Developmental milestones with videos
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Developmental Milestones
Sources: The Harriet Lane Handbook (23rd ed.), Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, CDC guidelines
Domains of Development
Every milestone assessment tracks four domains:
- Social/Emotional - attachment, play, self-regulation
- Language/Communication - receptive and expressive language
- Cognitive - thinking, learning, problem-solving
- Movement/Physical - gross motor and fine motor
Milestone Table by Age
🍼 2 Months
| Domain | Milestone |
|---|---|
| Social/Emotional | Calms when spoken to or picked up; smiles when you smile at her |
| Language | Makes sounds other than crying; reacts to loud sounds |
| Cognitive | Watches you move; looks at a toy for several seconds |
| Motor | Holds head up while on tummy; opens hands briefly |
🍼 4 Months
| Domain | Milestone |
|---|---|
| Social/Emotional | Smiles on own to get attention; chuckles when you try to make him laugh |
| Language | Cooing sounds ("ooo", "aahh"); turns head toward your voice |
| Cognitive | Opens mouth when sees breast/bottle if hungry |
| Motor | Holds head steady; holds a toy placed in hand; pushes onto elbows/forearms on tummy |
🍼 6 Months
| Domain | Milestone |
|---|---|
| Social/Emotional | Knows familiar people; laughs; likes mirror |
| Language | Takes turns making sounds; blows "raspberries"; squealing |
| Cognitive | Puts things in mouth to explore; reaches for toys |
| Motor | Rolls tummy to back; pushes up with straight arms; leans on hands when sitting |
🍼 9 Months
| Domain | Milestone |
|---|---|
| Social/Emotional | Stranger anxiety; multiple facial expressions; smiles at peek-a-boo |
| Language | Babbles: "mamama," "bababa"; lifts arms to be picked up |
| Cognitive | Object permanence beginning (looks for dropped objects); bangs two things together |
| Motor | Sits without support; transfers objects hand to hand; rakes food with fingers |
👶 12 Months
| Domain | Milestone |
|---|---|
| Social/Emotional | Plays pat-a-cake |
| Language | Waves bye-bye; says "mama"/"dada" with meaning; understands "no" |
| Cognitive | Puts objects in a container; searches for hidden toy |
| Motor | Pulls to stand; cruises furniture; pincer grasp; drinks from cup (held) |
👶 15 Months
| Domain | Milestone |
|---|---|
| Social/Emotional | Copies other children; hugs stuffed toys; shows affection |
| Language | 1-2 words besides "mama"/"dada"; points to request help |
| Cognitive | Uses objects correctly (spoon, cup); stacks 2 blocks |
| Motor | Walks independently; scribbles |
🧒 18 Months
| Domain | Milestone |
|---|---|
| Social/Emotional | Moves away from caregiver, checks back |
| Language | ~10 words; says "no" and shakes head |
| Cognitive | Pretend play begins (feeding a doll) |
| Motor | Walks up stairs with help; drinks from a cup |
🧒 24 Months (2 Years)
| Domain | Milestone |
|---|---|
| Social/Emotional | Notices when others are hurt; checks your face in new situations |
| Language | At least 2-word phrases ("more milk"); points to 2 body parts |
| Cognitive | Holds one thing while using other hand; plays with 2 toys at once |
| Motor | Kicks a ball; runs; walks up stairs; eats with a spoon |
🧒 30 Months
| Domain | Milestone |
|---|---|
| Social/Emotional | Plays alongside other children; shows off ("Look at me!") |
| Language | ~50 words; two-word sentences with action word ("doggie run"); uses "I/me" |
| Cognitive | Pretend play; follows 2-step instructions; knows 1 color |
| Motor | Jumps off ground; turns book pages one at a time; twists doorknobs |
🧒 3 Years
| Domain | Milestone |
|---|---|
| Social/Emotional | Calms within 10 min of caregiver leaving; joins other children to play |
| Language | 2+ back-and-forth exchanges; asks "who/what/where/why"; says first name |
| Cognitive | Draws a circle; avoids danger when warned |
| Motor | Strings beads; uses a fork; puts on loose clothing |
🧒 4 Years
| Domain | Milestone |
|---|---|
| Social/Emotional | Pretend play (teacher, superhero); comforts hurt friends; changes behavior by setting |
| Language | Sentences with 4+ words; recounts daily events; answers simple questions |
| Cognitive | Names some colors/numbers; understands basic rules of games |
| Motor | Catches a bounced ball; buttons some buttons |
🧒 5 Years
| Domain | Milestone |
|---|---|
| Social/Emotional | Follows rules in games; sings/dances/performs; does simple chores |
| Language | Tells a story with 2+ events; keeps a conversation 3+ exchanges; uses simple rhymes |
| Cognitive | Counts to 10; uses time words ("yesterday," "tomorrow"); writes some letters |
| Motor | Hops on one foot; buttons buttons |
Primitive Reflexes (Newborn)
These disappear as the nervous system matures (Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis, p. 2756):
| Reflex | Description | Disappears |
|---|---|---|
| Moro (startle) | Arms abduct/extend when startled | By 4 months |
| Grasp | Fingers close on palmar stimulation | By 4 months |
| Tonic neck | Head rotation causes arm/leg extension ipsilaterally | By 4 months |
| Babinski | Toes spread when sole is stroked | By 12 months |
| Rooting | Lip puckering toward perioral stimulation | 4-6 months |
Key Developmental Red Flags
(Harriet Lane, Table 9.4 — any of these warrants immediate evaluation)
- No social smile by 3 months
- No babbling by 12 months
- No single words by 16 months
- No 2-word phrases by 24 months
- Any loss of previously acquired language or social skills at any age
- No walking by 18 months
Developmental Screening Guidelines (AAP)
- Surveillance at every well-child visit
- Formal screening at 9, 18, and 30 months (or 24 months if 30-month visit unavailable)
- Autism-specific screening at 18 and 24 months
Recommended Videos
Three excellent free resources ranked by clinical utility:
1. Full milestone walk-through with mnemonics (Rhesus Medicine, 2025 - 10 min)
2. Pediatric Nursing milestones from birth to 4 years with NCLEX tips (SimpleNursing)
3. Infant milestones 0-12 months with "BABIES" mnemonic (RegisteredNurseRN - 1M+ views)
Sources:
- Harriet Lane Handbook, 23rd ed., Table 9.1 - CDC Evidence-Informed Milestones
- Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, pp. 2756-2790 - Landmarks of Normal Behavioral Development
- CDC "Learn the Signs. Act Early." milestone guidelines
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