# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib.units import cm
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.platypus import (SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Image, Table,
                                 TableStyle, PageBreak, ListFlowable, ListItem, HRFlowable)
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT
import os

ASSETS = "/tmp/workspace/pneumothorax-guide/assets"
OUT = "/tmp/workspace/pneumothorax-guide/output/Pneumothorax_Reference_Guide.pdf"

styles = getSampleStyleSheet()

title_style = ParagraphStyle('TitleX', parent=styles['Title'], fontSize=22, textColor=colors.HexColor('#1a3c5e'), spaceAfter=6)
subtitle_style = ParagraphStyle('Subtitle', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=11, textColor=colors.HexColor('#555555'), alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=14)
h2 = ParagraphStyle('H2', parent=styles['Heading2'], fontSize=15, textColor=colors.HexColor('#1a3c5e'), spaceBefore=14, spaceAfter=8)
h3 = ParagraphStyle('H3', parent=styles['Heading3'], fontSize=12.5, textColor=colors.HexColor('#2e6da4'), spaceBefore=10, spaceAfter=6)
body = ParagraphStyle('Body', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=10, leading=14, spaceAfter=6)
caption = ParagraphStyle('Caption', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=8.5, leading=11, textColor=colors.HexColor('#444444'), alignment=TA_LEFT, spaceAfter=4)
warn = ParagraphStyle('Warn', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=9.5, leading=13, textColor=colors.HexColor('#7a1f1f'), spaceAfter=6, backColor=colors.HexColor('#fdeaea'), borderPadding=8)

doc = SimpleDocTemplate(OUT, pagesize=A4, topMargin=1.6*cm, bottomMargin=1.6*cm, leftMargin=1.8*cm, rightMargin=1.8*cm)
flow = []

# ---------- Title ----------
flow.append(Paragraph("Pneumothorax: Chest X-Ray Reference & Comparison Guide", title_style))
flow.append(Paragraph("Quick visual and diagnostic reference for identifying pneumothorax on plain chest radiographs", subtitle_style))
flow.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", color=colors.HexColor('#1a3c5e'), thickness=1))
flow.append(Spacer(1, 10))

# ---------- What is a pneumothorax ----------
flow.append(Paragraph("1. What Is a Pneumothorax?", h2))
flow.append(Paragraph(
    "A pneumothorax is air trapped in the pleural space between the visceral and parietal pleura, causing partial or "
    "complete collapse of the underlying lung. On a plain chest radiograph, the diagnosis rests on identifying the "
    "<b>visceral pleural line</b> with an absence of lung (bronchovascular) markings peripheral to that line.", body))

# ---------- Key radiographic signs ----------
flow.append(Paragraph("2. Key Radiographic Signs", h2))
signs = [
    ("Visceral pleural line", "A thin white line, usually curving concentrically with the chest wall, representing the edge of the collapsed lung."),
    ("Absent lung markings peripherally", "The most reliable sign - no vessels or bronchial markings are seen between the pleural line and the chest wall (uniformly black/hyperlucent zone)."),
    ("Deep sulcus sign", "On a supine film, air collects anteriorly/basally, producing an abnormally deep, lucent costophrenic angle."),
    ("Mediastinal shift", "Seen in tension pneumothorax - trachea and mediastinum pushed away from the affected side; a medical emergency."),
    ("Flattened hemidiaphragm", "Increased intrathoracic pressure on the affected side can flatten or invert the diaphragm."),
    ("Skin-fold mimic (pitfall)", "Skin folds, scapular borders, and bedsheet/clothing creases can produce a straight line that mimics a pleural edge - but true lung markings continue beyond it and it often extends past the rib cage margin."),
]
for t, d in signs:
    flow.append(Paragraph(f"<b>{t}:</b> {d}", body))

flow.append(PageBreak())

# ---------- Comparison table ----------
flow.append(Paragraph("3. True Pneumothorax vs. Common Mimics", h2))
data = [
    ["Feature", "True Pneumothorax", "Skin Fold / Fissure / Rib Overlap"],
    ["Lung markings beyond the line", "Absent - uniformly black zone", "Present - vessels continue to chest wall"],
    ["Line shape", "Gentle curve, follows lung/pleural contour", "Often straighter or oblique"],
    ["Extends past rib cage margin", "No - stays within thorax", "Often yes, into soft tissue"],
    ["Associated findings", "Mediastinal shift, flattened diaphragm, deep sulcus sign (if tension)", "None"],
    ["Location typical", "Apical (erect film) or anterior/basal (supine film)", "Anywhere, follows skin/clothing crease or normal fissure plane"],
]
tbl = Table(data, colWidths=[4.3*cm, 6.0*cm, 6.0*cm])
tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,0), colors.HexColor('#1a3c5e')),
    ('TEXTCOLOR', (0,0), (-1,0), colors.white),
    ('FONTSIZE', (0,0), (-1,-1), 8.7),
    ('FONTNAME', (0,0), (-1,0), 'Helvetica-Bold'),
    ('GRID', (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, colors.HexColor('#cccccc')),
    ('VALIGN', (0,0), (-1,-1), 'TOP'),
    ('ROWBACKGROUNDS', (0,1), (-1,-1), [colors.white, colors.HexColor('#f2f6fa')]),
    ('LEFTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
    ('RIGHTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
    ('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
    ('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
]))
flow.append(tbl)
flow.append(Spacer(1, 14))

# ---------- Image gallery ----------
flow.append(Paragraph("4. Reference Images", h2))

def img_block(path, title, desc):
    elems = []
    elems.append(Paragraph(title, h3))
    try:
        elems.append(Image(path, width=11*cm, height=8.2*cm))
    except Exception as e:
        elems.append(Paragraph(f"[image unavailable: {e}]", caption))
    elems.append(Paragraph(desc, caption))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 10))
    return elems

flow += img_block(
    os.path.join(ASSETS, "img1.jpg"),
    "A. Large total right-sided pneumothorax (PA view)",
    "Marked hyperlucency of the right hemithorax with complete absence of bronchovascular markings between the chest "
    "wall and the sharp visceral pleural line. The collapsed lung appears as a dense shrunken mass near the hilum. "
    "Mediastinum remains midline - no tension physiology at the time of imaging."
)
flow.append(PageBreak())

flow += img_block(
    os.path.join(ASSETS, "img2.jpg"),
    "B. Right pneumothorax with mediastinal shift (tension features)",
    "Portable AP film; arrows (in original source) marked the visceral pleural line. Trachea and mediastinum are "
    "shifted toward the left, indicating a mass effect from positive intrapleural pressure - a warning sign of "
    "evolving tension pneumothorax requiring urgent decompression."
)

flow += img_block(
    os.path.join(ASSETS, "img3.jpg"),
    "C. Smaller/partial right pneumothorax with pigtail catheter in situ",
    "Visible pleural line with absent markings in the right upper/mid periphery; a pigtail drainage catheter is "
    "already placed. Useful for comparing a more subtle, partial pneumothorax against the large examples above."
)
flow.append(PageBreak())

flow += img_block(
    os.path.join(ASSETS, "img4.jpg"),
    "D. Left-sided pneumothorax with concurrent lung disease",
    "Large area of hyperlucency in the left hemithorax with a distinct thin pleural edge; the lung has partially "
    "collapsed toward the hilum. Note bilateral patchy opacities from underlying parenchymal disease - pneumothorax "
    "can coexist with pneumonia/ARDS and still be identified by the same core sign (absent markings beyond the pleural line)."
)

flow += img_block(
    os.path.join(ASSETS, "img5.jpg"),
    "E. Pneumothorax on CT vs. chest X-ray (composite)",
    "Axial, coronal and sagittal CT views alongside a corresponding chest X-ray of the same patient. CT clearly "
    "resolves the pleural air collection and lung collapse; the plain film shows the same pathology as a hyperlucent "
    "zone but with less anatomical detail - illustrating why CT is used when the X-ray is equivocal."
)

flow.append(PageBreak())

# ---------- Quick checklist ----------
flow.append(Paragraph("5. Quick Bedside Checklist", h2))
checklist = [
    "Is there a line that curves with the chest wall, or is it straight/oblique (favors artifact)?",
    "Are lung markings visible beyond the line? If yes -> not a pneumothorax.",
    "Does the line extend past the rib cage into soft tissue? If yes -> likely skin fold.",
    "Is the trachea/mediastinum shifted away from the suspected side? If yes -> possible tension pneumothorax, treat as emergency.",
    "Is the hemidiaphragm flattened, or is there an abnormally deep costophrenic sulcus (supine film)? Suggests pneumothorax.",
    "When in doubt, or if clinical suspicion is high (chest pain, breathlessness, trauma, recent line/procedure) despite an equivocal film, escalate for CT or urgent radiologist review - do not rely on a single static image."
]
flow.append(ListFlowable([ListItem(Paragraph(c, body)) for c in checklist], bulletType='1'))

flow.append(Spacer(1, 12))
flow.append(Paragraph(
    "Disclaimer: This guide is an educational quick-reference summarizing general radiographic teaching points and "
    "publicly sourced clinical teaching images. It is not a diagnostic tool and does not replace formal interpretation "
    "by a qualified radiologist/clinician correlated with the patient's clinical presentation.", warn))

doc.build(flow)
print("PDF built at", OUT)