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I now have a comprehensive view of your physiology practical charts PDF. Here is the complete report:
Physiology Practical Charts PDF - Full Content Report
Total Pages: 123 | Created: 04 July 2026 | Type: Image-based (scanned) PDF
What the PDF Contains
This is a physiology practical examination question bank used for medical/dental students. It contains three types of pages alternating throughout:
- Practical Station Cards - exam question sheets
- Charts/Diagrams - physiological tracings, graphs, and clinical photographs
- Answer sheets - detailed answers to chart-based questions
Section 1 - Clinical Examination Stations
These are practical exam tasks (15 + 5 marks format):
| Station | Task 1 (15 marks) | Task 2 (5 marks) |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular | Examine cardiovascular system & report findings | Elicit triceps jerk |
| Respiratory | Examine respiratory system & report findings | Elicit biceps jerk / knee jerk |
| Motor System | Perform motor system examination | Elicit ankle jerk |
| Sensory System | Perform sensory system examination | Elicit supinator jerk |
| General Exam | General examination + radial pulse | Elicit triceps/knee jerk |
| Cranial Nerves | Examine cranial nerves I-VI | Elicit plantar reflex |
| Muscle Tone/Power | Assess lower limb muscles (tone & power) | Elicit biceps jerk |
Section 2 - Hematology Practical Stations
| Task 1 (15 marks) | Task 2 (5 marks) |
|---|---|
| Enumerate total leukocyte count (TLC) | Estimate bleeding time |
| Enumerate total erythrocyte count | Determine blood group |
| Enumerate differential leukocyte count (DLC) | Estimate bleeding time |
| Estimate hemoglobin concentration | Estimate bleeding time |
Section 3 - Human Physiology Stations (10 + 10 marks)
| Task 1 (10 marks) | Task 2 (10 marks) |
|---|---|
| Blood pressure in lying & standing postures | Electrocardiography (ECG) |
| Pulse rate, BP & mean arterial pressure (sitting) | ECG / Spirometry / Perimetry / Mosso's Ergography |
| Blood pressure changes in standing posture | ECG / Spirometry |
| Blood pressure changes in moderate physical exercise | ECG / Mosso's Ergography |
Section 4 - Calculation / Problem-Solving Questions
These pages give clinical data and ask students to compute values:
Dyspneic Index (Page 3)
- Resting pulmonary ventilation = 6 L/min, MVV = 100 L/min
- Questions: Define dyspneic index, MVV, dyspnea; classify obstructive vs restrictive disorders
Red Cell Indices - MCH & MCV (Pages 4 & 7)
- Hb = 14.5 g/dL, RBC = 4.8 million/mm³, PCV = 42%
- Questions: Classify red cell indices, most reliable index, why MCHC cannot exceed 38%, classify anemias
TmG - Glucose Transport Maximum (Page 25)
- Plasma glucose = 300 mg/dL, GFR = 100 mL/min, urine glucose = 10 mg/mL, urine flow = 1 mL/min
- Questions: Define TmG, significance in diabetes
GFR Calculation (Page 47)
- Hydrostatic pressure in glomerulus = 60 mmHg, Bowman's capsule = 15 mmHg, osmotic pressure = 30 mmHg, filtrate osmotic pressure = 0 mmHg
- Questions: Define GFR, ultrafiltration, factors affecting GFR, functions of podocytes
Color Index (Page 88)
- Hb = 16 g/dL, RBC = 6 million/mm³ (Normal 100% = 5.0 million/mm³ and 15 g/dL Hb)
- Questions: Red cell indices, what is color index, classify anemia
Absolute Eosinophil Count (Pages 82 & 113)
- TLC = 6000/mm³, DLC: Neutrophils 55%, Eosinophils 15%, Monocytes 5%, Basophils 0%, Lymphocytes 25%
- Questions: Clinical significance, normal range, conditions altering count, functions of eosinophils
Stroke Volume & Cardiac Output (Page 117)
- Mixed venous O₂ = 14.8 mL/100mL, arterial O₂ = 19.5 mL/100mL, HR = 70/min, O₂ consumption = 245 mL/min (Fick principle)
- Questions: Define SV & CO, factors affecting CO, methods of measurement, cardiac index
Section 5 - Chart Identification Pages (with Answers)
Page 56 - Cardiac Muscle Properties Chart
This chart shows cardiac muscle properties on a kymograph. Labels:
- a = Extrasystole
- b = Compensatory pause
- c = Treppe / Staircase phenomenon
Key answers provided:
- Extrasystole occurs when the ventricle is stimulated during the relative refractory period (relaxation phase), causing an early contraction
- Compensatory pause - the following normal impulse arrives during the refractory period of the extrasystole so fails to evoke a response
- Absolute Refractory Period (ARP) of cardiac muscle = 250 msec (cannot be tetanized)
- Relative Refractory Period (RRP) = 50 msec
- Normal: 2-4 extrasystoles/minute; clinically significant: >6/minute or in a diseased heart (e.g. myocardial infarction)
- Predisposing factors: excess coffee/alcohol/tobacco, anxiety, hyperthyroidism, hypoxia, electrolyte imbalance
Page 10 - Stannius Ligature Chart
A kymograph tracing showing the effect of Stannius ligatures on the frog heart, showing:
- A = Normal sinus rhythm (fast rate, I ligature position - sinoatrial node area)
- B = Slower ventricular rhythm (after II ligature - atrioventricular junction)
- C = Slow or arrested rhythm (ventricular automaticity only)
Page 22 - Cardiac Action Potential / Muscle Twitch Curve
A kymograph/action potential curve with labeled points A, B, C, D - related to the cardiac cycle phases.
Page 24 - Clinical Photo (Endocrine / Facial Features)
A photograph of a patient's face - likely used for clinical sign spotting in endocrine or neurological topics.
Page 5 - Clinical Photo (Elbow / Joint)
A close-up clinical photograph of an elbow joint (likely showing a clinical sign like rheumatoid nodule, olecranon bursitis, or joint deformity).
Page 6 - Clinical Photo (General Examination Posture)
A full-body clinical photograph of a patient in examination posture, used for general examination teaching.
Summary of Topics Covered
| System | Topics |
|---|---|
| Cardiovascular | ECG, blood pressure, cardiac muscle properties, extrasystole, cardiac output (Fick), Stannius ligatures, action potential |
| Hematology | TLC, DLC, RBC count, Hb estimation, bleeding time, blood grouping, MCH/MCV/MCHC/color index, absolute eosinophil count |
| Respiratory | Spirometry, dyspneic index, MVV, obstructive vs restrictive disease |
| Renal | GFR, TmG, glomerular filtration pressures, podocytes |
| Neurology/Clinical | Motor exam, sensory exam, cranial nerves I-VI, tendon reflexes (biceps/triceps/knee/ankle/supinator/plantar), muscle tone & power |
| Special Senses/Others | Perimetry, Mosso's ergography |
All 123 pages have been processed. The image files are saved at:
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