Giver me explanation and answer of last question
DALY & QALY Calculation
The last question asks to calculate DALY and QALY for a male diagnosed with oral cancer at age 40.
Given Information:
- Age at diagnosis: 40 years
- Age at death: 50 years
- Average life expectancy in his country: 70 years
- Had he taken medical intervention, he would have survived till: 60 years
DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life Years)
DALY = Years of Life Lost (YLL) + Years Lost due to Disability (YLD)
In this simplified version (commonly used in MCQ-based exams), DALY focuses on YLL:
YLL = Life expectancy − Age at deathYLL = 70 − 40 = 30 years
So, DALY = 30
(He died at 50, but for DALY we calculate from the standard life expectancy of 70 minus the age at which the disease caused premature death — here, age 40 when the fatal disease was contracted, giving 30 lost years.)
QALY (Quality-Adjusted Life Years)
QALY = Years of life gained with intervention × Quality of life weight
In exam-style questions, QALY represents the extra years gained due to medical intervention (assuming full quality = 1):
Without intervention: died at 50 With intervention: survived till 60Extra years gained = 60 − 50 = 10 years
So, QALY = 10
Answer: c. 30, 10 ✓
| Measure | Formula | Calculation | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| DALY | Life expectancy − Age at diagnosis | 70 − 40 | 30 |
| QALY | Survival with intervention − Survival without | 60 − 50 | 10 |
Key concept: DALY measures the burden of disease (years lost to premature death relative to life expectancy), while QALY measures the benefit of a medical intervention (extra years of quality life gained).
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