1. Introduction. The value of the experimental method in the pathophysiology. Modeling pathological processes. General nosology. Etiology. Pathogenesis. Environmental and Nutritional Disease.
Reading File
This is a broad introductory pathophysiology unit. It can be divided into:
- Experimental method in pathophysiology
- Purpose, strengths, limitations, and ethical aspects of experiments.
- Modeling pathological processes
- Animal, cellular, mathematical, and simulation models; validity and limitations.
- General nosology
- Definitions and classification of health, disease, pathological reaction, process, condition, and typical pathological process.
- Etiology
- Causes and risk factors of disease, including external and internal causes; causation versus predisposition.
- Pathogenesis
- Mechanisms of disease development, causal chains, feedback loops, local versus systemic effects, and compensatory responses.
- Environmental disease
- Disease caused or influenced by physical, chemical, biological, occupational, and social environmental exposures.
- Nutritional disease
- Undernutrition, overnutrition, protein-energy malnutrition, vitamin and mineral deficiency or excess, and diet-related disease.
At a high level, pathophysiology explains how disease develops and produces functional changes. Experimental models help investigate mechanisms that cannot always be studied directly in humans. Etiology asks “what causes the disease?”, while pathogenesis asks “by what sequence of mechanisms does it develop?”
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