from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.units import cm
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle,
    HRFlowable, KeepTogether
)
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY
from reportlab.platypus import PageBreak

OUTPUT = "/tmp/workspace/viva-guide/Viva_Study_Guide.pdf"

# ── Colour palette ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
NAVY    = colors.HexColor("#1A237E")
TEAL    = colors.HexColor("#00897B")
AMBER   = colors.HexColor("#F57F17")
LIGHT_BG = colors.HexColor("#E8EAF6")
TEAL_BG  = colors.HexColor("#E0F2F1")
WHITE   = colors.white
DARK    = colors.HexColor("#212121")
GREY    = colors.HexColor("#757575")
LIGHT_GREY = colors.HexColor("#F5F5F5")

# ── Styles ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
styles = getSampleStyleSheet()

def S(name, **kw):
    return ParagraphStyle(name, **kw)

title_style = S("Title2",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=28, textColor=WHITE,
    alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=6)

subtitle_style = S("Subtitle2",
    fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=13, textColor=colors.HexColor("#C5CAE9"),
    alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=4)

section_title = S("SectionTitle",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=15, textColor=NAVY,
    spaceBefore=14, spaceAfter=6, borderPadding=(0,0,4,0))

subsection_title = S("SubTitle",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=12, textColor=TEAL,
    spaceBefore=8, spaceAfter=4)

body = S("Body2",
    fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=10, textColor=DARK,
    leading=16, spaceAfter=4, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY)

bullet_style = S("Bullet2",
    fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=10, textColor=DARK,
    leading=15, leftIndent=14, spaceAfter=3,
    bulletIndent=4, bulletFontName="Helvetica-Bold")

tip_style = S("Tip",
    fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=9.5, textColor=colors.HexColor("#4A148C"),
    leading=14, spaceAfter=3, leftIndent=10)

bold_body = S("BoldBody",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=10, textColor=DARK,
    leading=15, spaceAfter=2)

phrase_q = S("PhraseQ",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=9.5, textColor=NAVY,
    leading=14, leftIndent=8)

phrase_a = S("PhraseA",
    fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=9.5, textColor=TEAL,
    leading=14, leftIndent=8, spaceAfter=5)

small_grey = S("SmallGrey",
    fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=8.5, textColor=GREY,
    alignment=TA_CENTER)

# ── Helper builders ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

def colored_box(text, bg=LIGHT_BG, fg=NAVY, font="Helvetica-Bold", size=10):
    data = [[Paragraph(text, ParagraphStyle("CB", fontName=font,
                fontSize=size, textColor=fg, leading=14, alignment=TA_CENTER))]]
    t = Table(data, colWidths=[16*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), bg),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
        ("ROUNDEDCORNERS", [6]),
    ]))
    return t

def two_col_table(rows, col1=6.5*cm, col2=9.5*cm, header=None):
    data = []
    if header:
        data.append([
            Paragraph(header[0], ParagraphStyle("H", fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
                fontSize=10, textColor=WHITE, leading=13)),
            Paragraph(header[1], ParagraphStyle("H", fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
                fontSize=10, textColor=WHITE, leading=13)),
        ])
    for r in rows:
        data.append([
            Paragraph(r[0], ParagraphStyle("C1", fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
                fontSize=9.5, textColor=NAVY, leading=13)),
            Paragraph(r[1], ParagraphStyle("C2", fontName="Helvetica-Oblique",
                fontSize=9.5, textColor=TEAL, leading=13)),
        ])
    t = Table(data, colWidths=[col1, col2])
    style = [
        ("GRID",        (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, colors.HexColor("#CFD8DC")),
        ("TOPPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1), 6),
        ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",(0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,0),(-1,-1),[LIGHT_GREY, WHITE]),
    ]
    if header:
        style += [
            ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,0), NAVY),
            ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,1),(-1,-1), [LIGHT_GREY, WHITE]),
        ]
    t.setStyle(TableStyle(style))
    return t

def qa_box(question, answer, tip=None):
    items = [
        Paragraph(f"Q: {question}", phrase_q),
        Paragraph(f"A: {answer}", phrase_a),
    ]
    if tip:
        items.append(Paragraph(f"Tip: {tip}", tip_style))
    data = [[items]]
    t = Table(data, colWidths=[16*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,-1), TEAL_BG),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
        ("BOX",           (0,0), (-1,-1), 1.5, TEAL),
    ]))
    return t

def section_header(text, icon=""):
    data = [[Paragraph(f"{icon}  {text}" if icon else text,
                ParagraphStyle("SH", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=14,
                    textColor=WHITE, leading=18))]]
    t = Table(data, colWidths=[16*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,-1), NAVY),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 9),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 9),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 14),
        ("ROUNDEDCORNERS", [5]),
    ]))
    return t

# ── Cover page ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

def cover_page():
    elements = []
    # Top hero banner
    data = [[
        Paragraph("VIVA ENGLISH", title_style),
        Paragraph("STUDY GUIDE", title_style),
    ]]
    # single-cell cover banner
    banner_data = [[Paragraph("VIVA ENGLISH STUDY GUIDE", title_style)]]
    banner = Table(banner_data, colWidths=[16*cm])
    banner.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,-1), NAVY),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 28),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
        ("ROUNDEDCORNERS", [8]),
    ]))
    elements.append(Spacer(1, 1.5*cm))
    elements.append(banner)

    sub_data = [[Paragraph("How to Answer Confidently in Any Oral Exam", subtitle_style)]]
    sub = Table(sub_data, colWidths=[16*cm])
    sub.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,-1), colors.HexColor("#283593")),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("ROUNDEDCORNERS", [8]),
    ]))
    elements.append(sub)
    elements.append(Spacer(1, 1.2*cm))

    # Contents overview boxes
    topics = [
        ("1", "Question Types",      "Understand the 7 core formats"),
        ("2", "Answer Frameworks",   "Structure every answer clearly"),
        ("3", "Key Phrases",         "Ready-to-use English phrases"),
        ("4", "Sample Q&A",          "Practice with real examples"),
        ("5", "Body Language Tips",  "Perform confidently"),
        ("6", "Quick Reference",     "1-page cheat sheet"),
    ]
    toc_rows = [[
        Paragraph(f"{n}. {t}", ParagraphStyle("TOC", fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
            fontSize=10, textColor=NAVY, leading=14)),
        Paragraph(d, ParagraphStyle("TOCD", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=9.5,
            textColor=GREY, leading=14)),
    ] for n, t, d in topics]
    toc = Table(toc_rows, colWidths=[6*cm, 10*cm])
    toc.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0,0), (-1,-1), [LIGHT_GREY, WHITE]),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("BOX",           (0,0), (-1,-1), 1, colors.HexColor("#90A4AE")),
        ("LINEBELOW",     (0,0), (-1,-2), 0.4, colors.HexColor("#CFD8DC")),
    ]))
    elements.append(toc)
    elements.append(Spacer(1, 1*cm))

    footer_data = [[Paragraph(
        "Prepared for students who want to speak clearly, confidently, and correctly in oral examinations.",
        small_grey)]]
    footer_t = Table(footer_data, colWidths=[16*cm])
    footer_t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
    ]))
    elements.append(footer_t)
    elements.append(PageBreak())
    return elements

# ── Section 1 - Question Types ────────────────────────────────────────────────

def section1():
    el = []
    el.append(section_header("SECTION 1 - The 7 Common Viva Question Types"))
    el.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    el.append(Paragraph(
        "Examiners use predictable question patterns. Learn to recognise each type instantly so you can choose the right response strategy.",
        body))
    el.append(Spacer(1, 0.25*cm))

    q_types = [
        ("Type", "Pattern", "Example", "Your Strategy"),
        ("1. Definition",    '"What is...?"',
         '"What is osmosis?"',
         "State the term, define it, give one example."),
        ("2. Explain / Describe", '"Explain / Describe...?"',
         '"Explain how the heart pumps blood."',
         "Use a simple structure: What - How - Why."),
        ("3. Difference",    '"What is the difference between X and Y?"',
         '"Difference between arteries and veins?"',
         "State X, then Y, then contrast directly."),
        ("4. Reason / Cause", '"Why does...?" / "What causes...?"',
         '"Why do metals conduct electricity?"',
         "Give the cause first, then mechanism."),
        ("5. Process / Steps", '"How does...?" / "What happens when...?"',
         '"How does digestion work?"',
         "Use numbered steps: First... Then... Finally..."),
        ("6. Opinion / Evaluate", '"What do you think about...?"',
         '"Is this method effective?"',
         "State your view + reason + acknowledge other side."),
        ("7. Application",   '"How would you apply...?" / "Give an example..."',
         '"Give an example of Newton\'s 3rd law."',
         "Real-world example + link back to concept."),
    ]
    data = []
    for row in q_types:
        if row[0] == "Type":
            data.append([Paragraph(c, ParagraphStyle("H",fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
                fontSize=9,textColor=WHITE,leading=12)) for c in row])
        else:
            data.append([
                Paragraph(row[0], ParagraphStyle("T",fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
                    fontSize=9,textColor=NAVY,leading=12)),
                Paragraph(row[1], ParagraphStyle("P",fontName="Helvetica-Oblique",
                    fontSize=8.5,textColor=DARK,leading=12)),
                Paragraph(row[2], ParagraphStyle("E",fontName="Helvetica",
                    fontSize=8.5,textColor=GREY,leading=12)),
                Paragraph(row[3], ParagraphStyle("S",fontName="Helvetica",
                    fontSize=8.5,textColor=DARK,leading=12)),
            ])
    t = Table(data, colWidths=[3.2*cm, 3.8*cm, 4*cm, 5*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,0), NAVY),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,1),(-1,-1),[WHITE, LIGHT_GREY]),
        ("GRID",          (0,0),(-1,-1), 0.4, colors.HexColor("#CFD8DC")),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0),(-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0),(-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0),(-1,-1), 6),
        ("VALIGN",        (0,0),(-1,-1), "TOP"),
    ]))
    el.append(t)
    el.append(Spacer(1, 0.5*cm))
    return el

# ── Section 2 - Answer Frameworks ────────────────────────────────────────────

def section2():
    el = []
    el.append(section_header("SECTION 2 - Answer Frameworks"))
    el.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))

    # Framework A
    el.append(Paragraph("Framework A - DARE (for most answers)", subsection_title))
    dare = [
        ("D - Define",    "State what the concept/term is."),
        ("A - Add Detail","Expand with mechanism, cause, or features."),
        ("R - Real Example","Give a concrete example."),
        ("E - End Clearly","Summarise in 1 sentence to close."),
    ]
    el.append(two_col_table(dare, col1=5*cm, col2=11*cm))
    el.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))

    el.append(colored_box(
        "DARE Example - \"What is photosynthesis?\"",
        bg=LIGHT_BG, fg=NAVY))
    el.append(Spacer(1,0.15*cm))
    el.append(Paragraph(
        "<b>D:</b> Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants make food using sunlight.  "
        "<b>A:</b> Chlorophyll in the leaves absorbs light energy to convert CO2 and water into glucose and oxygen.  "
        "<b>R:</b> A mango tree uses this process to produce sugar stored in its fruit.  "
        "<b>E:</b> So photosynthesis is the foundation of energy flow in most ecosystems.",
        body))
    el.append(Spacer(1, 0.4*cm))

    # Framework B
    el.append(Paragraph("Framework B - PEEL (for opinion/evaluate questions)", subsection_title))
    peel = [
        ("P - Point",    "State your main argument or position."),
        ("E - Evidence", "Provide facts, data, or examples."),
        ("E - Explain",  "Link evidence back to your point."),
        ("L - Link",     "Connect to the broader topic or examiner's question."),
    ]
    el.append(two_col_table(peel, col1=5*cm, col2=11*cm))
    el.append(Spacer(1, 0.4*cm))

    # Framework C
    el.append(Paragraph("Framework C - Compare & Contrast (for difference questions)", subsection_title))
    compare = [
        ("Step 1", "Describe X briefly."),
        ("Step 2", "Describe Y briefly."),
        ("Step 3", 'Use contrast language: "whereas", "on the other hand", "unlike X, Y..."'),
        ("Step 4", "State one key similarity if relevant."),
    ]
    el.append(two_col_table(compare, col1=5*cm, col2=11*cm))
    el.append(Spacer(1, 0.5*cm))
    return el

# ── Section 3 - Key Phrases ───────────────────────────────────────────────────

def section3():
    el = []
    el.append(section_header("SECTION 3 - Essential English Phrases for Viva"))
    el.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))

    categories = [
        ("Starting an Answer", [
            "\"This refers to...\"",
            "\"In simple terms, this means...\"",
            "\"The concept of X can be defined as...\"",
            "\"To answer this, I need to explain...\"",
        ]),
        ("Buying Time (Politely)", [
            "\"That's an interesting question. Let me think for a moment.\"",
            "\"If I understand the question correctly...\"",
            "\"Could you give me a moment to organise my thoughts?\"",
            "\"Let me approach this step by step.\"",
        ]),
        ("Explaining a Process", [
            "\"First... Then... After that... Finally...\"",
            "\"The process begins when...\"",
            "\"As a result of X, Y occurs because...\"",
            "\"This leads to... which in turn causes...\"",
        ]),
        ("Giving Examples", [
            "\"For example...\" / \"For instance...\"",
            "\"A good illustration of this is...\"",
            "\"To put this in context...\"",
            "\"In real life, we can see this when...\"",
        ]),
        ("Comparing / Contrasting", [
            "\"X is similar to Y in that... however, they differ in...\"",
            "\"Unlike X, Y tends to...\"",
            "\"The key difference is that...\"",
            "\"Both X and Y share... but X also...\"",
        ]),
        ("Admitting Uncertainty", [
            "\"I'm not entirely certain, but I believe...\"",
            "\"I don't recall the exact figure, but the concept is...\"",
            "\"I may be wrong, but my understanding is...\"",
            "\"I haven't studied that in depth, but I know that...\"",
        ]),
        ("Asking for Clarification", [
            "\"Could you please clarify what you mean by...?\"",
            "\"Are you asking about X or Y?\"",
            "\"Do you mean in the context of...?\"",
            "\"I want to make sure I understood - you're asking about...?\"",
        ]),
        ("Closing / Summarising", [
            "\"In summary...\" / \"To conclude...\"",
            "\"So, to answer your question directly...\"",
            "\"That covers the main points. I hope that answers your question.\"",
            "\"I would like to add that...\"",
        ]),
    ]

    for cat, phrases in categories:
        el.append(Paragraph(cat, subsection_title))
        rows = [[Paragraph(p, ParagraphStyle("PH", fontName="Helvetica-Oblique",
                    fontSize=9.5, textColor=colors.HexColor("#1B5E20"), leading=14))]
                for p in phrases]
        t = Table(rows, colWidths=[16*cm])
        t.setStyle(TableStyle([
            ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0,0),(-1,-1), [TEAL_BG, WHITE]),
            ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0),(-1,-1), 5),
            ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0),(-1,-1), 5),
            ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0),(-1,-1), 14),
            ("BOX",           (0,0),(-1,-1), 0.5, colors.HexColor("#B2DFDB")),
            ("LINEBELOW",     (0,0),(-1,-2), 0.3, colors.HexColor("#B2DFDB")),
        ]))
        el.append(t)
        el.append(Spacer(1, 0.25*cm))

    return el

# ── Section 4 - Sample Q&A ────────────────────────────────────────────────────

def section4():
    el = []
    el.append(section_header("SECTION 4 - Sample Questions & Model Answers"))
    el.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    el.append(Paragraph(
        "Study these model answers. Notice: direct opening, structured explanation, concrete example, brief close.",
        body))
    el.append(Spacer(1, 0.25*cm))

    qa_pairs = [
        (
            "What is osmosis?",
            "Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of lower solute "
            "concentration to a region of higher solute concentration through a semi-permeable "
            "membrane. For example, when a red blood cell is placed in pure water, water enters "
            "the cell by osmosis, causing it to swell.",
            "Use 'lower to higher' not 'high to low' - water follows concentration gradient of solute."
        ),
        (
            "What is the difference between an acid and a base?",
            "An acid is a substance that donates hydrogen ions (H+) in solution, whereas a base "
            "accepts hydrogen ions. Acids have a pH below 7 - lemon juice is a common example. "
            "Bases have a pH above 7 - baking soda is a typical example. The key contrast is in "
            "their effect on indicators: acids turn litmus red, bases turn it blue.",
            "Use 'whereas' to make the contrast crisp and clear."
        ),
        (
            "Why do objects fall to the ground?",
            "Objects fall because of gravity - a force of attraction between any two masses. The "
            "Earth has a much greater mass than everyday objects, so it pulls them toward its centre. "
            "This gives all objects near Earth's surface an acceleration of approximately 9.8 m/s². "
            "So when you drop a ball, gravity accelerates it downward until it hits the ground.",
            "Mention the value 9.8 m/s² to show precise knowledge."
        ),
        (
            "Explain the water cycle.",
            "The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water through the environment. "
            "It begins with evaporation - the sun heats surface water, turning it into vapour which "
            "rises into the atmosphere. This vapour cools and condenses into clouds. When clouds "
            "become heavy enough, precipitation occurs as rain or snow. Water then flows back to "
            "oceans and lakes via rivers, and the cycle repeats.",
            "Use the sequence words: begins with, then, after that, finally."
        ),
        (
            "Do you think renewable energy can replace fossil fuels?",
            "In my view, yes - renewable energy has the potential to replace fossil fuels over time. "
            "Evidence shows solar and wind costs have dropped over 80% in the last decade. However, "
            "challenges like energy storage and grid stability remain. So while a complete transition "
            "is possible, it requires significant investment and policy support.",
            "Always acknowledge the other side - it shows critical thinking."
        ),
    ]

    for q, a, tip in qa_pairs:
        el.append(KeepTogether([qa_box(q, a, tip), Spacer(1, 0.3*cm)]))

    return el

# ── Section 5 - Body Language ─────────────────────────────────────────────────

def section5():
    el = []
    el.append(section_header("SECTION 5 - Body Language & Delivery Tips"))
    el.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))

    tips = [
        ("Eye Contact",     "Look at the examiner while speaking - not at the floor or ceiling. Brief "
                            "glances away while thinking are fine."),
        ("Speaking Speed",  "Speak slower than you think you need to. Fast speech signals nerves. "
                            "Pause between points - silence is not weakness."),
        ("Posture",         "Sit straight with both feet on the floor. Avoid slumping or leaning too "
                            "far forward. A relaxed upright posture signals confidence."),
        ("Hands",           "Use gentle hand gestures to emphasise points. Avoid fidgeting, tapping, "
                            "or touching your face - these signal anxiety."),
        ("Tone of Voice",   "Vary your pitch slightly - a monotone voice loses the examiner's attention. "
                            "Emphasise key words: 'The MAIN reason is...'"),
        ("Handling Silence","If you need to think, say 'Let me think about that for a moment' and then "
                            "pause - this is better than long 'ummm' or 'ahhh' fillers."),
        ("Filler Words",    "Replace 'um', 'uh', 'like', 'you know' with a brief pause or connector "
                            "phrase like 'Additionally...' or 'What I mean is...'"),
        ("When Nervous",    "Take a slow breath before you start. Remind yourself: the examiner wants "
                            "you to succeed. Nervousness is normal and examiners expect it."),
    ]

    rows = [[
        Paragraph(t[0], ParagraphStyle("BT", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=10,
            textColor=NAVY, leading=14)),
        Paragraph(t[1], ParagraphStyle("BD", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=9.5,
            textColor=DARK, leading=14)),
    ] for t in tips]

    t = Table(rows, colWidths=[4*cm, 12*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0,0),(-1,-1), [LIGHT_GREY, WHITE]),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0),(-1,-1), 7),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0),(-1,-1), 7),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0),(-1,-1), 8),
        ("GRID",          (0,0),(-1,-1), 0.4, colors.HexColor("#CFD8DC")),
        ("VALIGN",        (0,0),(-1,-1), "TOP"),
    ]))
    el.append(t)
    el.append(Spacer(1, 0.5*cm))
    return el

# ── Section 6 - Quick Reference ───────────────────────────────────────────────

def section6():
    el = []
    el.append(section_header("SECTION 6 - Quick Reference Cheat Sheet"))
    el.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    el.append(Paragraph(
        "Print this page and keep it on your desk while practising.",
        body))
    el.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))

    cheat = [
        ["QUESTION TYPE",     "YOUR FIRST WORDS"],
        ["Definition (What is...?)",     '"This refers to... / is defined as..."'],
        ["Explain / Describe",           '"This works by... / can be explained as..."'],
        ["Difference",                   '"X is... whereas Y is... The key difference is..."'],
        ["Reason / Cause",               '"This is because... / The main cause is..."'],
        ["Process / Steps",              '"First... Then... After that... Finally..."'],
        ["Opinion",                      '"In my view... because... however..."'],
        ["Application / Example",        '"A real-world example is... which shows that..."'],
        ["",                             ""],
        ["BUYING TIME",                  "SHOWING UNCERTAINTY"],
        ['"Let me think about that..."', '"I\'m not entirely certain, but..."'],
        ['"If I understand correctly..."','"My understanding is... though I may be wrong."'],
        ["",                             ""],
        ["CLOSING WELL",                 "ASKING CLARIFICATION"],
        ['"In summary..."',              '"Could you clarify what you mean by...?"'],
        ['"That covers the main points."','"Are you asking about X or Y?"'],
    ]

    rows = []
    header_rows = {0, 9, 13}
    for i, row in enumerate(cheat):
        if i in header_rows:
            rows.append([
                Paragraph(row[0], ParagraphStyle("CH", fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
                    fontSize=9, textColor=WHITE, leading=12)),
                Paragraph(row[1], ParagraphStyle("CH", fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
                    fontSize=9, textColor=WHITE, leading=12)),
            ])
        elif row[0] == "":
            rows.append([Paragraph("", body), Paragraph("", body)])
        else:
            rows.append([
                Paragraph(row[0], ParagraphStyle("CR", fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
                    fontSize=9, textColor=NAVY, leading=12)),
                Paragraph(row[1], ParagraphStyle("CA", fontName="Helvetica-Oblique",
                    fontSize=9, textColor=colors.HexColor("#1B5E20"), leading=12)),
            ])

    t = Table(rows, colWidths=[8*cm, 8*cm])
    style = [
        ("GRID",         (0,0),(-1,-1), 0.4, colors.HexColor("#CFD8DC")),
        ("TOPPADDING",   (0,0),(-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING",  (0,0),(-1,-1), 8),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,0),(-1,-1),[WHITE, LIGHT_GREY]),
    ]
    for r in header_rows:
        style.append(("BACKGROUND", (0,r), (-1,r), TEAL))
        style.append(("SPAN", (0,r), (-1,r)))

    t.setStyle(TableStyle(style))
    el.append(t)
    el.append(Spacer(1, 0.5*cm))

    # Motivational close
    close_data = [[Paragraph(
        "Remember: Confidence comes from preparation. Practise answering out loud every day - "
        "even 10 minutes makes a huge difference. You've got this!",
        ParagraphStyle("Close", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=10.5,
            textColor=WHITE, leading=16, alignment=TA_CENTER))]]
    close_t = Table(close_data, colWidths=[16*cm])
    close_t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0),(-1,-1), AMBER),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0),(-1,-1), 14),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0),(-1,-1), 14),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0),(-1,-1), 16),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0),(-1,-1), 16),
        ("ROUNDEDCORNERS", [8]),
    ]))
    el.append(close_t)
    return el

# ── Page template (header/footer) ─────────────────────────────────────────────

def on_page(canvas, doc):
    canvas.saveState()
    w, h = A4
    # Header line
    canvas.setStrokeColor(NAVY)
    canvas.setLineWidth(1.5)
    canvas.line(2*cm, h - 1.4*cm, w - 2*cm, h - 1.4*cm)
    canvas.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8)
    canvas.setFillColor(NAVY)
    canvas.drawString(2*cm, h - 1.2*cm, "VIVA ENGLISH STUDY GUIDE")
    canvas.setFont("Helvetica", 8)
    canvas.setFillColor(GREY)
    canvas.drawRightString(w - 2*cm, h - 1.2*cm, "Speak Clearly. Answer Confidently.")
    # Footer line
    canvas.setStrokeColor(colors.HexColor("#CFD8DC"))
    canvas.setLineWidth(0.5)
    canvas.line(2*cm, 1.4*cm, w - 2*cm, 1.4*cm)
    canvas.setFont("Helvetica", 8)
    canvas.setFillColor(GREY)
    canvas.drawCentredString(w/2, 1.0*cm, f"Page {doc.page}")
    canvas.restoreState()

def on_first_page(canvas, doc):
    # No header/footer on cover
    pass

# ── Build ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
    OUTPUT,
    pagesize=A4,
    leftMargin=2*cm, rightMargin=2*cm,
    topMargin=2*cm, bottomMargin=2*cm,
    title="Viva English Study Guide",
    author="Orris",
    subject="Oral Exam Preparation",
)

story = []
story += cover_page()
story += section1()
story.append(PageBreak())
story += section2()
story.append(PageBreak())
story += section3()
story.append(PageBreak())
story += section4()
story.append(PageBreak())
story += section5()
story += section6()

doc.build(story, onFirstPage=on_first_page, onLaterPages=on_page)
print(f"PDF created: {OUTPUT}")