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What's in your notes above:

📁 File 1 - Pre-testing, Validity & Reliability (PPTX)

• Pre-testing: what it is, 2 methods (Focus Groups vs Respondent Interviews), pilot study
• 4 Types of Validity: Face → Content → Construct (Convergent + Discriminant) → Criterion (Concurrent + Predictive) - all with examples from your slides
• 5 Methods of Reliability: Test-Retest, Inter-rater (Kappa), Internal Consistency (Cronbach's α), Split-Half, Parallel Forms
• The classic Validity vs Reliability bullseye diagram explained in words

📁 File 2 - Choosing Statistical Methods

• Variable types, parametric vs non-parametric
• Normality tests (Shapiro-Wilk vs Kolmogorov-Smirnov)
• The full statistical test selection table (t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, Fisher's, etc.)
• Chi-square vs Fisher's exact criteria
• Confounding, interaction effects, p-hacking, clinical vs statistical significance

📁 File 3 - Citation & References

• Vancouver style (most important for MBBS/PSM) with format and examples
• APA style format and examples
• Bibliography vs References
• Citation software

📁 File 4 - Literature Review

• Purpose, table template format, the assignment

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📖 LITERATURE REVIEW - COMPLETE NOTES

(From your Literature Review PDF - every slide read!)

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🔍 What is a Literature Review?

"A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources on a specific topic."

• Identify relevant theories
• Identify methods already used
• Find gaps in existing research
• Apply findings to your own research or thesis

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🎯 Purpose of Literature Review (5 purposes)

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📋 5 KEY STEPS to Writing a Literature Review

Step 1: Search for relevant literature
Step 2: Evaluate sources
Step 3: Identify themes, debates, and gaps
Step 4: Outline the structure
Step 5: Write your literature review

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STEP 1: Search for Relevant Literature

• What to search?
• Where to search?
• How to search?
• Who will help?
• Who is the expert in your department, hospital, or locally?
• What basic knowledge is needed?

• Online OR Offline
• From: Journal articles, Book chapters, Conference papers, Reports, Reviews

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🔑 Boolean Search (Very Important!)

• Fever AND Joint Pain → 4,432 results
• Fever AND "Joint Pain" → 780 results (exact phrase, fewer)
• (Fever AND joint pain) OR chills → 16,774 results (more because OR)
• Typhoid fever NOT children → 10,758 results (removed children papers)

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STEP 2: Evaluate and Select Sources

1. What question or problem is the author addressing?
2. What are the key concepts and how are they defined?
3. What are the key theories, models, and methods?
4. Does the research use established frameworks or take an innovative approach?
5. What are the results and conclusions of the study?
6. How does the publication relate to other literature in the field?
7. Does it confirm, add to, or challenge established knowledge?
8. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the research?

Remember: Take notes and cite your sources (APA or Vancouver Style)

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STEP 3: Identify Themes, Debates, and Gaps

• Common themes (what do many studies agree on?)
• Debates (what do studies disagree on?)
• Gaps (what has NOT been studied yet? - this justifies YOUR study)

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STEP 4: Outline the Structure

• Most common in PSM research: Thematic structure

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STEP 5: Write Your Literature Review

• Clearly establish the focus and purpose of the review
• State what the review will cover

• Summarize and synthesize the articles
• Analyze and interpret the findings
• Critically evaluate the sources
• Write in well-structured paragraphs

• Summarize key findings from the literature
• Emphasize their significance to your research

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📊 Conceptual Framework

What is a Conceptual Framework?

1. To clarify concepts and propose relationships among concepts in a study
2. To explain observations
3. To provide context for interpreting study findings
4. To encourage theory development useful to practice

• Demographics (Age, Civil Status, Education, Family order, Economic status) → Self-Esteem (High/Moderate/Low) → Parenting Styles (Authoritative/Democratic/Permissive)

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📝 Literature Review Summary Table (Template)

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⚡ QUICK SUMMARY - LITERATURE REVIEW

Definition → Survey of scholarly sources on a specific topic

Purpose (5) → Familiarity, Framework, Position work, 
              Address gaps, Evaluate current state

5 Steps → Search → Evaluate → Identify themes → Outline → Write

Search engines → PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus

Boolean operators → AND (narrows), OR (broadens), NOT (excludes)

Structure types → Chronological, Thematic, Methodological, Theoretical

Writing format → Introduction + Body + Conclusion

Table columns → Author/Year, Title, Objective, Methodology, 
                Key Findings, Conclusion

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🧠 MNEMONICS FOR LITERATURE REVIEW

1. 5 Steps: "Some Elephants In Our World" = Search, Evaluate, Identify, Outline, Write
2. Boolean operators: "And Or Not" = AND narrows, OR opens, NOT removes (AON)
3. 4 Structure types: "Cows Think More Than" = Chronological, Thematic, Methodological, Theoretical
4. Table columns: "A-T-O-M-K-C" = Author, Title, Objective, Methodology, Key findings, Conclusion

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• Name and explain the 5 steps of a literature review - you have all 5 with details
• What is Boolean search? Give examples - AND/OR/NOT all explained
• What are the types of structure? - Chronological, Thematic, Methodological, Theoretical
• Draw/describe the table template for summarizing literature
• What is a conceptual framework and its purpose? - all 4 purposes ready

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