cd /home/daytona/workspace && python3 -c " import pdfplumber with pdfplumber.open('/home/daytona/workspace/attachments/f8474b5c-a9b4-429d-b5bd-ed7839bc201c/Class 5.pdf') as pdf: print(f'Total pages: {len(pdf.pages)}') for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages): print(f'\n===== PAGE {i+1} =====') text = page.extract_text() if text: print(text) else: print('[No text found on this page]') "

python3 -c " import pytesseract from pdf2image import convert_from_path pages = convert_from_path('/home/daytona/workspace/attachments/f8474b5c-a9b4-429d-b5bd-ed7839bc201c/Class 5.pdf', dpi=200) print(f'Converted {len(pages)} pages') full_text = '' for i, page in enumerate(pages): text = pytesseract.image_to_string(page) print(f'\n===== PAGE {i+1} =====') print(text) full_text += f'\n--- PAGE {i+1} ---\n' + text with open('/home/daytona/workspace/class5_extracted.txt', 'w') as f: f.write(full_text) print('\nSaved to class5_extracted.txt') "

mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace/class5-simplified && python3 << 'PYEOF' from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4 from reportlab.lib import colors from reportlab.lib.units import mm from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle, HRFlowable from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_LEFT, TA_CENTER doc = SimpleDocTemplate( "/home/daytona/workspace/class5-simplified/Class5_Simplified.pdf", pagesize=A4, rightMargin=18*mm, leftMargin=18*mm, topMargin=18*mm, bottomMargin=18*mm ) # ── Colour palette ────────────────────────────────────────────── DARK_BLUE = colors.HexColor("#1A3A5C") MED_BLUE = colors.HexColor("#2E6DA4") LIGHT_BLUE = colors.HexColor("#D6E8F7") ACCENT_TEAL = colors.HexColor("#17A589") LIGHT_GREEN = colors.HexColor("#D5F5E3") ORANGE = colors.HexColor("#E67E22") LIGHT_ORANGE= colors.HexColor("#FDEBD0") RED_WARN = colors.HexColor("#C0392B") LIGHT_RED = colors.HexColor("#FADBD8") LIGHT_GREY = colors.HexColor("#F2F3F4") WHITE = colors.white # ── Styles ────────────────────────────────────────────────────── styles = getSampleStyleSheet() def S(name, **kw): return ParagraphStyle(name, **kw) title_style = S("Title2", fontSize=22, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", textColor=WHITE, alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=4, spaceBefore=4) subtitle_style = S("Subtitle2", fontSize=11, fontName="Helvetica", textColor=colors.HexColor("#BDC3C7"), alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=6) h1 = S("H1", fontSize=14, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", textColor=WHITE, spaceBefore=10, spaceAfter=2) h2 = S("H2", fontSize=11, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", textColor=DARK_BLUE, spaceBefore=8, spaceAfter=2) h3 = S("H3", fontSize=10, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", textColor=MED_BLUE, spaceBefore=5, spaceAfter=1) body = S("Body2", fontSize=9.5, fontName="Helvetica", textColor=colors.HexColor("#2C3E50"), leading=14, spaceBefore=1, spaceAfter=1) bullet = S("Bullet2", fontSize=9.5, fontName="Helvetica", textColor=colors.HexColor("#2C3E50"), leading=14, leftIndent=14, spaceBefore=1, spaceAfter=1) note_style = S("Note", fontSize=9, fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", textColor=colors.HexColor("#7F8C8D"), leading=13, spaceBefore=1, spaceAfter=1) warn_style = S("Warn", fontSize=9.5, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", textColor=RED_WARN, leading=13) # ── Helper builders ────────────────────────────────────────────── W = doc.width def banner(text, bg=DARK_BLUE, style=title_style): t = Table([[Paragraph(text, style)]], colWidths=[W]) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), bg), ("ROUNDEDCORNERS", [6]), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8), ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 12), ("RIGHTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 12), ])) return t def section_header(num, text): t = Table([[Paragraph(f"{num} {text}", h1)]], colWidths=[W]) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), MED_BLUE), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 7), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 7), ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10), ("RIGHTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10), ("ROUNDEDCORNERS", [4]), ])) return t def info_box(rows, bg=LIGHT_BLUE, border=MED_BLUE): data = [[Paragraph(r, bullet)] for r in rows] t = Table(data, colWidths=[W]) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), bg), ("BOX", (0,0), (-1,-1), 1, border), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 3), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 3), ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10), ("RIGHTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10), ])) return t def warn_box(text): t = Table([[Paragraph("⚠ " + text, warn_style)]], colWidths=[W]) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), LIGHT_RED), ("BOX", (0,0), (-1,-1), 1.2, RED_WARN), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 6), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 6), ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10), ("RIGHTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10), ])) return t def two_col_table(left_rows, right_rows, left_header, right_header, lbg=LIGHT_BLUE, rbg=LIGHT_GREEN): hstyle = S("TH", fontSize=9.5, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", textColor=WHITE, alignment=TA_CENTER) bstyle = S("TC", fontSize=9, fontName="Helvetica", textColor=colors.HexColor("#2C3E50"), leading=13) max_r = max(len(left_rows), len(right_rows)) left_rows += [""] * (max_r - len(left_rows)) right_rows += [""] * (max_r - len(right_rows)) data = [[Paragraph(left_header, hstyle), Paragraph(right_header, hstyle)]] for l, r in zip(left_rows, right_rows): data.append([Paragraph(l, bstyle), Paragraph(r, bstyle)]) cw = W / 2 - 2 t = Table(data, colWidths=[cw, cw]) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (0,0), MED_BLUE), ("BACKGROUND", (1,0), (1,0), ACCENT_TEAL), ("BACKGROUND", (0,1), (0,-1), lbg), ("BACKGROUND", (1,1), (1,-1), rbg), ("BOX", (0,0), (-1,-1), 1, colors.HexColor("#AAB7B8")), ("INNERGRID", (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, colors.HexColor("#D5D8DC")), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 3), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 3), ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 6), ("RIGHTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 6), ])) return t def abg_table(rows): hstyle = S("TH2", fontSize=9.5, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", textColor=WHITE, alignment=TA_CENTER) bstyle = S("TC2", fontSize=9, fontName="Helvetica", textColor=colors.HexColor("#2C3E50"), alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=13) data = [[Paragraph(h, hstyle) for h in rows[0]]] for r in rows[1:]: data.append([Paragraph(c, bstyle) for c in r]) n = len(rows[0]) cw = W / n t = Table(data, colWidths=[cw]*n) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,0), DARK_BLUE), ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0,1), (-1,-1), [LIGHT_GREY, WHITE]), ("BOX", (0,0), (-1,-1), 1, colors.HexColor("#AAB7B8")), ("INNERGRID", (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, colors.HexColor("#D5D8DC")), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 4), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 4), ])) return t def sp(n=4): return Spacer(1, n) # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # BUILD STORY # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story = [] # ── Cover banner ──────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(sp(6)) story.append(banner("📘 Respiratory System & Failure", DARK_BLUE, title_style)) story.append(Paragraph("Class 5 — Simplified Study Notes", subtitle_style)) story.append(sp(10)) # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # 1. Anatomy & Physiology # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story.append(section_header("1", "Anatomy & Physiology of the Respiratory System")) story.append(sp(6)) story.append(Paragraph("🫁 Anatomy at a Glance", h2)) story.append(sp(3)) story.append(two_col_table( ["Nose & Nasal Cavity", "Pharynx", "Larynx", "<b>Functions:</b> filters, warms & humidifies air"], ["Trachea", "Bronchi (right & left)", "Bronchioles", "Alveoli (gas exchange site)"], "Upper Respiratory Tract", "Lower Respiratory Tract" )) story.append(sp(5)) story.append(Paragraph("🫧 Lungs & Alveoli", h2)) story.append(sp(3)) story.append(info_box([ "• <b>Right lung</b> — 3 lobes | <b>Left lung</b> — 2 lobes", "• Both lungs are covered by the <b>pleura</b> (visceral + parietal layers)", "• <b>Alveoli</b> = main site of gas exchange — surrounded by tiny blood vessels (capillaries)", "• <b>Type I cells</b> → gas exchange | <b>Type II cells</b> → produce <b>surfactant</b> (stops alveoli collapsing)", ])) story.append(sp(6)) story.append(Paragraph("⚙️ Physiology — How Breathing Works", h2)) story.append(sp(3)) story.append(Paragraph("5 Main Functions of the Respiratory System:", h3)) story.append(info_box([ "1. Supply oxygen to the body", "2. Remove carbon dioxide (CO₂)", "3. Maintain acid-base balance", "4. Enable speech", "5. Defend against harmful particles", ], bg=LIGHT_GREEN, border=ACCENT_TEAL)) story.append(sp(5)) story.append(two_col_table( ["Diaphragm <b>contracts</b>", "Chest expands", "Negative pressure created", "Air flows <b>in</b>"], ["Diaphragm <b>relaxes</b>", "Chest shrinks back", "Pressure increases", "Air flows <b>out</b>"], "Inspiration (Active — needs effort)", "Expiration (Passive — no effort)" )) story.append(sp(5)) story.append(Paragraph("💨 Gas Exchange", h3)) story.append(info_box([ "• Happens by <b>diffusion</b> across the alveolar wall", "• O₂ moves: alveoli → blood | CO₂ moves: blood → alveoli", "• Depends on: surface area, membrane thickness, pressure difference", ])) story.append(sp(8)) # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # 2. Regulation of Respiration # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story.append(section_header("2", "Regulation of Respiration")) story.append(sp(6)) story.append(two_col_table( ["<b>Medulla</b> — sets the basic breathing rhythm", "<b>Pons</b> — fine-tunes the rate and depth"], ["<b>Central</b> (in medulla) — detects rising CO₂; <b>main driver</b> of breathing", "<b>Peripheral</b> (carotid & aortic bodies) — detects low O₂, high CO₂, low pH"], "Respiratory Centers (Brainstem)", "Chemoreceptors" )) story.append(sp(5)) story.append(info_box([ "📌 Key rule: ↑ CO₂ → breathe faster | Very low O₂ → also stimulates breathing", ])) story.append(sp(8)) # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # 3. Types of Acute Respiratory Failure # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story.append(section_header("3", "Types of Acute Respiratory Failure")) story.append(sp(4)) story.append(Paragraph( "<b>Respiratory failure</b> = the lungs cannot keep oxygen high enough <b>OR</b> carbon dioxide low enough.", body)) story.append(sp(3)) story.append(abg_table([ ["ABG Value", "Normal Range", "Failure Threshold"], ["pH", "7.35 – 7.45", "—"], ["PaO₂", "80 – 100 mmHg", "< 60 mmHg (low O₂)"], ["PaCO₂", "35 – 45 mmHg", "> 50 mmHg (high CO₂)"], ["HCO₃⁻", "22 – 26 mEq/L", "—"], ])) story.append(sp(6)) # ---- Type I ---- story.append(Paragraph("Type I — Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure (Low Oxygen)", h2)) story.append(sp(3)) story.append(two_col_table( ["Pneumonia", "ARDS (Acute Lung Injury)", "Pulmonary oedema", "Pulmonary embolism", "Severe asthma"], ["V/Q mismatch (ventilation–perfusion)", "Shunt (blood bypasses gas exchange)", "Diffusion defect (thickened wall)"], "Causes", "Mechanisms" )) story.append(sp(4)) story.append(Paragraph("Clinical Features & Diagnosis:", h3)) story.append(info_box([ "• Symptoms: <b>difficulty breathing</b>, fast breathing, blue lips/fingertips (cyanosis), restlessness, confusion", "• ABG: PaO₂ ↓ | PaCO₂ normal or ↓ | pH normal or alkalotic", "• Investigations: Chest X-ray, pulse oximetry", ])) story.append(sp(4)) story.append(Paragraph("Management:", h3)) story.append(info_box([ "1. <b>Oxygen therapy</b> — nasal cannula → face mask → high-flow oxygen", "2. <b>Treat the cause</b>: antibiotics (pneumonia) | diuretics (pulmonary oedema) | anticoagulants (PE)", "3. <b>Mechanical ventilation</b> if very severe", ], bg=LIGHT_GREEN, border=ACCENT_TEAL)) story.append(sp(7)) # ---- Type II ---- story.append(Paragraph("Type II — Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure (High CO₂)", h2)) story.append(sp(3)) story.append(two_col_table( ["COPD", "Drug overdose (opioids)", "Severe asthma", "Neuromuscular diseases (MG, GBS)", "Obesity hypoventilation"], ["Main problem = <b>hypoventilation</b>", "Too little breathing → CO₂ builds up", "→ Respiratory acidosis", "→ ↑ intracranial pressure"], "Causes", "Mechanism" )) story.append(sp(4)) story.append(Paragraph("Clinical Features & Diagnosis:", h3)) story.append(info_box([ "• Symptoms: <b>headache</b>, drowsiness, confusion, flapping tremor, coma (late)", "• ABG: PaCO₂ ↑ | PaO₂ ↓ | pH low (acute) | HCO₃⁻ ↑ (chronic)", ])) story.append(sp(4)) story.append(Paragraph("Management:", h3)) story.append(info_box([ "1. <b>Controlled oxygen</b> — do NOT give too much O₂ in COPD", "2. <b>Non-invasive ventilation (BiPAP)</b> — first-line", "3. <b>Intubation</b> if very severe", "4. <b>Treat the underlying cause</b>", ], bg=LIGHT_GREEN, border=ACCENT_TEAL)) story.append(sp(4)) story.append(warn_box("COPD patients rely on low O₂ to breathe — too much O₂ can cause CO₂ to rise further!")) story.append(sp(7)) # ---- Type III ---- story.append(Paragraph("Type III — Perioperative (Postoperative) Respiratory Failure", h2)) story.append(sp(3)) story.append(two_col_table( ["Abdominal surgery", "Thoracic surgery", "General anaesthesia", "Obesity"], ["Atelectasis (alveolar collapse) after surgery", "Pain → shallow breathing", "Anaesthesia → reduced lung expansion", "Supine position + reduced cough → alveoli collapse"], "Causes", "Mechanism" )) story.append(sp(4)) story.append(info_box([ "• Symptoms: hypoxia after surgery, fast breathing, reduced breath sounds, possible fever", "• ABG: PaO₂ ↓ | CO₂ normal or slightly ↑", ])) story.append(sp(4)) story.append(info_box([ "1. Oxygen therapy 2. Incentive spirometry 3. Chest physiotherapy", "4. Early mobilisation 5. Adequate pain control", ], bg=LIGHT_GREEN, border=ACCENT_TEAL)) story.append(sp(7)) # ---- Type IV ---- story.append(Paragraph("Type IV — Shock-Related Respiratory Failure", h2)) story.append(sp(3)) story.append(two_col_table( ["Septic shock", "Cardiogenic shock", "Hypovolaemic shock", "Trauma"], ["Shock → low BP → poor O₂ delivery to breathing muscles", "Diaphragm gets tired (fatigue)", "→ Hypoventilation + hypoxia", "Mixed ABG picture: low O₂, high CO₂ (late), metabolic acidosis"], "Causes", "Mechanism" )) story.append(sp(4)) story.append(info_box([ "• Symptoms: signs of shock (low BP, fast heart rate), breathlessness, altered consciousness", "• ABG: low O₂, high CO₂ (late), metabolic acidosis with raised lactate", ])) story.append(sp(4)) story.append(info_box([ "1. <b>Treat the shock urgently</b> 2. IV fluids 3. Vasopressors 4. Early mechanical ventilation", ], bg=LIGHT_GREEN, border=ACCENT_TEAL)) story.append(sp(8)) # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # 5. Blood Gases, Pulse Oximetry & Capnography # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story.append(section_header("4", "Monitoring: ABG, Pulse Oximetry & Capnography")) story.append(sp(6)) story.append(Paragraph("ABG Interpretation — 4-Step Method", h2)) story.append(sp(3)) story.append(abg_table([ ["Step", "What to Check", "What it tells you"], ["1", "pH", "Acidosis (< 7.35) or Alkalosis (> 7.45)?"], ["2", "PaCO₂", "Respiratory cause? (↑CO₂ = acidosis; ↓CO₂ = alkalosis)"], ["3", "HCO₃⁻", "Metabolic cause? (↑HCO₃ = alkalosis; ↓HCO₃ = acidosis)"], ["4", "Compensation", "Is the body compensating for the primary problem?"], ])) story.append(sp(6)) story.append(two_col_table( ["Measures <b>SpO₂</b> (oxygen saturation)", "Normal: <b>95 – 100%</b>", "Non-invasive & easy to use", "<b>Cannot</b> measure CO₂", "Limitations: poor circulation, nail polish, CO poisoning"], ["Measures <b>end-tidal CO₂ (ETCO₂)</b>", "Normal: <b>35 – 45 mmHg</b>", "Confirms correct tube placement", "Monitors CPR effectiveness", "Flat line = apnoea | High = hypoventilation | Low = hyperventilation"], "Pulse Oximetry", "Capnography" )) story.append(sp(8)) # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # 6. Airway Management # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story.append(section_header("5", "Airway Opening & Protection")) story.append(sp(6)) story.append(abg_table([ ["Method", "Details", "When Used"], ["Head tilt – chin lift", "Basic; tilt head back, lift chin", "First aid, unconscious patient"], ["Jaw thrust", "Push jaw forward; used if neck injury suspected", "Trauma patients"], ["LMA / i-gel (supraglottic)", "Inserted without a scope; easy & quick", "Short procedures, emergencies"], ["Tracheal intubation", "Gold standard; confirm with capnography", "Critical / prolonged ventilation"], ["Cricothyrotomy", "Emergency surgical airway", "Cannot intubate, cannot ventilate"], ])) story.append(sp(8)) # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # 7. Mechanical Ventilation # ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story.append(section_header("6", "Mechanical Ventilation")) story.append(sp(6)) story.append(Paragraph("When is it needed?", h2)) story.append(info_box([ "• Severe hypoxia not responding to oxygen", "• High CO₂ with respiratory distress", "• Respiratory arrest", "• Low level of consciousness (GCS)", ])) story.append(sp(5)) story.append(Paragraph("Ventilator Modes (Simple Summary)", h2)) story.append(sp(3)) story.append(abg_table([ ["Mode", "What you set", "What varies"], ["Volume-Controlled (VCV)", "Tidal volume (amount of air)", "Pressure may vary"], ["Pressure-Controlled (PCV)", "Pressure limit", "Volume may vary"], ["SIMV", "Mix of mandatory + patient breaths", "Combination"], ])) story.append(sp(5)) story.append(Paragraph("PEEP — Positive End-Expiratory Pressure", h3)) story.append(info_box([ "• Keeps alveoli open at the end of each breath — prevents collapse", "• Improves oxygenation | Normal setting: <b>5 cm H₂O</b>", "• Risks: barotrauma (pressure injury to lungs), low blood pressure", ])) story.append(sp(5)) story.append(Paragraph("Complications of Mechanical Ventilation", h3)) story.append(info_box([ "• Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)", "• Barotrauma (air leak)", "• Low blood pressure", "• Ventilator-induced lung injury", ], bg=LIGHT_ORANGE, border=ORANGE)) story.append(sp(4)) story.append(Paragraph("Ventilator Care Bundle (5 Things Every Day)", h3)) story.append(info_box([ "1. Head of bed elevated <b>30 – 45°</b>", "2. Daily sedation break (wake-up trial)", "3. DVT prophylaxis (blood clot prevention)", "4. Oral care with <b>chlorhexidine</b>", "5. Daily assessment for <b>extubation readiness</b>", ], bg=LIGHT_GREEN, border=ACCENT_TEAL)) story.append(sp(10)) # ── Footer note ───────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(HRFlowable(width=W, thickness=0.5, color=colors.HexColor("#BDC3C7"))) story.append(sp(4)) story.append(Paragraph( "These notes are a simplified summary for study purposes. Always refer to your textbook or clinical guidelines for full detail.", note_style)) doc.build(story) print("PDF created successfully!") PYEOF