Give me a detailed table of autonomic receptors supplying various organs of the body
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I now have comprehensive data from both Goodman & Gilman and Katzung. I have everything needed to build a detailed, well-organized table. Let me compile the final answer:
Autonomic Receptors Supplying Organs of the Body
The table below covers adrenergic (sympathetic) and cholinergic (parasympathetic/muscarinic) receptors at effector organs, along with the physiological response produced. Data sourced from Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (TABLE 10-1) and Katzung's Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 16th Ed. (TABLE 6-2).
Legend
- α1, α2 = Alpha adrenoceptors (sympathetic)
- β1, β2, β3 = Beta adrenoceptors (sympathetic)
- M1-M5 = Muscarinic cholinoceptors (parasympathetic)
- N (NN, NM) = Nicotinic cholinoceptors (ganglionic/neuromuscular)
- +++ = predominant effect; ++ = moderate; + = minor/weak
1. EYE
| Structure | Sympathetic Effect | Adrenergic Receptor | Parasympathetic Effect | Cholinergic Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radial muscle (iris) | Contraction (mydriasis) ++ | α1 | - | - |
| Sphincter muscle (iris) | - | - | Contraction (miosis) +++ | M3 (M1, M2) |
| Ciliary muscle | Relaxation (far vision) + | β2 | Contraction (near vision/accommodation) +++ | M3 (M1, M2) |
| Lacrimal glands | Secretion + | α | Secretion +++ | M2, M3 |
2. HEART
| Structure | Sympathetic Effect | Adrenergic Receptor | Parasympathetic Effect | Cholinergic Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SA node | ↑ heart rate (chronotropy) ++ | β1, β2 | ↓ heart rate +++ | M2 >> M1 |
| Atria | ↑ contractility, ↑ conduction velocity ++ | β1, β2 | ↓ contractility +, shortened AP duration | M2 >> M1 |
| AV node | ↑ automaticity, ↑ conduction velocity ++ | β1, β2 | ↓ conduction velocity; AV block +++ | M2 >> M1 |
| His-Purkinje system | ↑ automaticity, ↑ conduction velocity | β1, β2 | Little effect | M2 >> M1 |
| Ventricles | ↑ contractility, ↑ automaticity, ↑ conduction velocity ++ | β1, β2 | Slight ↓ contractility | M2 >> M1 |
3. BLOOD VESSELS
| Vessel | Sympathetic Effect | Adrenergic Receptor | Parasympathetic Effect | Cholinergic Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coronary arteries | Constriction ++; Dilation ++ | α1, α2, β1 | No innervation | - |
| Skin & mucosa arteries | Constriction ++ | α1, α2 | No innervation | - |
| Skeletal muscle arteries | Constriction; Dilation ++ | α1, β2 | No innervation | - |
| Cerebral arteries | Constriction + | α1 | No innervation | - |
| Pulmonary arteries | Constriction +; Dilation + | α1, β2 | - | - |
| Abdominal viscera arteries | Constriction +++; Dilation + | α1, α2, β2 | - | - |
| Renal arteries | Constriction +++; Dilation + | α1, α2, β1, β2 | - | - |
| Salivary gland vessels | Constriction | α1, α2 | Dilation ++ | M3 |
| Veins (systemic) | Constriction ++; Dilation + | α1, α2, β2 | - | - |
4. LUNGS
| Structure | Sympathetic Effect | Adrenergic Receptor | Parasympathetic Effect | Cholinergic Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bronchial smooth muscle | Relaxation (bronchodilation) ++ | β2 | Contraction (bronchoconstriction) +++ | M3, M2 |
| Bronchial glands | ↓ secretion + | α1 | Stimulation +++ | M1, M2 |
5. GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
| Structure | Sympathetic Effect | Adrenergic Receptor | Parasympathetic Effect | Cholinergic Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esophagus (lower sphincter) | Contraction + | α1 | Relaxation + | M2, M3 |
| Stomach - motility/tone | ↓ motility and tone ++ | α1, α2, β2 | ↑ motility and tone +++ | M2, M3 |
| Stomach - sphincters | Contraction ++ | α1 | Relaxation ++ | M2, M3 |
| Stomach - secretion | Inhibition + | α2 | ↑ secretion +++ | M1, M2 |
| Intestine - motility and tone | ↓ motility and tone ++ | α1, α2, β1, β2 | ↑ motility and tone +++ | M2, M3 |
| Intestine - sphincters | Contraction ++ | α1 | Relaxation ++ | M2, M3 |
| Intestine - secretion | Inhibition + | α2 | ↑ secretion +++ | M1, M2, M3 |
| Gallbladder & bile ducts | Relaxation + | β2 | Contraction +++ | M2, M3 |
| Liver | Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis +++ | α1, β2 | Glycogen synthesis + | M2, M3 |
| Pancreas - acini | ↓ secretion ++ | α | ↑ secretion ++ | M1, M2 |
| Pancreas - β cells (insulin) | ↓ secretion +++; ↑ secretion ++ | α1 (↓); β2 (↑) | - | - |
6. GENITOURINARY TRACT
| Structure | Sympathetic Effect | Adrenergic Receptor | Parasympathetic Effect | Cholinergic Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kidney (renin secretion) | ↑ renin secretion ++ | β1 | - | - |
| Urinary bladder - detrusor | Relaxation ++ | β2 | Contraction +++ | M2 >> M3 |
| Urinary bladder - trigone & sphincter | Contraction ++ | α1 | Relaxation ++ | M2 > M1 |
| Ureter - motility and tone | ↑ motility | α1 | ↑ motility (?) | M |
| Uterus (pregnant) | Contraction | α1 | Variable | M |
| Uterus (non-pregnant / pregnant) | Relaxation | β2 | Variable | M |
| Male sex organs (penis) | Ejaculation +++ | α1 | Erection +++ | M1 |
7. SKIN
| Structure | Sympathetic Effect | Adrenergic Receptor | Parasympathetic Effect | Cholinergic Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pilomotor muscles | Contraction (goosebumps) ++ | α1 | - | - |
| Sweat glands (thermoregulatory) | Generalized secretion +++ (sympathetic cholinergic) | - | - | M1, M2 |
| Sweat glands (emotional/localized) | Localized secretion +++ | α1 | - | - |
Note: Sweat glands are anatomically sympathetic but use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter (sympathetic cholinergic fibers), acting on muscarinic receptors.
8. METABOLIC / ENDOCRINE
| Structure / Effect | Sympathetic Effect | Adrenergic Receptor | Parasympathetic Effect | Cholinergic Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal medulla | - | - | Secretion of epinephrine & NE +++ | N (α1), (β2), M (secondarily) |
| Fat cells | Lipolysis +++ | β3 (β1) | - | - |
| Skeletal muscle | ↑ contractility, glycogenolysis, K+ uptake | β2 | - | - |
| Pineal gland | ↑ melatonin synthesis | β | - | - |
9. SALIVARY AND EXOCRINE GLANDS
| Gland | Sympathetic Effect | Adrenergic Receptor | Parasympathetic Effect | Cholinergic Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salivary glands | Thick, viscous secretion ++ | α1 | Profuse, watery secretion +++ | M1, M3 |
| Nasopharyngeal glands | - | - | Secretion +++ | M1, M2, M3 |
10. AUTONOMIC RECEPTOR TYPES (SUMMARY - Katzung TABLE 6-2)
| Receptor | Key Locations | Signal Mechanism | Main Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | CNS neurons, sympathetic ganglia | IP3/DAG → ↑ intracellular Ca2+ | Glandular secretion, gastric acid |
| M2 | Myocardium, smooth muscle, presynaptic sites | ↑ K+ conductance, ↓ adenylyl cyclase → ↓ cAMP | ↓ HR, ↓ AV conduction |
| M3 | Exocrine glands, vascular smooth muscle/endothelium | IP3/DAG → ↑ intracellular Ca2+ | Smooth muscle contraction, glandular secretion |
| M4 | CNS neurons, possibly vagal nerve endings | Like M2 | Presynaptic modulation |
| M5 | Vascular endothelium (cerebral), CNS neurons | Like M1 | Cerebrovascular dilation |
| NN (nicotinic) | Postganglionic neurons, presynaptic terminals | Na+/K+ channel opening - depolarization | Ganglionic transmission |
| NM (nicotinic) | Skeletal muscle NMJ (α1, β1 + γ, δ subunits) | Na+/K+ channel opening - depolarization | Muscle contraction |
| α1 | Postsynaptic smooth muscle | IP3/DAG → ↑ Ca2+ | Vasoconstriction, sphincter contraction, mydriasis |
| α2 | Presynaptic adrenergic terminals, platelets, lipocytes, smooth muscle | ↓ adenylyl cyclase → ↓ cAMP | Inhibits NE release; platelet aggregation; ↓ insulin |
| β1 | Heart, lipocytes, kidney JGA, brain | ↑ adenylyl cyclase → ↑ cAMP | ↑ HR, ↑ contractility, ↑ renin, lipolysis |
| β2 | Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle | ↑ adenylyl cyclase → ↑ cAMP (also activates cardiac Gi) | Bronchodilation, vasodilation, uterine relaxation, ↑ insulin |
| β3 | Fat cells, bladder | ↑ adenylyl cyclase → ↑ cAMP | Lipolysis, bladder relaxation |
Key Clinical Memory Hooks
| System | Dominant Autonomic Tone at Rest | Key Receptors |
|---|---|---|
| Heart rate | Parasympathetic (vagal) | M2 (slows), β1 (speeds) |
| Blood vessels | Sympathetic | α1 (constrict), β2 (dilate) |
| Airway | Parasympathetic | M3 (bronchoconstrict), β2 (dilate) |
| Gut motility | Parasympathetic | M2/M3 (↑), α1/β2 (↓) |
| Pupil size | Depends on light reflex | M3 (miosis), α1 (mydriasis) |
| Bladder filling/voiding | Sympathetic fills, parasympathetic voids | β2 (relax detrusor), M2/M3 (contract detrusor) |
Sources:
- Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Table 10-1: Response of Effector Organs to Autonomic Nerve Impulses
- Katzung's Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 16th Edition, Table 6-2: Major Autonomic Receptor Types
Table of just organ and receptors present
Here's the condensed table — organ and receptors only:
Autonomic Receptors by Organ
| Organ / Structure | Adrenergic Receptors | Cholinergic Receptors |
|---|---|---|
| EYE | ||
| Radial muscle (iris) | α1 | - |
| Sphincter muscle (iris) | - | M3 |
| Ciliary muscle | β2 | M3 |
| Lacrimal glands | α | M2, M3 |
| HEART | ||
| SA node | β1, β2 | M2 |
| Atria | β1, β2 | M2 |
| AV node | β1, β2 | M2 |
| His-Purkinje system | β1, β2 | M2 |
| Ventricles | β1, β2 | M2 |
| BLOOD VESSELS | ||
| Coronary arteries | α1, α2, β1 | - |
| Skin & mucosa arteries | α1, α2 | - |
| Skeletal muscle arteries | α1, β2 | - |
| Cerebral arteries | α1 | - |
| Pulmonary arteries | α1, β2 | - |
| Abdominal viscera arteries | α1, α2, β2 | - |
| Renal arteries | α1, α2, β1, β2 | - |
| Salivary gland vessels | α1, α2 | M3 |
| Veins (systemic) | α1, α2, β2 | - |
| LUNGS | ||
| Bronchial smooth muscle | β2 | M2, M3 |
| Bronchial glands | α1 | M1, M2 |
| GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT | ||
| Esophagus (lower sphincter) | α1 | M2, M3 |
| Stomach - motility/tone | α1, α2, β2 | M2, M3 |
| Stomach - sphincters | α1 | M2, M3 |
| Stomach - secretion | α2 | M1, M2 |
| Intestine - motility/tone | α1, α2, β1, β2 | M2, M3 |
| Intestine - sphincters | α1 | M2, M3 |
| Intestine - secretion | α2 | M1, M2, M3 |
| Gallbladder & bile ducts | β2 | M2, M3 |
| Liver | α1, β2 | M2, M3 |
| Pancreas - acini | α | M1, M2 |
| Pancreas - β cells | α1, β2 | - |
| GENITOURINARY TRACT | ||
| Kidney (JGA - renin) | β1 | - |
| Bladder detrusor | β2 | M2, M3 |
| Bladder trigone & sphincter | α1 | M2 |
| Ureter | α1 | M |
| Uterus | α1, β2 | M |
| Male sex organs | α1 | M1 |
| SKIN | ||
| Pilomotor muscles | α1 | - |
| Sweat glands (thermoregulatory) | - | M1, M2 |
| Sweat glands (emotional) | α1 | - |
| METABOLIC / ENDOCRINE | ||
| Adrenal medulla | - | N (NN) |
| Fat cells | β1, β3 | - |
| Skeletal muscle | β2 | - |
| Pineal gland | β | - |
| GLANDS | ||
| Salivary glands | α1 | M1, M3 |
| Nasopharyngeal glands | - | M1, M2, M3 |
Sources: Goodman & Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (Table 10-1) and Katzung's Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 16th Ed. (Table 6-2)
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