cd /home/daytona/workspace && python3 -c " import pdfplumber with pdfplumber.open('attachments/e93075ad-6052-4b7d-a218-b9ae1cc3e60d/Circulatory system.pdf') as pdf: print(f'Pages: {len(pdf.pages)}') for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages): print(f'--- PAGE {i+1} ---') text = page.extract_text() if text: print(text[:3000]) print() "

mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace/circulatory-flowcharts && python3 << 'PYEOF' from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4 from reportlab.lib import colors from reportlab.lib.units import cm, mm from reportlab.pdfgen import canvas from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle from reportlab.platypus import Paragraph from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT import math W, H = A4 # 595.27, 841.89 # ─── Color Palette ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── RED = colors.HexColor("#C0392B") DARK_RED = colors.HexColor("#922B21") BLUE = colors.HexColor("#2980B9") DARK_BLUE = colors.HexColor("#1A5276") GREEN = colors.HexColor("#27AE60") DARK_GREEN= colors.HexColor("#1E8449") PURPLE = colors.HexColor("#8E44AD") DARK_PURP = colors.HexColor("#6C3483") ORANGE = colors.HexColor("#E67E22") DARK_ORAN = colors.HexColor("#BA6006") TEAL = colors.HexColor("#16A085") DARK_TEAL = colors.HexColor("#0E6655") BG = colors.HexColor("#F8F9FA") LIGHT_GRAY= colors.HexColor("#ECF0F1") DARK_GRAY = colors.HexColor("#2C3E50") WHITE = colors.white ARROW_CLR = colors.HexColor("#555555") def draw_rounded_box(c, x, y, w, h, fill_color, stroke_color, radius=8, label=None, sub=None, font_size=9, sub_size=7.5, text_color=WHITE): c.setFillColor(fill_color) c.setStrokeColor(stroke_color) c.setLineWidth(1.5) c.roundRect(x, y, w, h, radius, fill=1, stroke=1) if label: c.setFillColor(text_color) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", font_size) lines = label.split('\n') total_h = len(lines) * (font_size + 2) start_y = y + h/2 + total_h/2 - font_size if sub: start_y += 5 for i, line in enumerate(lines): c.drawCentredString(x + w/2, start_y - i*(font_size+2), line) if sub: c.setFont("Helvetica", sub_size) c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#DDDDDD")) sub_lines = sub.split('\n') sub_start = y + h/2 - total_h/2 - 2 for i, sl in enumerate(sub_lines): c.drawCentredString(x + w/2, sub_start - i*(sub_size+1.5), sl) def draw_diamond(c, cx, cy, w, h, fill_color, stroke_color, label=None, font_size=8): pts = [cx, cy+h/2, cx+w/2, cy, cx, cy-h/2, cx-w/2, cy] path = c.beginPath() path.moveTo(pts[0], pts[1]) path.lineTo(pts[2], pts[3]) path.lineTo(pts[4], pts[5]) path.lineTo(pts[6], pts[7]) path.close() c.setFillColor(fill_color) c.setStrokeColor(stroke_color) c.setLineWidth(1.5) c.drawPath(path, fill=1, stroke=1) if label: c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", font_size) lines = label.split('\n') for i, line in enumerate(lines): c.drawCentredString(cx, cy + (len(lines)-1)/2*(font_size+1) - i*(font_size+1), line) def arrow(c, x1, y1, x2, y2, color=ARROW_CLR, label=None, label_offset=(0,4)): c.setStrokeColor(color) c.setLineWidth(1.4) c.line(x1, y1, x2, y2) # arrowhead angle = math.atan2(y2-y1, x2-x1) asz = 6 for da in [0.4, -0.4]: ax = x2 - asz*math.cos(angle - da) ay = y2 - asz*math.sin(angle - da) c.line(x2, y2, ax, ay) if label: mx, my = (x1+x2)/2 + label_offset[0], (y1+y2)/2 + label_offset[1] c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.setFont("Helvetica", 7) c.drawCentredString(mx, my, label) def page_title(c, title, subtitle=None): # header bar c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.rect(0, H-50, W, 50, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 16) c.drawCentredString(W/2, H-32, title) if subtitle: c.setFont("Helvetica", 9) c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#BDC3C7")) c.drawCentredString(W/2, H-44, subtitle) # footer c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.rect(0, 0, W, 18, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#BDC3C7")) c.setFont("Helvetica", 7) c.drawCentredString(W/2, 5, "Source: THIEME Atlas of Anatomy – General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System") # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ out = "/home/daytona/workspace/circulatory-flowcharts/Circulatory_System_Flowcharts.pdf" c = canvas.Canvas(out, pagesize=A4) # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # PAGE 1 – OVERVIEW OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ c.setFillColor(BG) c.rect(0, 0, W, H, fill=1, stroke=0) page_title(c, "THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM – OVERVIEW", "THIEME Atlas of Anatomy | Sections 6.1 – 6.3") bw, bh = 200, 36 lm = (W - bw) / 2 # Box helper def box(label, y, fc, sc, sub=None): draw_rounded_box(c, lm, y, bw, bh, fc, sc, label=label, sub=sub, font_size=9) # Flow boxes top → bottom rows = [ (780, "CIRCULATORY SYSTEM", DARK_GRAY, colors.HexColor("#1A252F"), None), (730, "Central Pump: HEART", DARK_RED, RED, None), ] for y, lbl, fc, sc, sub in rows: box(lbl, y, fc, sc, sub) arrow(c, W/2, 780, W/2, 766) arrow(c, W/2, 730, W/2, 716) # Three components branching out bw3 = 155; bh3 = 36; gap = 18 total3 = 3*bw3 + 2*gap lx3 = (W - total3)/2 y3 = 680 boxes3 = [ ("Vascular System\n(Arteries, Capillaries, Veins)", RED, colors.HexColor("#7B241C")), ("Heart\n(Central Pump)", BLUE, DARK_BLUE), ("Lymphatic System\n(Parallel to veins)", GREEN, DARK_GREEN), ] cx_list = [] for i,(lbl,fc,sc) in enumerate(boxes3): bx = lx3 + i*(bw3+gap) cx_list.append(bx + bw3/2) draw_rounded_box(c, bx, y3, bw3, bh3, fc, sc, label=lbl, font_size=8) # arrows from heart centre box hcx = W/2 for cx in cx_list: arrow(c, hcx, 716, cx, y3+bh3) # Arrow rule box ry = 630 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#FEF9E7")) c.setStrokeColor(colors.HexColor("#F39C12")) c.setLineWidth(1.2) c.roundRect(50, ry, W-100, 38, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#7D6608")) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8.5) c.drawCentredString(W/2, ry+24, "KEY RULE:") c.setFont("Helvetica", 8) c.drawCentredString(W/2, ry+11, "Arteries = vessels AWAY from heart | Veins = vessels TOWARD heart (regardless of O₂ content)") # Two circuits side by side arrow(c, W/2, ry, W/2, ry-14) y4 = 560; bw4=200; bh4=44; gap4=30 lx4 = (W - 2*bw4 - gap4)/2 # Pulmonary draw_rounded_box(c, lx4, y4, bw4, bh4, RED, DARK_RED, label="PULMONARY\nCIRCULATION", sub="Right side of heart → Lungs", font_size=10, sub_size=7.5) # Systemic draw_rounded_box(c, lx4+bw4+gap4, y4, bw4, bh4, BLUE, DARK_BLUE, label="SYSTEMIC\nCIRCULATION", sub="Left side of heart → Body", font_size=10, sub_size=7.5) for dx in [lx4+bw4/2, lx4+bw4+gap4+bw4/2]: arrow(c, W/2, ry-14, dx, y4+bh4) # sub boxes pulmonary sy = 490; sbw=170; sbh=32 # pulmonary path psteps=[("Deoxygenated blood from body",RED), ("Superior/Inferior Vena Cava → Right Atrium",RED), ("Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Arteries",RED), ("Lungs: O₂ received",colors.HexColor("#E74C3C"))] for i,(txt,fc) in enumerate(psteps): by = sy - i*40 draw_rounded_box(c, lx4+(bw4-sbw)/2, by, sbw, sbh, fc, colors.HexColor("#7B241C"), label=txt, font_size=7) if i < len(psteps)-1: arrow(c, lx4+bw4/2, by, lx4+bw4/2, by-8) # systemic path ssteps=[("Oxygenated blood from lungs",BLUE), ("Pulmonary Veins → Left Atrium",BLUE), ("Left Ventricle → Aorta",BLUE), ("Body Tissues + Portal Circulation",colors.HexColor("#1F618D"))] rx = lx4+bw4+gap4 for i,(txt,fc) in enumerate(ssteps): by = sy - i*40 draw_rounded_box(c, rx+(bw4-sbw)/2, by, sbw, sbh, fc, DARK_BLUE, label=txt, font_size=7) if i < len(ssteps)-1: arrow(c, rx+bw4/2, by, rx+bw4/2, by-8) # arrows from circuit header to first sub box arrow(c, lx4+bw4/2, y4, lx4+bw4/2, sy+sbh) arrow(c, rx+bw4/2, y4, rx+bw4/2, sy+sbh) # Portal note pnote_y = 300 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#EAF2F8")) c.setStrokeColor(BLUE) c.setLineWidth(1) c.roundRect(50, pnote_y, W-100, 52, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(DARK_BLUE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8.5) c.drawCentredString(W/2, pnote_y+39, "PORTAL CIRCULATION (Special Sub-Circuit)") c.setFont("Helvetica", 7.5) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.drawCentredString(W/2, pnote_y+25, "Venous blood from stomach, bowel, pancreas, spleen") c.drawCentredString(W/2, pnote_y+13, "→ Portal Vein → Liver (filtration & metabolism) → Hepatic Veins → Inferior Vena Cava") # Figure-of-8 note fn_y = 245 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#FDFEFE")) c.setStrokeColor(DARK_GRAY) c.setLineWidth(0.8) c.roundRect(50, fn_y, W-100, 32, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.setFont("Helvetica-Oblique", 8) c.drawCentredString(W/2, fn_y+19, "Postnatal human circulation can be illustrated as a figure-of-eight (∞),") c.drawCentredString(W/2, fn_y+7, "with the HEART at the intersection of the two circuits.") c.showPage() # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # PAGE 2 – BLOOD VESSEL STRUCTURE # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ c.setFillColor(BG) c.rect(0, 0, W, H, fill=1, stroke=0) page_title(c, "STRUCTURE OF BLOOD VESSELS", "Three-Layer Wall Architecture | Section 6.2") # Central vessel label cv_y = 730 draw_rounded_box(c, (W-220)/2, cv_y, 220, 40, DARK_GRAY, colors.HexColor("#1A252F"), label="BLOOD VESSEL WALL", font_size=12) arrow(c, W/2, cv_y, W/2, cv_y-14) # Three layers ly = cv_y - 70 layers = [ ("TUNICA INTIMA\n(Innermost Layer)", RED, DARK_RED, "• Endothelial cells (spindle-shaped)\n• Basement membrane\n• Subendothelial connective tissue\n• Internal elastic membrane\n (in muscular arteries)\nFUNCTION: Gas, fluid & substance exchange"), ("TUNICA MEDIA\n(Middle Layer)", ORANGE, DARK_ORAN, "• Smooth muscle cells (circular)\n• Elastic & collagenous fibers\n• Proteoglycans\n• External elastic membrane\n (in muscular arteries)\nFUNCTION: Regulates blood flow"), ("TUNICA ADVENTITIA\n(Outermost Layer)", GREEN, DARK_GREEN, "• Longitudinal connective tissue\n• Smooth muscle (in veins)\n• Autonomic nerves\n• Vasa vasorum (large vessels)\nFUNCTION: Integration into\nsurrounding tissue"), ] bw_l = 155; bh_l = 40 total_l = 3*bw_l + 2*18 lx_l = (W-total_l)/2 cx_layers = [] for i,(lbl,fc,sc,_) in enumerate(layers): bx = lx_l + i*(bw_l+18) cx_layers.append(bx + bw_l/2) draw_rounded_box(c, bx, ly, bw_l, bh_l, fc, sc, label=lbl, font_size=8) arrow(c, W/2, cv_y-14, bx+bw_l/2, ly+bh_l) # Detail boxes dy = ly - 130 for i,(lbl,fc,sc,detail) in enumerate(layers): bx = lx_l + i*(bw_l+18) bxd = bx - 5 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#FDFEFE")) c.setStrokeColor(fc) c.setLineWidth(1.2) c.roundRect(bxd, dy, bw_l+10, 120, 6, fill=1, stroke=1) # colored top bar c.setFillColor(fc) c.roundRect(bxd, dy+108, bw_l+10, 14, 4, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 7) c.drawCentredString(bx+bw_l/2, dy+113, lbl.split('\n')[0]) # content c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.setFont("Helvetica", 7) for j, line in enumerate(detail.split('\n')): c.drawString(bxd+6, dy+100 - j*13, line) arrow(c, cx_layers[i], ly, cx_layers[i], dy+120) # Artery vs Vein comparison comp_y = 280 c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.rect(0, comp_y+30, W, 22, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 11) c.drawCentredString(W/2, comp_y+37, "ARTERY vs. VEIN – Structural Differences") bwc = 210; bhc = 90; gapc = 30 lxc = (W - 2*bwc - gapc)/2 # Artery box c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#FDEDEC")) c.setStrokeColor(RED) c.setLineWidth(1.5) c.roundRect(lxc, comp_y-70, bwc, bhc, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(RED) c.roundRect(lxc, comp_y-70+bhc-18, bwc, 18, 4, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 9) c.drawCentredString(lxc+bwc/2, comp_y-70+bhc-6, "ARTERIES") details_a = ["• Thick, dense smooth muscle (media)", "• Prominent internal elastic membrane", "• High-pressure system (~100 mmHg)", "• Carry blood AWAY from heart"] c.setFont("Helvetica", 7.5) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) for j, d in enumerate(details_a): c.drawString(lxc+8, comp_y-70+bhc-30 - j*14, d) # Vein box rxc = lxc+bwc+gapc c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#EAF2F8")) c.setStrokeColor(BLUE) c.setLineWidth(1.5) c.roundRect(rxc, comp_y-70, bwc, bhc, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(BLUE) c.roundRect(rxc, comp_y-70+bhc-18, bwc, 18, 4, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 9) c.drawCentredString(rxc+bwc/2, comp_y-70+bhc-6, "VEINS") details_v = ["• More connective tissue (loose structure)", "• Lacks conspicuous elastic membrane", "• Low-pressure system (< 20 mmHg)", "• Carry blood TOWARD heart"] c.setFont("Helvetica", 7.5) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) for j, d in enumerate(details_v): c.drawString(rxc+8, comp_y-70+bhc-30 - j*14, d) # Pressure systems table tbl_y = 130 c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.rect(40, tbl_y+28, W-80, 22, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 10) c.drawCentredString(W/2, tbl_y+35, "FUNCTIONAL PRESSURE SYSTEMS") rows_t = [("High-Pressure System","~100 mmHg","Supply function","Arteries, arterioles", DARK_RED, colors.HexColor("#FDEDEC")), ("Low-Pressure System","< 20 mmHg","Reservoir function","Veins, lungs (holds ~80% blood vol.)", DARK_BLUE, colors.HexColor("#EAF2F8"))] col_ws = [130,80,100,175] col_xs = [40, 170, 250, 350] row_h = 30 for ri,(sys,pres,role,comp,hdr_c,bg_c) in enumerate(rows_t): ry2 = tbl_y - ri*row_h c.setFillColor(bg_c) c.rect(40, ry2-row_h+8, W-80, row_h, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setStrokeColor(colors.HexColor("#C0C0C0")) c.setLineWidth(0.5) c.rect(40, ry2-row_h+8, W-80, row_h, fill=0, stroke=1) vals = [sys, pres, role, comp] c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold" if ri==0 else "Helvetica", 8) c.setFillColor(hdr_c) c.drawString(col_xs[0]+4, ry2-row_h+16, vals[0]) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) for ci in range(1,4): c.drawString(col_xs[ci]+4, ry2-row_h+16, vals[ci]) c.showPage() # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # PAGE 3 – MICROCIRCULATION & STARLING FORCES # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ c.setFillColor(BG) c.rect(0, 0, W, H, fill=1, stroke=0) page_title(c, "MICROCIRCULATION & STARLING FORCES", "Terminal Vascular Bed | Section 6.3") # Title banner c.setFillColor(TEAL) c.rect(40, 770, W-80, 28, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 11) c.drawCentredString(W/2, 779, "TERMINAL VASCULAR BED – 3 Limbs of Microcirculation") # Three limbs limb_y = 700; limb_bw=140; limb_bh=44; limb_gap=25 total_limb = 3*limb_bw + 2*limb_gap lx_limb = (W-total_limb)/2 limbs = [ ("AFFERENT\nARTERIAL LIMB", RED, DARK_RED, "Precapillary\narterioles"), ("CAPILLARY BED\n(Exchange Zone)", TEAL, DARK_TEAL, "5–15 μm diameter\nendothelium only"), ("EFFERENT\nVENOUS LIMB", BLUE, DARK_BLUE, "Postcapillary\nvenules"), ] cx_limbs=[] for i,(lbl,fc,sc,sub) in enumerate(limbs): bx = lx_limb + i*(limb_bw+limb_gap) cx_limbs.append(bx+limb_bw/2) draw_rounded_box(c, bx, limb_y, limb_bw, limb_bh, fc, sc, label=lbl, sub=sub, font_size=9, sub_size=7) # Arrows between limbs arrow(c, cx_limbs[0]+limb_bw/2, limb_y+limb_bh/2, cx_limbs[1]-limb_bw/2, limb_y+limb_bh/2, label="blood flow →", label_offset=(0,6)) arrow(c, cx_limbs[1]+limb_bw/2, limb_y+limb_bh/2, cx_limbs[2]-limb_bw/2, limb_y+limb_bh/2, label="blood flow →", label_offset=(0,6)) # Capillary detail cd_y = 600 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#E8F8F5")) c.setStrokeColor(TEAL) c.setLineWidth(1.2) c.roundRect(40, cd_y, W-80, 75, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(DARK_TEAL) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 9) c.drawCentredString(W/2, cd_y+60, "CAPILLARY KEY FACTS") cap_facts = [ "• Diameter: 5–15 μm | Wall: endothelium + basal lamina only (+ pericytes)", "• Cross-section: ~800× larger than aorta → Blood flow slows from 50 cm/s → 0.05 cm/s", "• Average capillary length 0.5 mm → ~1 second available for metabolic exchange", "• Precapillary sphincters regulate entry; at rest only 25–35% of capillaries perfused", "• Arteriovenous anastomoses (shunts) allow direct artery → vein bypass", ] c.setFont("Helvetica", 7.5) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) for j,f in enumerate(cap_facts): c.drawString(50, cd_y+48 - j*12, f) # Starling Forces sf_y = 540 c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.rect(40, sf_y, W-80, 24, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 11) c.drawCentredString(W/2, sf_y+8, "STARLING FORCES – Fluid Exchange at Capillaries") # Arterial end ae_x = 55; ae_y = 430; ae_w=200; ae_h=95 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#FDEDEC")) c.setStrokeColor(RED) c.setLineWidth(1.5) c.roundRect(ae_x, ae_y, ae_w, ae_h, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(RED) c.roundRect(ae_x, ae_y+ae_h-18, ae_w, 18, 4, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8.5) c.drawCentredString(ae_x+ae_w/2, ae_y+ae_h-6, "ARTERIAL END") c.setFont("Helvetica", 8) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) for j,t in enumerate(["Hydrostatic pressure = 35 mmHg", "Colloid osmotic pressure = 25 mmHg", "Net pressure = +10 mmHg outward", "→ Fluid FILTERED OUT", " into surrounding tissue"]): c.drawString(ae_x+8, ae_y+ae_h-30 - j*13, t) # Venous end ve_x = W-55-ae_w; ve_y=ae_y c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#EAF2F8")) c.setStrokeColor(BLUE) c.setLineWidth(1.5) c.roundRect(ve_x, ve_y, ae_w, ae_h, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(BLUE) c.roundRect(ve_x, ve_y+ae_h-18, ae_w, 18, 4, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8.5) c.drawCentredString(ve_x+ae_w/2, ve_y+ae_h-6, "VENOUS END") c.setFont("Helvetica", 8) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) for j,t in enumerate(["Hydrostatic pressure = 15 mmHg", "Colloid osmotic pressure = 25 mmHg", "Net pressure = -10 mmHg inward", "→ Fluid REABSORBED", " back into capillary"]): c.drawString(ve_x+8, ve_y+ae_h-30 - j*13, t) # Capillary tube graphic cap_mx = W/2; cap_y_c = ae_y+ae_h/2 draw_rounded_box(c, cap_mx-50, cap_y_c-12, 100, 24, TEAL, DARK_TEAL, label="CAPILLARY", font_size=8) arrow(c, ae_x+ae_w, cap_y_c, cap_mx-50, cap_y_c, DARK_RED, label="blood flows →") arrow(c, cap_mx+50, cap_y_c, ve_x, cap_y_c, DARK_BLUE, label="→") # Excess fluid → Lymph lf_y = 370 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#F9EBEA")) c.setStrokeColor(colors.HexColor("#C0392B")) c.setLineWidth(1) c.roundRect(120, lf_y, W-240, 46, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#922B21")) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8.5) c.drawCentredString(W/2, lf_y+32, "EXCESS FLUID NOT REABSORBED") c.setFont("Helvetica", 8) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.drawCentredString(W/2, lf_y+18, "→ Collected by lymphatic capillaries") c.drawCentredString(W/2, lf_y+6, "→ Returned to venous system via lymphatic vessels") # Capillary types table ct_y = 310 c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.rect(40, ct_y+20, W-80, 22, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 10) c.drawCentredString(W/2, ct_y+27, "TYPES OF CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIUM") types = [ ("Type I", "Continuous – no fenestrations, no gaps", "Nervous system", colors.HexColor("#D5F5E3")), ("Type II", "Continuous – pinocytotic vesicles", "Cardiac & skeletal muscle", colors.HexColor("#D6EAF8")), ("Type III","Fenestrated with diaphragm", "Gastrointestinal tract", colors.HexColor("#FDEBD0")), ("Type IV","Discontinuous – intercellular gaps", "Liver (sinusoids)", colors.HexColor("#F5EEF8")), ] row_h2=22; col2=[40,100,290,450] c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) for ci,hdr in enumerate(["Type","Structure","Location",""]): c.drawString(col2[ci]+4, ct_y+8, hdr) for ri,(t,s,loc,bg) in enumerate(types): ry3 = ct_y - ri*row_h2 c.setFillColor(bg) c.rect(40, ry3-row_h2, W-80, row_h2, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setStrokeColor(colors.HexColor("#C0C0C0")) c.rect(40, ry3-row_h2, W-80, row_h2, fill=0, stroke=0.5) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.drawString(col2[0]+4, ry3-row_h2+7, t) c.setFont("Helvetica", 7.5) c.drawString(col2[1]+4, ry3-row_h2+7, s) c.drawString(col2[2]+4, ry3-row_h2+7, loc) c.showPage() # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # PAGE 4 – LYMPHATIC SYSTEM & EMBRYONIC CIRCULATION # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ c.setFillColor(BG) c.rect(0, 0, W, H, fill=1, stroke=0) page_title(c, "LYMPHATIC SYSTEM & EMBRYONIC CIRCULATION", "Sections 6.1 & 1.6 | THIEME Atlas of Anatomy") # ── LYMPHATIC SYSTEM ────────────────────────────────────────── c.setFillColor(GREEN) c.rect(40, 770, W-80, 28, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 12) c.drawCentredString(W/2, 779, "LYMPHATIC SYSTEM FLOWCHART") lymph_steps = [ ("INTERSTITIAL FLUID\n(Excess not reabsorbed by capillaries)", GREEN, DARK_GREEN), ("LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES\n(Blind-ended; originate in capillary region)", colors.HexColor("#1E8449"), colors.HexColor("#196F3D")), ("COLLECTING LYMPHATIC VESSELS\n(Progressively larger; with valves)", colors.HexColor("#239B56"), colors.HexColor("#1D8348")), ("LYMPH NODES\n(Biological filtration of lymph)", colors.HexColor("#2ECC71"), colors.HexColor("#27AE60")), ("THORACIC DUCT / RIGHT LYMPH DUCT\n(Main collecting ducts)", colors.HexColor("#27AE60"), colors.HexColor("#1E8449")), ("VENOUS SYSTEM\n(Returned at subclavian veins)", TEAL, DARK_TEAL), ] lbw=280; lbh=36; lx_l2=(W-lbw)/2 for i,(lbl,fc,sc) in enumerate(lymph_steps): by = 730 - i*52 draw_rounded_box(c, lx_l2, by, lbw, lbh, fc, sc, label=lbl, font_size=8.5) if i < len(lymph_steps)-1: arrow(c, W/2, by, W/2, by-16) # Note ny = 730 - (len(lymph_steps)-1)*52 - 54 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#EAFAF1")) c.setStrokeColor(GREEN) c.setLineWidth(1) c.roundRect(50, ny, W-100, 36, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8) c.setFillColor(DARK_GREEN) c.drawCentredString(W/2, ny+23, "KEY FUNCTION") c.setFont("Helvetica", 7.5) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.drawCentredString(W/2, ny+11, "The lymphatic system collects extracellular fluid and returns it to the blood,") c.drawCentredString(W/2, ny+0, "running parallel to the venous system and filtering lymph through lymph nodes.") # ── EMBRYONIC CIRCULATION ────────────────────────────────────── emb_banner_y = ny - 40 c.setFillColor(PURPLE) c.rect(40, emb_banner_y, W-80, 28, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 12) c.drawCentredString(W/2, emb_banner_y+8, "EARLY EMBRYONIC CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (3–4 Weeks)") # Central pump ep_y = emb_banner_y - 50 draw_rounded_box(c, (W-200)/2, ep_y, 200, 36, PURPLE, DARK_PURP, label="2-CHAMBERED EMBRYONIC HEART\n(Well-functioning pump)", font_size=8.5) # Three circuits branching ec_y = ep_y - 70 bwe3=145; bhe3=44; gape3=15 total_e = 3*bwe3 + 2*gape3 lxe = (W-total_e)/2 emb_circuits=[ ("INTRAEMBRYONIC\nSYSTEMIC CIRC.", "Ventral & dorsal aorta\nBranchial/aortic arches\nCardinal veins", RED, DARK_RED), ("EXTRAEMBRYONIC\nVITELLINE CIRC.", "Omphalomesenteric\narteries & veins", ORANGE, DARK_ORAN), ("PLACENTAL\nCIRCULATION", "Umbilical arteries\n& umbilical veins\n(vein → O₂-rich blood)", BLUE, DARK_BLUE), ] for i,(lbl,detail,fc,sc) in enumerate(emb_circuits): bx = lxe + i*(bwe3+gape3) draw_rounded_box(c, bx, ec_y, bwe3, bhe3, fc, sc, label=lbl, font_size=8) arrow(c, W/2, ep_y, bx+bwe3/2, ec_y+bhe3) # detail box below dbx_y = ec_y - 60 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#FDFEFE")) c.setStrokeColor(fc) c.setLineWidth(1) c.roundRect(bx, dbx_y, bwe3, 52, 6, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(fc) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 7) c.drawCentredString(bx+bwe3/2, dbx_y+43, "Components:") c.setFont("Helvetica", 7) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) for j, line in enumerate(detail.split('\n')): c.drawString(bx+6, dbx_y+32 - j*12, line) arrow(c, bx+bwe3/2, ec_y, bx+bwe3/2, dbx_y+52) # Symmetry note sy_y = ec_y - 130 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#F3E5F5")) c.setStrokeColor(PURPLE) c.setLineWidth(1) c.roundRect(50, sy_y, W-100, 44, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(DARK_PURP) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8.5) c.drawCentredString(W/2, sy_y+31, "DEVELOPMENTAL NOTE") c.setFont("Helvetica", 7.5) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.drawCentredString(W/2, sy_y+18, "Early embryo: largely symmetrical vascular arrangement.") c.drawCentredString(W/2, sy_y+6, "With development: symmetry lost → left-sided preponderance") c.drawCentredString(W/2, sy_y-6, "(e.g., left 4th aortic arch → becomes the definitive aortic arch)") c.showPage() # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # PAGE 5 – POSITIONAL PRESSURE CHANGES # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ c.setFillColor(BG) c.rect(0, 0, W, H, fill=1, stroke=0) page_title(c, "POSITIONAL PRESSURE CHANGES IN CIRCULATION", "Hydrostatic Effects | THIEME Atlas of Anatomy") c.setFillColor(DARK_ORAN) c.rect(40, 770, W-80, 28, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 12) c.drawCentredString(W/2, 779, "RECUMBENT → STANDING POSITION") # Diamond decision draw_diamond(c, W/2, 730, 200, 44, ORANGE, DARK_ORAN, label="POSITION\nCHANGE?", font_size=9) arrow(c, W/2, 708, W/2, 694) draw_rounded_box(c, (W-260)/2, 660, 260, 34, ORANGE, DARK_ORAN, label="~500 mL blood shifts to LOWER LIMB VEINS", font_size=8.5) arrow(c, W/2, 660, W/2, 646) # Two effects eff_y = 600 bwe2=195; bhe2=90; gape2=20 lxeff=(W-2*bwe2-gape2)/2 # Lower body c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#FDEDEC")) c.setStrokeColor(RED) c.setLineWidth(1.5) c.roundRect(lxeff, eff_y-bhe2, bwe2, bhe2, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(RED) c.roundRect(lxeff, eff_y-18, bwe2, 18, 4, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8.5) c.drawCentredString(lxeff+bwe2/2, eff_y-6, "LOWER BODY") c.setFont("Helvetica", 8) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) for j,t in enumerate(["• Pressure RISES sharply", "• Venous transmural pressure ↑", "• Veins distend (pooling)", "• Risk of oedema if prolonged"]): c.drawString(lxeff+8, eff_y-32-j*13, t) arrow(c, W/2, 646, lxeff+bwe2/2, eff_y) # Upper body rxeff=lxeff+bwe2+gape2 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#EAF2F8")) c.setStrokeColor(BLUE) c.setLineWidth(1.5) c.roundRect(rxeff, eff_y-bhe2, bwe2, bhe2, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(BLUE) c.roundRect(rxeff, eff_y-18, bwe2, 18, 4, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8.5) c.drawCentredString(rxeff+bwe2/2, eff_y-6, "UPPER BODY") c.setFont("Helvetica", 8) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) for j,t in enumerate(["• Pressure DECREASES", "• Head/neck veins may collapse", "• Compensatory reflexes activated", "• Possible orthostatic hypotension"]): c.drawString(rxeff+8, eff_y-32-j*13, t) arrow(c, W/2, 646, rxeff+bwe2/2, eff_y) # Indifference level ind_y = 450 draw_rounded_box(c, (W-300)/2, ind_y, 300, 36, colors.HexColor("#7F8C8D"), colors.HexColor("#566573"), label="HYDROSTATIC INDIFFERENCE LEVEL\n(Just below diaphragm – pressure unchanged)", font_size=8.5) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.setFont("Helvetica", 8) c.drawCentredString(W/2, ind_y-16, "The point where pressure remains unchanged regardless of body position.") for cx2 in [lxeff+bwe2/2, rxeff+bwe2/2]: arrow(c, cx2, eff_y-bhe2, W/2, ind_y+36) # Artery type flowchart atype_y = 370 c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.rect(40, atype_y, W-80, 24, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 11) c.drawCentredString(W/2, atype_y+8, "ARTERY TYPES BY LOCATION & FUNCTION") at_data=[ ("ELASTIC-TYPE ARTERIES\n(Near heart – e.g. Aorta)", "• Expand during systole to accommodate ejected blood\n• Elastic recoil during diastole\n• Convert intermittent pumping → continuous blood flow", RED, DARK_RED), ("MUSCULAR-TYPE ARTERIES\n(Distant from heart)", "• Can vasodilate and vasoconstrict\n• Control vascular resistance\n• Regulate local blood flow distribution", ORANGE, DARK_ORAN), ("VEINS\n(Capacitance vessels)", "• Hold ~80% of total blood volume\n• Act as blood reservoir\n• Low-pressure compliant walls", BLUE, DARK_BLUE), ] atbw=160; atbh=85; atgap=10 total_at=3*atbw+2*atgap; lxat=(W-total_at)/2 for i,(lbl,detail,fc,sc) in enumerate(at_data): bx=lxat+i*(atbw+atgap) by=atype_y-atbh-14 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#FDFEFE")) c.setStrokeColor(fc) c.setLineWidth(1.5) c.roundRect(bx, by, atbw, atbh, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(fc) c.roundRect(bx, by+atbh-18, atbw, 18, 4, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 7.5) for k,ll in enumerate(lbl.split('\n')): c.drawCentredString(bx+atbw/2, by+atbh-8-k*9, ll) c.setFont("Helvetica", 7) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) for j2,dl in enumerate(detail.strip().split('\n')): c.drawString(bx+6, by+atbh-32-j2*12, dl) c.showPage() c.save() print("PDF saved successfully!") PYEOF

python3 << 'PYEOF' from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4 from reportlab.lib import colors from reportlab.lib.units import cm, mm from reportlab.pdfgen import canvas import math W, H = A4 RED = colors.HexColor("#C0392B") DARK_RED = colors.HexColor("#922B21") BLUE = colors.HexColor("#2980B9") DARK_BLUE = colors.HexColor("#1A5276") GREEN = colors.HexColor("#27AE60") DARK_GREEN= colors.HexColor("#1E8449") PURPLE = colors.HexColor("#8E44AD") DARK_PURP = colors.HexColor("#6C3483") ORANGE = colors.HexColor("#E67E22") DARK_ORAN = colors.HexColor("#BA6006") TEAL = colors.HexColor("#16A085") DARK_TEAL = colors.HexColor("#0E6655") BG = colors.HexColor("#F8F9FA") DARK_GRAY = colors.HexColor("#2C3E50") WHITE = colors.white ARROW_CLR = colors.HexColor("#555555") def draw_rounded_box(c, x, y, w, h, fill_color, stroke_color, radius=8, label=None, sub=None, font_size=9, sub_size=7.5, text_color=WHITE): c.setFillColor(fill_color) c.setStrokeColor(stroke_color) c.setLineWidth(1.5) c.roundRect(x, y, w, h, radius, fill=1, stroke=1) if label: c.setFillColor(text_color) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", font_size) lines = label.split('\n') total_h = len(lines) * (font_size + 2) start_y = y + h/2 + total_h/2 - font_size if sub: start_y += 5 for i, line in enumerate(lines): c.drawCentredString(x + w/2, start_y - i*(font_size+2), line) if sub: c.setFont("Helvetica", sub_size) c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#DDDDDD")) sub_lines = sub.split('\n') sub_start = y + h/2 - total_h/2 - 2 for i, sl in enumerate(sub_lines): c.drawCentredString(x + w/2, sub_start - i*(sub_size+1.5), sl) def draw_diamond(c, cx, cy, w, h, fill_color, stroke_color, label=None, font_size=8): path = c.beginPath() path.moveTo(cx, cy+h/2) path.lineTo(cx+w/2, cy) path.lineTo(cx, cy-h/2) path.lineTo(cx-w/2, cy) path.close() c.setFillColor(fill_color) c.setStrokeColor(stroke_color) c.setLineWidth(1.5) c.drawPath(path, fill=1, stroke=1) if label: c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", font_size) lines = label.split('\n') for i, line in enumerate(lines): c.drawCentredString(cx, cy + (len(lines)-1)/2*(font_size+1) - i*(font_size+1), line) def arrow(c, x1, y1, x2, y2, color=ARROW_CLR, label=None, label_offset=(0,4)): c.setStrokeColor(color) c.setLineWidth(1.4) c.line(x1, y1, x2, y2) angle = math.atan2(y2-y1, x2-x1) asz = 6 for da in [0.4, -0.4]: ax = x2 - asz*math.cos(angle - da) ay = y2 - asz*math.sin(angle - da) c.line(x2, y2, ax, ay) if label: mx, my = (x1+x2)/2 + label_offset[0], (y1+y2)/2 + label_offset[1] c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.setFont("Helvetica", 7) c.drawCentredString(mx, my, label) def bordered_box(c, x, y, w, h, fill_color, stroke_color, lw=1.0): """Safe bordered rect with integer fill/stroke.""" c.setFillColor(fill_color) c.setStrokeColor(stroke_color) c.setLineWidth(lw) c.rect(x, y, w, h, fill=1, stroke=1) def page_header(c, title, subtitle=None): c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.rect(0, H-50, W, 50, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 16) c.drawCentredString(W/2, H-32, title) if subtitle: c.setFont("Helvetica", 9) c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#BDC3C7")) c.drawCentredString(W/2, H-44, subtitle) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.rect(0, 0, W, 18, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#BDC3C7")) c.setFont("Helvetica", 7) c.drawCentredString(W/2, 5, "Source: THIEME Atlas of Anatomy – General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System") def color_banner(c, y, h, fc, title, font_size=11): c.setFillColor(fc) c.rect(40, y, W-80, h, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", font_size) c.drawCentredString(W/2, y + h/2 - font_size/2 + 2, title) out = "/home/daytona/workspace/circulatory-flowcharts/Circulatory_System_Flowcharts.pdf" c = canvas.Canvas(out, pagesize=A4) # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # PAGE 1 – CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OVERVIEW # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════ c.setFillColor(BG); c.rect(0,0,W,H,fill=1,stroke=0) page_header(c, "THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM – OVERVIEW", "THIEME Atlas of Anatomy | Sections 6.1 – 6.3") bw=210; bh=36; lm=(W-bw)/2 draw_rounded_box(c, lm, 780, bw, bh, DARK_GRAY, colors.HexColor("#1A252F"), label="CIRCULATORY SYSTEM", font_size=12) arrow(c, W/2, 780, W/2, 766) draw_rounded_box(c, lm, 730, bw, bh, DARK_RED, RED, label="Central Pump: HEART", font_size=11) arrow(c, W/2, 730, W/2, 716) # 3 components bw3=152; bh3=38; gap3=16; total3=3*bw3+2*gap3; lx3=(W-total3)/2; y3=677 boxes3=[ ("Vascular System\n(Arteries, Capillaries, Veins)", RED, DARK_RED), ("Heart\n(Central Pump)", BLUE, DARK_BLUE), ("Lymphatic System\n(Parallel to veins)", GREEN, DARK_GREEN), ] cxs3=[] for i,(lbl,fc,sc) in enumerate(boxes3): bx=lx3+i*(bw3+gap3); cxs3.append(bx+bw3/2) draw_rounded_box(c, bx, y3, bw3, bh3, fc, sc, label=lbl, font_size=8) arrow(c, W/2, 716, bx+bw3/2, y3+bh3) # Key rule ry=630 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#FEF9E7")); c.setStrokeColor(colors.HexColor("#F39C12")); c.setLineWidth(1.2) c.roundRect(50, ry, W-100, 38, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#7D6608")); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8.5) c.drawCentredString(W/2, ry+24, "KEY RULE:") c.setFont("Helvetica", 8); c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.drawCentredString(W/2, ry+11, "Arteries = vessels AWAY from heart | Veins = vessels TOWARD heart") c.drawCentredString(W/2, ry+1, "(regardless of oxygen content – e.g. umbilical vein carries O₂-rich blood)") arrow(c, W/2, ry, W/2, ry-14) # Two circuits y4=550; bw4=200; bh4=44; gap4=28; lx4=(W-2*bw4-gap4)/2 draw_rounded_box(c, lx4, y4, bw4, bh4, RED, DARK_RED, label="PULMONARY\nCIRCULATION", sub="Right heart → Lungs", font_size=10, sub_size=7.5) draw_rounded_box(c, lx4+bw4+gap4, y4, bw4, bh4, BLUE, DARK_BLUE, label="SYSTEMIC\nCIRCULATION", sub="Left heart → Body", font_size=10, sub_size=7.5) for dx in [lx4+bw4/2, lx4+bw4+gap4+bw4/2]: arrow(c, W/2, ry-14, dx, y4+bh4) # Pulmonary steps sbw=165; sbh=30; psteps=[ "Deoxygenated blood from body", "Sup./Inf. Vena Cava → Right Atrium", "Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Arteries", "Lungs: O₂ received", ] for i,txt in enumerate(psteps): by=490-i*38 draw_rounded_box(c, lx4+(bw4-sbw)/2, by, sbw, sbh, RED, DARK_RED, label=txt, font_size=7.5) if i<len(psteps)-1: arrow(c, lx4+bw4/2, by, lx4+bw4/2, by-8) arrow(c, lx4+bw4/2, y4, lx4+bw4/2, 490+sbh) # Systemic steps ssteps=[ "Oxygenated blood from lungs", "Pulmonary Veins → Left Atrium", "Left Ventricle → Aorta", "Body Tissues", ] rx4=lx4+bw4+gap4 for i,txt in enumerate(ssteps): by=490-i*38 draw_rounded_box(c, rx4+(bw4-sbw)/2, by, sbw, sbh, BLUE, DARK_BLUE, label=txt, font_size=7.5) if i<len(ssteps)-1: arrow(c, rx4+bw4/2, by, rx4+bw4/2, by-8) arrow(c, rx4+bw4/2, y4, rx4+bw4/2, 490+sbh) # Portal note pn_y=290 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#EAF2F8")); c.setStrokeColor(BLUE); c.setLineWidth(1) c.roundRect(50, pn_y, W-100, 52, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(DARK_BLUE); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8.5) c.drawCentredString(W/2, pn_y+38, "PORTAL CIRCULATION (Special Sub-Circuit)") c.setFont("Helvetica", 7.5); c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.drawCentredString(W/2, pn_y+25, "Venous blood from stomach, bowel, pancreas, spleen") c.drawCentredString(W/2, pn_y+13, "→ Portal Vein → Liver (filtration & metabolism)") c.drawCentredString(W/2, pn_y+1, "→ Hepatic Veins → Inferior Vena Cava") # Figure-of-8 note fn_y=240 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#FDFEFE")); c.setStrokeColor(DARK_GRAY); c.setLineWidth(0.8) c.roundRect(50, fn_y, W-100, 32, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY); c.setFont("Helvetica-Oblique", 8) c.drawCentredString(W/2, fn_y+19, "Postnatal human circulation forms a figure-of-eight (∞),") c.drawCentredString(W/2, fn_y+7, "with the HEART at the intersection of the two circuits.") c.showPage() # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # PAGE 2 – BLOOD VESSEL STRUCTURE # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════ c.setFillColor(BG); c.rect(0,0,W,H,fill=1,stroke=0) page_header(c, "STRUCTURE OF BLOOD VESSELS", "Three-Layer Wall Architecture | Section 6.2") draw_rounded_box(c, (W-230)/2, 755, 230, 40, DARK_GRAY, colors.HexColor("#1A252F"), label="BLOOD VESSEL WALL", font_size=13) arrow(c, W/2, 755, W/2, 741) # Three layers ly=700; bwl=155; bhl=40; gapl=18; total_l=3*bwl+2*gapl; lxl=(W-total_l)/2 layers=[ ("TUNICA INTIMA\n(Innermost)", RED, DARK_RED, ["Endothelial cells (spindle-shaped)","Basement membrane","Subendothelial connective tissue", "Internal elastic membrane (muscular a.)","FUNCTION: Exchange of gases & substances"]), ("TUNICA MEDIA\n(Middle)", ORANGE, DARK_ORAN, ["Smooth muscle cells (circular)","Elastic & collagenous fibers","Proteoglycans", "External elastic membrane (muscular a.)","FUNCTION: Regulates blood flow"]), ("TUNICA ADVENTITIA\n(Outermost)", GREEN, DARK_GREEN, ["Longitudinal connective tissue","Smooth muscle in veins","Autonomic nerves to wall muscle", "Vasa vasorum (larger vessels)","FUNCTION: Integration into surrounding tissue"]), ] cxl=[] for i,(lbl,fc,sc,_) in enumerate(layers): bx=lxl+i*(bwl+gapl); cxl.append(bx+bwl/2) draw_rounded_box(c, bx, ly, bwl, bhl, fc, sc, label=lbl, font_size=8) arrow(c, W/2, 741, bx+bwl/2, ly+bhl) # Detail boxes dy=545 for i,(lbl,fc,sc,details) in enumerate(layers): bx=lxl+i*(bwl+gapl); bxd=bx-5 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#FDFEFE")); c.setStrokeColor(fc); c.setLineWidth(1.2) c.roundRect(bxd, dy, bwl+10, 130, 6, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(fc); c.roundRect(bxd, dy+116, bwl+10, 14, 4, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 7) c.drawCentredString(bx+bwl/2, dy+121, lbl.split('\n')[0]) c.setFont("Helvetica", 7); c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) for j,line in enumerate(details): bold = line.startswith("FUNCTION") c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold" if bold else "Helvetica", 7) c.setFillColor(fc if bold else DARK_GRAY) c.drawString(bxd+5, dy+108-j*14, line) arrow(c, cxl[i], ly, cxl[i], dy+130) # Artery vs Vein c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY); c.rect(0, 510, W, 26, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 11) c.drawCentredString(W/2, 519, "ARTERY vs. VEIN – Structural Differences") bwc=210; bhc=88; gapc=28; lxc=(W-2*bwc-gapc)/2 # Artery c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#FDEDEC")); c.setStrokeColor(RED); c.setLineWidth(1.5) c.roundRect(lxc, 410, bwc, bhc, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(RED); c.roundRect(lxc, 410+bhc-18, bwc, 18, 4, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 9) c.drawCentredString(lxc+bwc/2, 410+bhc-6, "ARTERIES") details_a=["• Thick, dense smooth muscle in media","• Prominent internal elastic membrane", "• High-pressure system (~100 mmHg)","• Carry blood AWAY from heart"] c.setFont("Helvetica", 8); c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) for j,d in enumerate(details_a): c.drawString(lxc+8, 410+bhc-32-j*14, d) # Vein rxc=lxc+bwc+gapc c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#EAF2F8")); c.setStrokeColor(BLUE); c.setLineWidth(1.5) c.roundRect(rxc, 410, bwc, bhc, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(BLUE); c.roundRect(rxc, 410+bhc-18, bwc, 18, 4, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 9) c.drawCentredString(rxc+bwc/2, 410+bhc-6, "VEINS") details_v=["• More connective tissue (looser structure)","• Lacks conspicuous elastic membrane", "• Low-pressure system (< 20 mmHg)","• Carry blood TOWARD heart"] c.setFont("Helvetica", 8); c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) for j,d in enumerate(details_v): c.drawString(rxc+8, 410+bhc-32-j*14, d) # Pressure table c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY); c.rect(40, 385, W-80, 24, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 10) c.drawCentredString(W/2, 393, "FUNCTIONAL PRESSURE SYSTEMS") tbl_rows=[ ("High-Pressure System","~100 mmHg","Supply function","Arteries, arterioles", colors.HexColor("#FDEDEC"), RED), ("Low-Pressure System","< 20 mmHg","Reservoir function","Veins & lungs (holds ~80% blood vol.)", colors.HexColor("#EAF2F8"), BLUE), ("Capillary Region","varies","Exchange function","Terminal vascular bed (metabolic exchange)", colors.HexColor("#E8F8F5"), TEAL), ] col_xs=[42,172,252,352]; col_ws=[128,78,98,170]; rh=26 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#BDC3C7")); c.rect(40, 359, W-80, rh, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8) for ci,hdr in enumerate(["System","Pressure","Role","Components"]): c.drawString(col_xs[ci]+3, 367, hdr) for ri,(sys,pres,role,comp,bg,sc) in enumerate(tbl_rows): ry=333-ri*rh c.setFillColor(bg); c.rect(40, ry, W-80, rh, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setStrokeColor(colors.HexColor("#C0C0C0")); c.setLineWidth(0.5) c.rect(40, ry, W-80, rh, fill=0, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(sc); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 7.5) c.drawString(col_xs[0]+3, ry+9, sys) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY); c.setFont("Helvetica", 7.5) for ci,val in enumerate([pres,role,comp]): c.drawString(col_xs[ci+1]+3, ry+9, val) # Vein capacitance note vn_y=265 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#EAF2F8")); c.setStrokeColor(BLUE); c.setLineWidth(1) c.roundRect(50, vn_y, W-100, 36, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(DARK_BLUE); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8.5) c.drawCentredString(W/2, vn_y+23, "VEINS AS CAPACITANCE VESSELS") c.setFont("Helvetica", 7.5); c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.drawCentredString(W/2, vn_y+11, "Veins accommodate ~80% of total blood volume and serve as a blood reservoir.") c.drawCentredString(W/2, vn_y+0, "Elastic arteries convert the heart's intermittent pumping into continuous blood flow.") c.showPage() # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # PAGE 3 – MICROCIRCULATION & STARLING FORCES # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════ c.setFillColor(BG); c.rect(0,0,W,H,fill=1,stroke=0) page_header(c, "MICROCIRCULATION & STARLING FORCES", "Terminal Vascular Bed | Section 6.3") color_banner(c, 760, 28, TEAL, "TERMINAL VASCULAR BED – 3 Limbs of Microcirculation") # Three limbs lbw=145; lbh=44; lbg=22; total_lb=3*lbw+2*lbg; lxlb=(W-total_lb)/2; limb_y=700 limbs=[ ("AFFERENT ARTERIAL LIMB", RED, DARK_RED, "Precapillary arterioles"), ("CAPILLARY BED\n(Exchange Zone)", TEAL, DARK_TEAL, "5–15 μm; endothelium + basal lamina"), ("EFFERENT VENOUS LIMB", BLUE, DARK_BLUE, "Postcapillary venules"), ] cxlb=[] for i,(lbl,fc,sc,sub) in enumerate(limbs): bx=lxlb+i*(lbw+lbg); cxlb.append(bx+lbw/2) draw_rounded_box(c, bx, limb_y, lbw, lbh, fc, sc, label=lbl, sub=sub, font_size=8.5, sub_size=7) # horizontal arrows for i in range(2): x1=lxlb+i*(lbw+lbg)+lbw; x2=lxlb+(i+1)*(lbw+lbg) arrow(c, x1, limb_y+lbh/2, x2, limb_y+lbh/2, label="→ blood flow →", label_offset=(0,6)) # Capillary facts cf_y=620 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#E8F8F5")); c.setStrokeColor(TEAL); c.setLineWidth(1.2) c.roundRect(40, cf_y, W-80, 68, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(DARK_TEAL); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 9) c.drawCentredString(W/2, cf_y+55, "CAPILLARY KEY FACTS") cap_facts=["• Diameter: 5–15 μm | Wall: only endothelium + basal lamina (+ pericytes attached)", "• Cross-section ~800× larger than aorta → blood flow slows: 50 cm/s → 0.05 cm/s in capillaries", "• Average capillary length 0.5 mm → ~1 second available for metabolic exchange", "• Precapillary sphincters regulate entry; at rest only 25–35% of capillaries are perfused", "• Arteriovenous anastomoses (shunts) allow direct artery-to-vein bypass"] c.setFont("Helvetica", 7.5); c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) for j,f in enumerate(cap_facts): c.drawString(50, cf_y+44-j*12, f) # Starling forces header c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY); c.rect(0, 590, W, 24, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 11) c.drawCentredString(W/2, 598, "STARLING FORCES – Fluid Exchange at Capillaries") # Arterial end box ae_x=50; ae_w=195; ae_h=90; ae_y=480 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#FDEDEC")); c.setStrokeColor(RED); c.setLineWidth(1.5) c.roundRect(ae_x, ae_y, ae_w, ae_h, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(RED); c.roundRect(ae_x, ae_y+ae_h-18, ae_w, 18, 4, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 9) c.drawCentredString(ae_x+ae_w/2, ae_y+ae_h-6, "ARTERIAL END") for j,t in enumerate(["Hydrostatic P = 35 mmHg", "Colloid osmotic P = 25 mmHg", "Net = +10 mmHg (outward)", "→ Fluid FILTERED OUT", " into surrounding tissue"]): c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold" if "→" in t else "Helvetica", 8) c.setFillColor(DARK_RED if "→" in t else DARK_GRAY) c.drawString(ae_x+8, ae_y+ae_h-32-j*13, t) # Venous end box ve_x=W-50-ae_w; ve_y=ae_y c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#EAF2F8")); c.setStrokeColor(BLUE); c.setLineWidth(1.5) c.roundRect(ve_x, ve_y, ae_w, ae_h, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(BLUE); c.roundRect(ve_x, ve_y+ae_h-18, ae_w, 18, 4, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 9) c.drawCentredString(ve_x+ae_w/2, ve_y+ae_h-6, "VENOUS END") for j,t in enumerate(["Hydrostatic P = 15 mmHg", "Colloid osmotic P = 25 mmHg", "Net = -10 mmHg (inward)", "→ Fluid REABSORBED", " back into capillary"]): c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold" if "→" in t else "Helvetica", 8) c.setFillColor(DARK_BLUE if "→" in t else DARK_GRAY) c.drawString(ve_x+8, ve_y+ae_h-32-j*13, t) # Capillary tube between cap_cx=W/2; cap_cy=ae_y+ae_h/2 draw_rounded_box(c, cap_cx-52, cap_cy-14, 104, 28, TEAL, DARK_TEAL, label="CAPILLARY", font_size=9) arrow(c, ae_x+ae_w, cap_cy, cap_cx-52, cap_cy, DARK_RED, label="blood flows →", label_offset=(0,7)) arrow(c, cap_cx+52, cap_cy, ve_x, cap_cy, DARK_BLUE, label="→", label_offset=(0,7)) # Excess fluid note ef_y=430 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#F9EBEA")); c.setStrokeColor(RED); c.setLineWidth(1) c.roundRect(120, ef_y, W-240, 40, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(DARK_RED); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8.5) c.drawCentredString(W/2, ef_y+27, "EXCESS FLUID NOT REABSORBED") c.setFont("Helvetica", 8); c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.drawCentredString(W/2, ef_y+14, "→ Collected by lymphatic capillaries") c.drawCentredString(W/2, ef_y+2, "→ Returned to venous system via lymphatic vessels") # Capillary types table c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY); c.rect(40, 400, W-80, 24, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 10) c.drawCentredString(W/2, 408, "TYPES OF CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIUM") cap_types=[ ("Type I", "Continuous – closed, no fenestrations, continuous basal lamina", "Nervous system", colors.HexColor("#D5F5E3")), ("Type II", "Continuous – closed, with pinocytotic vesicles", "Cardiac & skeletal muscle",colors.HexColor("#D6EAF8")), ("Type III","Fenestrated – pores covered by a diaphragm", "Gastrointestinal tract", colors.HexColor("#FDEBD0")), ("Type IV", "Discontinuous – intercellular gaps, no continuous basal lamina", "Liver (sinusoids)", colors.HexColor("#F5EEF8")), ] col3=[42,95,310,455]; rh3=22 # header row c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#BDC3C7")); c.rect(40, 378, W-80, rh3, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 7.5) for ci,hdr in enumerate(["Type","Structure","Location",""]): c.drawString(col3[ci]+3, 385, hdr) for ri,(t,s,loc,bg) in enumerate(cap_types): ry=356-ri*rh3 c.setFillColor(bg); c.rect(40, ry, W-80, rh3, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setStrokeColor(colors.HexColor("#C0C0C0")); c.setLineWidth(0.5) c.rect(40, ry, W-80, rh3, fill=0, stroke=1) c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 7.5); c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.drawString(col3[0]+3, ry+7, t) c.setFont("Helvetica", 7.5) c.drawString(col3[1]+3, ry+7, s) c.drawString(col3[2]+3, ry+7, loc) # Precapillary sphincter note ps_y=280 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#FEF9E7")); c.setStrokeColor(ORANGE); c.setLineWidth(1) c.roundRect(50, ps_y, W-100, 56, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(DARK_ORAN); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 9) c.drawCentredString(W/2, ps_y+43, "PRECAPILLARY SPHINCTERS") c.setFont("Helvetica", 8); c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) for j,t in enumerate(["• Circular muscle cells at junction of metarterioles and capillaries", "• Contraction closes branching capillaries; at rest only 25–35% perfused", "• Arterioles and venules may be interconnected by arteriovenous anastomoses (shunts)"]): c.drawString(60, ps_y+31-j*12, t) c.showPage() # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # PAGE 4 – LYMPHATIC SYSTEM & EMBRYONIC CIRCULATION # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════ c.setFillColor(BG); c.rect(0,0,W,H,fill=1,stroke=0) page_header(c, "LYMPHATIC SYSTEM & EMBRYONIC CIRCULATION", "Sections 6.1 & 1.6 | THIEME Atlas of Anatomy") color_banner(c, 762, 28, GREEN, "LYMPHATIC SYSTEM") lymph_steps=[ ("INTERSTITIAL FLUID\n(Excess fluid from capillary filtration)", GREEN, DARK_GREEN), ("BLIND-ENDED LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES\n(Originate in the capillary region)", colors.HexColor("#1E8449"), colors.HexColor("#196F3D")), ("COLLECTING LYMPHATIC VESSELS\n(With valves; progressively larger)", colors.HexColor("#239B56"), colors.HexColor("#1D8348")), ("LYMPH NODES\n(Biological filtration of lymph along the pathway)", colors.HexColor("#27AE60"), colors.HexColor("#1E8449")), ("THORACIC DUCT / RIGHT LYMPH DUCT\n(Main collecting ducts)", colors.HexColor("#2ECC71"), colors.HexColor("#27AE60")), ("VENOUS SYSTEM\n(Returned at subclavian veins → back to blood)", TEAL, DARK_TEAL), ] lbw2=300; lbh2=36; lxl2=(W-lbw2)/2 for i,(lbl,fc,sc) in enumerate(lymph_steps): by=720-i*50 draw_rounded_box(c, lxl2, by, lbw2, lbh2, fc, sc, label=lbl, font_size=8.5) if i<len(lymph_steps)-1: arrow(c, W/2, by, W/2, by-14) # Lymph note ln_y=420 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#EAFAF1")); c.setStrokeColor(GREEN); c.setLineWidth(1) c.roundRect(50, ln_y, W-100, 40, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(DARK_GREEN); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8.5) c.drawCentredString(W/2, ln_y+27, "LYMPHATIC SYSTEM KEY FUNCTIONS") c.setFont("Helvetica", 7.5); c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.drawCentredString(W/2, ln_y+15, "Collects extracellular fluid deposited in interstitium and returns it to venous blood.") c.drawCentredString(W/2, ln_y+3, "Runs parallel to the venous system | Lymph nodes provide immune surveillance and filtration.") # Embryonic header eb_y=380 color_banner(c, eb_y, 28, PURPLE, "EARLY EMBRYONIC CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (3–4 Weeks)") draw_rounded_box(c, (W-240)/2, 328, 240, 38, PURPLE, DARK_PURP, label="2-CHAMBERED EMBRYONIC HEART\n(Well-functioning pump at 3–4 weeks)", font_size=8.5) arrow(c, W/2, 328, W/2, 315) bwe=145; bhe=42; gape=14; total_e=3*bwe+2*gape; lxe=(W-total_e)/2; ec_y=255 emb_circ=[ ("INTRAEMBRYONIC\nSYSTEMIC CIRC.", "Ventral & dorsal aorta\nBranchial/aortic arches\nAnterior & posterior cardinal veins", RED, DARK_RED), ("EXTRAEMBRYONIC\nVITELLINE CIRC.", "Omphalomesenteric\narteries & veins\n(connects to yolk sac)", ORANGE, DARK_ORAN), ("PLACENTAL\nCIRCULATION", "Umbilical arteries (deoxygenated)\nUmbilical vein (O₂-rich blood)\n→ still called 'vein' (toward heart)", BLUE, DARK_BLUE), ] for i,(lbl,detail,fc,sc) in enumerate(emb_circ): bx=lxe+i*(bwe+gape) draw_rounded_box(c, bx, ec_y, bwe, bhe, fc, sc, label=lbl, font_size=8) arrow(c, W/2, 315, bx+bwe/2, ec_y+bhe) # detail box dbx_y=ec_y-66 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#FDFEFE")); c.setStrokeColor(fc); c.setLineWidth(1) c.roundRect(bx, dbx_y, bwe, 58, 6, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(fc); c.roundRect(bx, dbx_y+46, bwe, 12, 3, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 6.5) c.drawCentredString(bx+bwe/2, dbx_y+50, "Vessels:") c.setFont("Helvetica", 7); c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) for j,line in enumerate(detail.split('\n')): c.drawString(bx+5, dbx_y+36-j*12, line) arrow(c, bx+bwe/2, ec_y, bx+bwe/2, dbx_y+58) # Development note dn_y=148 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#F3E5F5")); c.setStrokeColor(PURPLE); c.setLineWidth(1) c.roundRect(50, dn_y, W-100, 50, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(DARK_PURP); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8.5) c.drawCentredString(W/2, dn_y+37, "DEVELOPMENTAL ASYMMETRY") c.setFont("Helvetica", 7.5); c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.drawCentredString(W/2, dn_y+24, "Early embryo: largely SYMMETRICAL vascular arrangement.") c.drawCentredString(W/2, dn_y+12, "With development: symmetry is lost in favor of left-sided preponderance.") c.drawCentredString(W/2, dn_y+0, "Example: left 4th aortic arch → becomes the definitive aortic arch in adults.") c.showPage() # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # PAGE 5 – POSITIONAL PRESSURE & ARTERY TYPES # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════ c.setFillColor(BG); c.rect(0,0,W,H,fill=1,stroke=0) page_header(c, "POSITIONAL PRESSURE CHANGES & ARTERY TYPES", "Hydrostatic Effects | THIEME Atlas of Anatomy") color_banner(c, 762, 28, ORANGE, "RECUMBENT → STANDING: Pressure Redistribution") draw_diamond(c, W/2, 730, 210, 46, ORANGE, DARK_ORAN, label="POSITION CHANGE\n(Recumbent → Standing)", font_size=8.5) arrow(c, W/2, 707, W/2, 695) draw_rounded_box(c, (W-280)/2, 660, 280, 35, ORANGE, DARK_ORAN, label="~500 mL blood SHIFTS to lower limb veins", font_size=9) arrow(c, W/2, 660, W/2, 647) # Two effects bwe2=200; bhe2=90; gape2=24; lxe2=(W-2*bwe2-gape2)/2 # Lower body c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#FDEDEC")); c.setStrokeColor(RED); c.setLineWidth(1.5) c.roundRect(lxe2, 545, bwe2, bhe2, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(RED); c.roundRect(lxe2, 545+bhe2-18, bwe2, 18, 4, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 9) c.drawCentredString(lxe2+bwe2/2, 545+bhe2-6, "LOWER BODY") for j,t in enumerate(["• Pressure RISES sharply","• Venous transmural pressure ↑", "• Veins distend (blood pooling)","• Risk of oedema if prolonged"]): c.setFont("Helvetica", 8); c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.drawString(lxe2+8, 545+bhe2-32-j*14, t) arrow(c, W/2, 647, lxe2+bwe2/2, 545+bhe2) # Upper body rxe2=lxe2+bwe2+gape2 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#EAF2F8")); c.setStrokeColor(BLUE); c.setLineWidth(1.5) c.roundRect(rxe2, 545, bwe2, bhe2, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(BLUE); c.roundRect(rxe2, 545+bhe2-18, bwe2, 18, 4, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 9) c.drawCentredString(rxe2+bwe2/2, 545+bhe2-6, "UPPER BODY (Head & Neck)") for j,t in enumerate(["• Pressure DECREASES","• Head/neck veins may collapse", "• Compensatory reflexes activate","• Orthostatic hypotension risk"]): c.setFont("Helvetica", 8); c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.drawString(rxe2+8, 545+bhe2-32-j*14, t) arrow(c, W/2, 647, rxe2+bwe2/2, 545+bhe2) # Indifference point draw_rounded_box(c, (W-310)/2, 495, 310, 40, colors.HexColor("#7F8C8D"), colors.HexColor("#566573"), label="HYDROSTATIC INDIFFERENCE LEVEL\n(Just below the diaphragm – pressure unchanged)", font_size=8.5) for cx in [lxe2+bwe2/2, rxe2+bwe2/2]: arrow(c, cx, 545, W/2, 495+40) # Artery types section c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY); c.rect(0, 458, W, 26, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 11) c.drawCentredString(W/2, 467, "ARTERY TYPES BY LOCATION & FUNCTION") at_data=[ ("ELASTIC-TYPE\nARTERIES\n(Near heart – e.g. Aorta)", ["Expand during systole","Elastic recoil in diastole","Convert intermittent pumping","→ continuous blood flow"], RED, DARK_RED), ("MUSCULAR-TYPE\nARTERIES\n(Distant from heart)", ["Can vasodilate / vasoconstrict","Control vascular resistance","Regulate local blood flow","Active smooth muscle layer"], ORANGE, DARK_ORAN), ("VEINS\n(Capacitance vessels)\n(All sizes)", ["Hold ~80% total blood volume","Act as blood reservoir","Low-pressure, compliant walls","Loose connective tissue structure"], BLUE, DARK_BLUE), ] atbw=160; atbh=100; atgap=10; total_at=3*atbw+2*atgap; lxat=(W-total_at)/2 for i,(lbl,details,fc,sc) in enumerate(at_data): bx=lxat+i*(atbw+atgap); by=340 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#FDFEFE")); c.setStrokeColor(fc); c.setLineWidth(1.5) c.roundRect(bx, by, atbw, atbh, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(fc); c.roundRect(bx, by+atbh-22, atbw, 22, 4, fill=1, stroke=0) c.setFillColor(WHITE); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 7.5) for k,ll in enumerate(lbl.split('\n')): c.drawCentredString(bx+atbw/2, by+atbh-9-k*9, ll) c.setFont("Helvetica", 7.5); c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) for j,dl in enumerate(details): c.drawString(bx+6, by+atbh-46-j*13, dl) # Summary box sum_y=290 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#FDFEFE")); c.setStrokeColor(DARK_GRAY); c.setLineWidth(1) c.roundRect(40, sum_y, W-80, 36, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8.5) c.drawCentredString(W/2, sum_y+23, "PRESSURE GRADIENT SUMMARY") c.setFont("Helvetica", 8) c.drawCentredString(W/2, sum_y+11, "High-pressure arteries (~100 mmHg) → Capillary exchange zone → Low-pressure veins (< 20 mmHg)") c.drawCentredString(W/2, sum_y+0, "Blood flows DOWN the pressure gradient from arteries to veins via capillaries.") # End note en_y=245 c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#EAF2F8")); c.setStrokeColor(BLUE); c.setLineWidth(1) c.roundRect(40, en_y, W-80, 30, 8, fill=1, stroke=1) c.setFillColor(DARK_BLUE); c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 8.5) c.drawCentredString(W/2, en_y+18, "THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM – KEY TAKEAWAY") c.setFont("Helvetica", 7.5); c.setFillColor(DARK_GRAY) c.drawCentredString(W/2, en_y+6, "A closed, pressure-driven system maintaining continuous delivery of O₂, nutrients, and removal of waste to every cell in the body.") c.showPage() c.save() print("PDF saved successfully at:", out) PYEOF