Here are the detailed answers to all seven questions:
Question-by-Question Answers
1. Which yoga is by Sushruta?
Answer: Punarnava yoga ✅
In Agada tantra (Sushruta Samhita), several antitoxic formulations are described. Punarnava yoga is the one attributed to Sushruta. Sirisha yoga and Ankola yoga appear in other classical texts. Dhattura (Dhatura) yoga is a formulation involving Datura but not specifically Sushruta's attribution in the same context.
2. According to Sushruta, how many Sarpa (snakes) are there?
Answer: 80 ✅
Sushruta classifies snakes (Sarpa) into 80 types in the Sushruta Samhita (Kalpasthana). He groups them under five main families (Darvikar, Mandali, Rajiman, Nirvisha, Vaikaranja), with a total count of 80 serpent species.
3. What is the meaning of LSD?
Answer: Lysergic acid diethylamide ✅
LSD stands for Lysergic acid diethylamide - a potent semi-synthetic psychedelic drug first synthesized by Albert Hofmann in 1938 from lysergic acid (derived from ergot fungus). The other options are all incorrect expansions.
4. In which of the following visha is Jalatrasa seen?
Answer: Alarka ✅
Jalatrasa (hydrophobia / fear of water) is a hallmark feature of Alarka visha - poisoning from the bite of a rabid dog (Alarka = mad/rabid dog). This corresponds to rabies in modern medicine. The fear of water is not a feature of cat (Marjara), rat (Mooshika), or spider (Loota) bites.
5. Ochronosis is commonly seen in which acid poisoning?
Answer: Carbolic acid (Phenol) ✅
As confirmed by Parikh's Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence: Ochronosis (also called "phenol marasmus") occurs in chronic exposure to carbolic acid (phenol). Phenol's metabolic products (hydroquinone, pyrocatechol) cause dark pigmentation of connective tissues (ochronosis), skin pigmentation, and systemic symptoms. Carboluria (smoky urine) is another hallmark. Nitric acid causes xanthoproteic reaction (yellow staining), oxalic acid causes hypocalcaemia, and formic acid causes metabolic acidosis - none cause ochronosis.
6. What is the adhishtana (seat/site) of visha in Vrischika (scorpion)?
Answer: Aala (Aara) ✅
In Ayurvedic classics, the adhishtana (anatomical seat/site) of visha in Vrischika (scorpion) is the Aala (also written Aara) - which refers to the tail sting/stinger of the scorpion. This is the organ through which the venom is injected. Compare:
- Sarpa (snake) - Damshtra (fangs)
- Luta/Loota (spider) - Lala (saliva)
- Vrischika (scorpion) - Aala/Aara (sting/tail)
7. Which is FALSE about rules for criminal responsibility of the insane?
Answer: Hasse's rule ✅
The recognized legal tests/rules for criminal responsibility of the insane are:
- McNaughten's rule (1843) - "right and wrong" test
- Durham's rule (1954) - "product of mental disease" test
- Curren's rule (1961) - "substantial capacity" test (Model Penal Code variant)
- Irresistible Impulse test (1887)
Hasse's rule is NOT a rule for criminal responsibility of the insane - it is actually a rule used in forensic age estimation (to estimate age from vertebral ossification). Therefore, Hasse's rule is the FALSE option in this context.