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rom of upper limb

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normal range of motion upper extremity shoulder elbow wrist fingers degrees reference

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Normal range of motion (ROM) of the upper limb

Values are approximate adult reference ranges and should be compared with the opposite side. Measurement method and age can cause variation.
JointMovementNormal ROM
ShoulderFlexion0-180°
Extension0-45 to 60°
Abduction0-150 to 180°
Adduction0-30 to 45°
External rotation0-90°
Internal rotation0-70 to 90°
ElbowFlexion0-150°
Extension0°
ForearmPronation0-80 to 90°
Supination0-80 to 90°
WristFlexion (palmar flexion)0-80°
Extension (dorsiflexion)0-70°
Radial deviation0-20°
Ulnar deviation0-30 to 40°
ThumbMCP flexion0-50°
IP flexion0-80°
Abductionabout 0-70°
Fingers II-VMCP flexion0-90°
PIP flexion0-100°
DIP flexion0-70 to 90°
Normal shoulder range of motion diagram
For shoulder examination, the medical text describes flexion as 180°, extension 45-60°, abduction around 150°, and external rotation 90°. Internal rotation may also be recorded by the highest spinal level the thumb can reach behind the back. Firestein & Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology, p. 883. Population reference values for shoulder and elbow movement also vary with age and sex in the CDC ROM reference data.
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