/fonts/google-droid-sans-fonts/DroidSans-Bold.ttf'") open(p,'w',encoding='utf-8').write(s) PY python "/tmp/workspace/past-modals-handbook/src/create_handbook.py" python - <<'PY' from pypdf import PdfReader from pathlib import Path p=Path('/tmp/workspace/past-modals-handbook/output/Past_Modals_Sports_Bilingual_Handbook.pdf') r=PdfReader(str(p));print('pages',len(r.pages),'size',p.stat().st_size);print((r.pages[3].extract_text() or '')[:300]) PY

python - <<'PY' import pypdfium2 as pdfium from pathlib import Path from PIL import Image p='/tmp/workspace/past-modals-handbook/output/Past_Modals_Sports_Bilingual_Handbook.pdf' pdf=pdfium.PdfDocument(p) out=Path('/tmp/workspace/past-modals-handbook/src/verification');out.mkdir(exist_ok=True) for i in [0,4,8]: im=pdf[i].render(scale=.7).to_pil(); f=out/f'page-{i+1}.jpg';im.convert('RGB').save(f,quality=50) print(i+1, im.size, f.stat().st_size) PY