bacterial classification
| Rank | Example |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Prokaryotae |
| Division | Gracilicutes |
| Class | Scotobacteria |
| Order | Eubacteriales |
| Family | Enterobacteriaceae |
| Genus | Escherichia |
| Species | coli |
| Subtype | E. coli O157:H7 |
| Characteristic | Eukaryote | Prokaryote (Bacteria) |
|---|---|---|
| Size | >5 µm | 0.5-3.0 µm |
| Nucleus | Membrane-bound | No nuclear membrane |
| Chromosomes | Diploid, multiple | Single, circular, haploid |
| Ribosomes | 80S (60S+40S) | 70S (50S+30S) - antibiotic target |
| Mitochondria | Present | Absent |
| Cytoplasmic membrane | Contains sterols | No sterols (except Mycoplasma) |
| Cell wall | Absent (except fungi) | Peptidoglycan-based |
| Reproduction | Sexual and asexual | Asexual (binary fission only) |

| Shape | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Coccus | Spherical | Staphylococcus, Streptococcus |
| Bacillus | Rod-shaped | E. coli, Bacillus spp. |
| Coccobacillus | Short rod | Haemophilus influenzae |
| Vibrio | Comma-shaped curve | Vibrio cholerae |
| Spirillum | Rigid spiral | Campylobacter |
| Spirochete | Flexible coiled | Treponema, Borrelia |
| Fusiform bacillus | Spindle-shaped | Fusobacterium |
| Filamentous | Branching hyphae-like | Nocardia, Actinomyces |
| Feature | Gram-Positive | Gram-Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Color result | Purple (crystal violet retained) | Red/Pink (safranin counterstain) |
| Peptidoglycan layer | Thick | Thin |
| Outer membrane | Absent | Present |
| Lipopolysaccharide (LPS/Endotoxin) | Absent | Present |
| Teichoic acid | Often present | Absent |
| Sporulation | Some bacteria (e.g., Clostridium, Bacillus) | None |
| Penicillin susceptibility | More susceptible | More resistant |
| Lysozyme sensitivity | Sensitive | Resistant |
| Category | Description | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Obligate aerobe | Require O2 as terminal electron acceptor | Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus spp. |
| Obligate anaerobe | Cannot survive in O2 | Clostridium, Bacteroides |
| Facultative anaerobe | Grow with or without O2 | E. coli, most Enterobacteriaceae |
| Microaerophile | Require low O2 | Campylobacter, Helicobacter |
| Aerotolerant anaerobe | Tolerate O2 but do not use it | Lactobacillus |
| Test | What it Detects | Example Use |
|---|---|---|
| Catalase | H2O2-splitting enzyme | Staphylococci (+) vs Streptococci (-) |
| Coagulase | Fibrin-clotting enzyme | S. aureus (+) vs S. epidermidis (-) |
| Oxidase | Cytochrome C oxidase | Pseudomonas (+) vs E. coli (-) |
| Urease | Urea hydrolysis → NH3 | Proteus (strongly +) |
| Nitrate reduction | NO3- → NO2- + N2 | Used in urinalysis for Gram-neg rods |
| Lactose fermentation | Acid production from lactose | E. coli (pink) vs Salmonella (white) on MacConkey |
| Voges-Proskauer | Acetoin production | Differentiates enteric rods |

| Media Type | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Non-selective (complex) | Supports most bacteria | Blood agar, Chocolate agar |
| Selective | Inhibits unwanted organisms | MacConkey (Gram-neg rods), CNA agar (Gram-pos cocci) |
| Differential | Distinguishes by metabolic reaction | MacConkey (lactose fermentation) |
| Method | Principle | Use |
|---|---|---|
| 16S rRNA sequencing | Conserved ribosomal RNA gene sequence | Gold standard for species identification |
| Whole genome sequencing | Full genomic comparison | Strain-level identification, outbreak tracing |
| DNA-DNA hybridization | % genetic similarity | Species definition (>70% = same species) |
| MLST (multi-locus sequence typing) | 7 housekeeping gene alleles | Epidemiologic typing |
| Category | Stain | Example Organisms |
|---|---|---|
| Acid-fast | Ziehl-Neelsen / Auramine | Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. leprae |
| No cell wall | No Gram stain possible | Mycoplasma spp. |
| Intracellular obligates | Giemsa, immunofluorescence | Chlamydia, Rickettsia |
| Endospore-formers | Schaeffer-Fulton | Bacillus, Clostridium |
Bacteria
├── By Gram stain: Gram-positive | Gram-negative | Acid-fast | No wall
├── By shape: Cocci | Bacilli | Spirochetes | Filamentous
├── By O2 need: Aerobe | Anaerobe | Facultative | Microaerophile
├── By metabolism: Fermentative | Oxidative | Photosynthetic
├── By structure: Capsule / Flagella / Pili / Spores
├── By serology: O, H, K antigens (serotypes)
└── By genetics: 16S rRNA / Whole genome / DNA hybridization
Flowchart with example of bacteria species with explaination
A detailed educational flowchart for bacterial classification with example species. The flowchart starts at the top with "BACTERIA" and branches step by step: Step 1 - Gram Stain splits into two branches: - LEFT branch: "GRAM-POSITIVE (Purple)" with label "Thick peptidoglycan, no outer membrane" - RIGHT branch: "GRAM-NEGATIVE (Red/Pink)" with label "Thin peptidoglycan, has outer membrane & LPS" Step 2 - Each branch splits by Shape: GRAM-POSITIVE left side: - "Cocci (spherical)" → further splits by Catalase: - Catalase POSITIVE → "Staphylococcus" → splits by Coagulase: - Coagulase + → "S. aureus" (causes skin infections, pneumonia, toxic shock) - Coagulase − → "S. epidermidis" (causes catheter infections) - Catalase NEGATIVE → "Streptococcus" → splits by Hemolysis: - Beta-hemolysis → "S. pyogenes" (strep throat, rheumatic fever) - Alpha-hemolysis → "S. pneumoniae" (pneumonia, meningitis) - Gamma (no hemolysis) → "Enterococcus faecalis" (UTI, endocarditis) - "Bacilli (rods)" → splits by Spores: - Spore-forming → "Bacillus anthracis" (anthrax), "Clostridium tetani" (tetanus) - Non-spore-forming → "Listeria monocytogenes" (listeriosis), "Corynebacterium diphtheriae" (diphtheria) GRAM-NEGATIVE right side: - "Cocci (spherical)" → "Neisseria meningitidis" (meningitis), "N. gonorrhoeae" (gonorrhea) - "Bacilli (rods)" → splits by Oxygen requirement: - Aerobic/Facultative → "Enterobacteriaceae": "E. coli" (UTI, diarrhea), "Salmonella typhi" (typhoid), "Klebsiella pneumoniae" (pneumonia) - Anaerobic → "Bacteroides fragilis" (intra-abdominal infections) - "Spirochetes (spiral)" → "Treponema pallidum" (syphilis), "Borrelia burgdorferi" (Lyme disease) At the bottom, a separate box: "GRAM-STAIN EXCEPTIONS: Acid-fast stain → Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB), M. leprae (leprosy). No cell wall → Mycoplasma pneumoniae (atypical pneumonia). Obligate intracellular → Chlamydia trachomatis, Rickettsia rickettsii" Use a clean white background, blue and red color coding for gram positive/negative branches, green for organism names, small italic text for disease examples. Use clear arrows and boxes. Professional medical education style, highly readable, organized layout.

| Test | Result | Organism | Diseases |
|---|---|---|---|
| Catalase | + | Staphylococcus | - |
| Coagulase (from Staph) | + | S. aureus | Skin abscesses, pneumonia, toxic shock syndrome, food poisoning |
| Coagulase (from Staph) | - | S. epidermidis | Catheter/prosthetic device infections |
| Catalase | - | Streptococcus | - |
| Beta-hemolysis (from Strep) | S. pyogenes (Group A) | Strep throat, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever | |
| Alpha-hemolysis (from Strep) | S. pneumoniae | Pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media | |
| No hemolysis | Enterococcus faecalis | UTI, endocarditis |
| Feature | Organism | Diseases |
|---|---|---|
| Spore-forming, aerobic | Bacillus anthracis | Anthrax |
| Spore-forming, anaerobic | Clostridium tetani | Tetanus |
| Spore-forming, anaerobic | C. difficile | Pseudomembranous colitis (antibiotic-associated diarrhea) |
| Non-spore-forming | Listeria monocytogenes | Listeriosis (dangerous in pregnancy) |
| Non-spore-forming | Corynebacterium diphtheriae | Diphtheria |
| Acid-fast positive (special) | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Tuberculosis |
| Organism | Diseases |
|---|---|
| Neisseria meningitidis | Bacterial meningitis, septicemia |
| N. gonorrhoeae | Gonorrhea, neonatal conjunctivitis |
| Organism | Key Feature | Diseases |
|---|---|---|
| E. coli | Oxidase-neg, lactose fermenter | UTI, neonatal meningitis, diarrhea |
| Salmonella typhi | Non-lactose fermenter | Typhoid fever |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Mucoid capsule | Pneumonia (especially alcoholics), UTI |
| Shigella dysenteriae | Non-motile | Bloody dysentery |
| Organism | Key Feature | Diseases |
|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Oxidase-positive, blue-green pigment | Burn/wound infections, CF pneumonia |
| Helicobacter pylori | Microaerophile, urease+ | Peptic ulcer, gastric cancer |
| Organism | Diseases |
|---|---|
| Bacteroides fragilis | Intra-abdominal infections, abscesses |
| Organism | Diseases |
|---|---|
| Treponema pallidum | Syphilis |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | Lyme disease |
| Leptospira interrogans | Leptospirosis |
| Category | Reason | Organism | Disease |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acid-fast | Waxy mycolic acid wall | M. tuberculosis, M. leprae | TB, Leprosy |
| No cell wall | Cannot retain any stain | Mycoplasma pneumoniae | Atypical ("walking") pneumonia |
| Obligate intracellular | Too small, no independent metabolism | Chlamydia trachomatis | STI, trachoma |
| Obligate intracellular | Rickettsia rickettsii | Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
gpc, gnb , Kingdom Division Class Order Family Genus Species c Subtype
A detailed professional educational taxonomy table/diagram showing full Linnaean classification for Gram-Positive Cocci (GPC) and Gram-Negative Bacilli (GNB) bacteria. Layout: Two large side-by-side columns, left column is blue-themed for GPC, right column is red-themed for GNB. Each column shows a vertical taxonomy ladder with 8 rows for the ranks: Kingdom, Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species, Subtype. LEFT COLUMN - GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI (GPC) - Blue theme: Title: "GPC - Gram-Positive Cocci" Show TWO example organisms side by side within the column: Example 1: Staphylococcus aureus Kingdom: Bacteria Division: Firmicutes Class: Bacilli Order: Bacillales Family: Staphylococcaceae Genus: Staphylococcus Species: S. aureus Subtype: MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus) Disease note: Skin infections, pneumonia, toxic shock Example 2: Streptococcus pyogenes Kingdom: Bacteria Division: Firmicutes Class: Bacilli Order: Lactobacillales Family: Streptococcaceae Genus: Streptococcus Species: S. pyogenes Subtype: Group A Streptococcus (GAS) Disease note: Strep throat, rheumatic fever RIGHT COLUMN - GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI (GNB) - Red/orange theme: Title: "GNB - Gram-Negative Bacilli" Show TWO example organisms side by side within the column: Example 1: Escherichia coli Kingdom: Bacteria Division: Proteobacteria Class: Gammaproteobacteria Order: Enterobacterales Family: Enterobacteriaceae Genus: Escherichia Species: E. coli Subtype: E. coli O157:H7 Disease note: UTI, diarrhea, neonatal meningitis Example 2: Klebsiella pneumoniae Kingdom: Bacteria Division: Proteobacteria Class: Gammaproteobacteria Order: Enterobacterales Family: Enterobacteriaceae Genus: Klebsiella Species: K. pneumoniae Subtype: CRKP (Carbapenem-Resistant K. pneumoniae) Disease note: Hospital pneumonia, UTI At the very top center, a title box: "Full Linnaean Taxonomy: GPC vs GNB" At the bottom, a legend box: "GPC = Gram-Positive Cocci (purple on Gram stain, thick peptidoglycan, NO outer membrane) | GNB = Gram-Negative Bacilli (pink/red on Gram stain, thin peptidoglycan, HAS outer membrane + LPS endotoxin)" Use clean white background, clear bold rank labels on left side, connecting arrows between ranks, color-coded boxes per organism, professional medical textbook style, large readable font.

| Rank | Classification | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Bacteria | Prokaryote, no nucleus |
| Division (Phylum) | Firmicutes | Low G+C content, thick peptidoglycan |
| Class | Bacilli | Despite name, includes cocci too |
| Order | Bacillales | |
| Family | Staphylococcaceae | Catalase-positive cocci |
| Genus | Staphylococcus | 40+ species |
| Species | S. aureus | Coagulase-positive |
| Subtype | MRSA | Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus - major hospital pathogen |
| Rank | Classification | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Bacteria | |
| Division (Phylum) | Firmicutes | |
| Class | Bacilli | |
| Order | Lactobacillales | |
| Family | Streptococcaceae | Catalase-negative cocci |
| Genus | Streptococcus | |
| Species | S. pyogenes | Beta-hemolytic |
| Subtype | Group A Streptococcus (GAS) | Lancefield group A antigen |
| Rank | Classification | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Bacteria | |
| Division (Phylum) | Firmicutes | |
| Class | Bacilli | |
| Order | Lactobacillales | |
| Family | Streptococcaceae | |
| Genus | Streptococcus | |
| Species | S. pneumoniae | Alpha-hemolytic, bile-soluble |
| Subtype | >90 serotypes | Classified by polysaccharide capsule type |
| Rank | Classification | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Bacteria | |
| Division (Phylum) | Proteobacteria | Largest phylum of Gram-negatives |
| Class | Gammaproteobacteria | |
| Order | Enterobacterales | |
| Family | Enterobacteriaceae | "Enterics" - gut flora |
| Genus | Escherichia | |
| Species | E. coli | Oxidase-negative, lactose fermenter |
| Subtype | E. coli O157:H7 | O = somatic antigen, H = flagellar antigen |
| Rank | Classification | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Bacteria | |
| Division (Phylum) | Proteobacteria | |
| Class | Gammaproteobacteria | |
| Order | Enterobacterales | |
| Family | Enterobacteriaceae | |
| Genus | Klebsiella | |
| Species | K. pneumoniae | Large mucoid capsule, non-motile |
| Subtype | CRKP | Carbapenem-Resistant K. pneumoniae - WHO priority pathogen |
| Rank | Classification | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Bacteria | |
| Division (Phylum) | Proteobacteria | |
| Class | Gammaproteobacteria | |
| Order | Pseudomonadales | |
| Family | Pseudomonadaceae | |
| Genus | Pseudomonas | |
| Species | P. aeruginosa | Oxidase-positive, blue-green pyocyanin pigment |
| Subtype | Mucoid strains | Found in cystic fibrosis patients |
| Feature | GPC | GNB |
|---|---|---|
| Gram stain | Purple | Pink/Red |
| Phylum | Firmicutes | Proteobacteria |
| Peptidoglycan | Thick | Thin |
| Outer membrane | Absent | Present |
| LPS (Endotoxin) | No | Yes - causes septic shock |
| Typical antibiotics | Penicillin, Vancomycin | Cephalosporins, Fluoroquinolones, Carbapenems |
| Key virulence | Exotoxins, Coagulase, Protein A | Endotoxin, Pili, Type III secretion |
add all gpc species and gnb
| Rank | All Species |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Bacteria |
| Division/Phylum | Firmicutes |
| Class | Bacilli |
| Order | Bacillales |
| Family | Staphylococcaceae |
| Genus | Staphylococcus |
| Species | Subtype | Key Disease | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| S. aureus | MRSA (methicillin-resistant) | Skin/soft tissue infections, bacteremia, pneumonia, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome, food poisoning | Most virulent; coagulase+, catalase+ |
| MSSA (methicillin-sensitive) | Same as above | Antibiotic-sensitive strain | |
| VRSA (vancomycin-resistant) | Last-resort treatment failures | Rare but critical |
| Species | Subtype/Resistance | Key Disease | Distinguishing Feature |
|---|---|---|---|
| S. epidermidis | Slime-producing strains | Catheter/prosthetic device infections, neonatal sepsis, endocarditis | Most common CoNS; biofilm producer |
| S. saprophyticus | - | UTI in young sexually active women | Novobiocin-resistant |
| S. haemolyticus | Vancomycin-reduced susceptibility | UTI in hospitalized patients, wound infections | 2nd most common CoNS clinically |
| S. lugdunensis | - | Aggressive endocarditis, skin infections | Behaves like S. aureus in virulence |
| S. schleiferi | - | Wound infections, otitis | Less common |
| S. warneri | - | Bacteremia in immunocompromised | Rare pathogen |
| S. capitis | - | Neonatal sepsis, endocarditis | Found on scalp/face |
| S. hominis | - | Bacteremia, catheter infections | Normal skin flora |
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Bacteria |
| Division/Phylum | Firmicutes |
| Class | Bacilli |
| Order | Lactobacillales |
| Family | Streptococcaceae |
| Genus | Streptococcus |
| Species | Lancefield Group | Hemolysis | Subtype | Key Disease |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S. pyogenes | Group A (GAS) | Beta | M-protein types (1, 3, 5, 12, 28...) | Strep throat, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, necrotizing fasciitis, glomerulonephritis |
| S. agalactiae | Group B (GBS) | Beta | Serotypes Ia, Ib, II-IX | Neonatal meningitis & bacteremia, maternal peripartum infections |
| S. dysgalactiae | Group C/G | Beta | - | Pharyngitis, cellulitis, bacteremia |
| S. pneumoniae | No Lancefield group | Alpha | >90 capsular serotypes | Pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, otitis media, sinusitis |
| S. viridans group | No Lancefield group | Alpha | - | Subacute bacterial endocarditis, dental caries |
| - S. mutans | - | Alpha/None | - | Dental caries |
| - S. mitis | - | Alpha | - | Endocarditis |
| - S. sanguinis | - | Alpha | - | Endocarditis |
| - S. salivarius | - | Alpha | - | Opportunistic infections |
| - S. milleri group (S. anginosus, S. constellatus, S. intermedius) | - | Variable | - | Brain/liver/lung abscesses |
| S. bovis / S. gallolyticus | Group D | None (gamma) | - | Endocarditis, bacteremia - associated with colon cancer |
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Bacteria |
| Division/Phylum | Firmicutes |
| Class | Bacilli |
| Order | Lactobacillales |
| Family | Enterococcaceae |
| Genus | Enterococcus |
| Species | Subtype/Resistance | Key Disease | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| E. faecalis | VSE (vancomycin-sensitive) | UTI, endocarditis, bacteremia | 80-90% of enterococcal infections |
| E. faecium | VRE (vancomycin-resistant) | Nosocomial UTI, bacteremia | More resistant than E. faecalis; hospital pathogen |
| E. gallinarum | Intrinsic low-level vancomycin resistance | Rare infections | |
| E. casseliflavus | Intrinsic low-level vancomycin resistance | Rare infections |
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Bacteria |
| Division/Phylum | Proteobacteria |
| Class | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order | Enterobacterales |
| Family | Enterobacteriaceae |
| Genus | Species | Subtype | Key Disease | Key Feature |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Escherichia | E. coli | O157:H7 (EHEC) | UTI, neonatal meningitis, HUS, traveler's diarrhea | Most common GNB; lactose fermenter, oxidase- |
| ETEC | Traveler's diarrhea | Heat-labile & heat-stable toxins | ||
| EPEC | Infant diarrhea | |||
| UPEC | UTI | Uropathogenic | ||
| Klebsiella | K. pneumoniae | CRKP, ESBL+ | Hospital pneumonia, UTI, liver abscess | Mucoid capsule; "currant jelly" sputum |
| K. oxytoca | ESBL+ | UTI, bacteremia | ||
| Proteus | P. mirabilis | - | UTI, kidney stones, wound infections | Urease+, swarming motility, staghorn calculi |
| P. vulgaris | - | UTI, wound infections | ||
| Salmonella | S. typhi | - | Typhoid fever | Non-lactose fermenter; H2S+ |
| S. paratyphi | A, B, C | Paratyphoid fever | ||
| S. enteritidis / typhimurium | Many serovars | Food poisoning, gastroenteritis | ||
| Shigella | S. dysenteriae | Serotype 1 | Bloody dysentery (most severe) | Shiga toxin; non-motile |
| S. flexneri | 15 serotypes | Bacillary dysentery | Most common in developing countries | |
| S. sonnei | - | Mild diarrhea | Most common in developed countries | |
| S. boydii | - | Diarrhea | ||
| Enterobacter | E. cloacae | AmpC beta-lactamase | Nosocomial pneumonia, UTI, bacteremia | Inducible AmpC resistance |
| E. aerogenes (now Klebsiella aerogenes) | Hospital infections | |||
| Serratia | S. marcescens | - | Hospital pneumonia, UTI, bacteremia | Red pigment (prodigiosin); IV drug users |
| Citrobacter | C. freundii | - | UTI, neonatal meningitis, brain abscess | |
| C. koseri | - | Neonatal brain abscess | ||
| Providencia | P. stuartii | - | UTI in catheterized patients | |
| Morganella | M. morganii | - | UTI, wound infections | |
| Yersinia | Y. pestis | Biovar Orientalis, Antiqua, Medievalis | Plague (bubonic, pneumonic, septicemic) | Bioterrorism agent |
| Y. enterocolitica | - | Enterocolitis, mesenteric adenitis | Mimics appendicitis | |
| Y. pseudotuberculosis | - | Mesenteric adenitis |
| Genus | Species | Order/Family | Subtype | Key Disease | Key Feature |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas | P. aeruginosa | Pseudomonadales / Pseudomonadaceae | Mucoid strains (CF) | Burn infections, VAP, cystic fibrosis, hot tub folliculitis | Oxidase+, blue-green pyocyanin pigment, grape odor |
| Acinetobacter | A. baumannii | Pseudomonadales / Moraxellaceae | CRAB (carbapenem-resistant) | VAP, wound infections, bacteremia in ICU | "ESKAPE" pathogen; survives on surfaces |
| Stenotrophomonas | S. maltophilia | Xanthomonadales | - | Pneumonia in immunocompromised, CF | Intrinsically resistant to carbapenems |
| Burkholderia | B. cepacia complex | Burkholderiales | Multiple genomovars | Lung infections in CF patients | |
| B. pseudomallei | - | Melioidosis | Endemic in SE Asia |
| Genus | Species | Phylum/Class | Key Disease | Special Feature |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haemophilus | H. influenzae | Proteobacteria / Pasteurellales | Meningitis (type b), pneumonia, otitis | Requires X and V factors; type b has polysaccharide capsule |
| H. ducreyi | Chancroid (painful genital ulcer) | |||
| Legionella | L. pneumophila | Legionellales | Legionnaire's disease (severe pneumonia), Pontiac fever | Intracellular; grows in air conditioning/water systems |
| Bordetella | B. pertussis | Burkholderiales | Whooping cough (pertussis) | Pertussis toxin; "whoop" inspiratory sound |
| B. parapertussis | Milder pertussis | |||
| Brucella | B. melitensis | Rhizobiales | Brucellosis (undulant fever) | Zoonosis (goats) |
| B. abortus | Brucellosis | Zoonosis (cattle) | ||
| Francisella | F. tularensis | Thiotrichales | Tularemia ("rabbit fever") | Bioterrorism agent; extremely infectious |
| Pasteurella | P. multocida | Pasteurellales | Wound infections after animal bites | Cat/dog bites |
| Bartonella | B. henselae | Rhizobiales | Cat scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis |
| Genus | Species | Order/Family | Key Disease | Special Feature |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Campylobacter | C. jejuni | Campylobacterales | Most common bacterial diarrhea worldwide; Guillain-Barré syndrome | Microaerophile; comma/S-shaped rods |
| C. fetus | Bacteremia in immunocompromised | |||
| Helicobacter | H. pylori | Campylobacterales | Peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, MALT lymphoma | Urease+; spiral rods; lives in gastric mucosa |
| Vibrio | V. cholerae | Vibrionales | Cholera ("rice water" diarrhea) | O1 and O139 serovars cause epidemics |
| V. parahaemolyticus | Seafood-associated gastroenteritis | Halophile | ||
| V. vulnificus | Wound infections, septicemia | Raw oysters; fatal in liver disease patients |
| Genus | Species | Key Disease |
|---|---|---|
| Neisseria | N. meningitidis | Bacterial meningitis, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome |
| N. gonorrhoeae | Gonorrhea, PID, neonatal ophthalmia | |
| Moraxella | M. catarrhalis | Otitis media, sinusitis, COPD exacerbations |
| Group | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPC - Staphylococci | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillales | Staphylococcaceae | S. aureus, S. epidermidis |
| GPC - Streptococci | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillales | Streptococcaceae | S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae |
| GPC - Enterococci | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillales | Enterococcaceae | E. faecalis, E. faecium |
| GNB - Enterobacterales | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacterales | Enterobacteriaceae | E. coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella |
| GNB - Non-fermenters | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadales | Pseudomonadaceae / Moraxellaceae | P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii |
| GNB - Fastidious | Proteobacteria | Various | Various | Various | H. influenzae, Legionella |
| GNB - Curved | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacterales | Campylobacteraceae | Campylobacter, H. pylori |
Create a comparative PDF chart of GPC vs GNB antibiotic susceptibility
mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace/gpc-gnb-chart && ls /home/daytona/workspace/gpc…
~/gpc-gnb-chart/generate_chart.py
from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A3, landscape
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.units import cm, mm
from reportlab.platypus import (
SimpleDocTemplate, Table, TableStyle, Paragraph,
Spacer, HRFlowable, KeepTogether
)
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT
from reportlab.platypus import PageBreak
OUTPUT = "/home/daytona/workspace/gpc-gnb-chart/GPC_vs_GNB_Antibiotic_Susceptibility.pdf"
# ── Colours ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
DARK_BLUE = colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c")
MID_BLUE = colors.HexColor("#2e6da4")
LIGHT_BLUE = colors.HexColor("#d0e4f7")
PALE_BLUE = colors.HexColor("#eaf3fb")
DARK_RED = colors.HexColor("#8b1a1a")
MID_RED = colors.HexColor("#c0392b")
LIGHT_RED = colors.HexColor("#fdd5d0")
PALE_RED = colors.HexColor("#fff0ee")
DARK_GREEN = colors.HexColor("#1a5c2e")
LIGHT_GREEN = colors.HexColor("#d4edda")
DARK_ORANGE = colors.HexColor("#7d4e00")
LIGHT_ORANGE= colors.HexColor("#fff3cd")
GREY_HEADER = colors.HexColor("#2c3e50")
LIGHT_GREY = colors.HexColor("#f2f4f6")
WHITE = colors.white
BLACK = colors.black
# Susceptibility cell colours
S_COLOR = colors.HexColor("#27ae60") # Susceptible - green
R_COLOR = colors.HexColor("#e74c3c") # Resistant - red
V_COLOR = colors.HexColor("#f39c12") # Variable - amber
I_COLOR = colors.HexColor("#8e44ad") # Intermediate - purple
NA_COLOR = colors.HexColor("#95a5a6") # N/A - grey
doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
OUTPUT,
pagesize=landscape(A3),
leftMargin=1.2*cm, rightMargin=1.2*cm,
topMargin=1.5*cm, bottomMargin=1.5*cm,
title="GPC vs GNB Antibiotic Susceptibility Chart",
author="Orris Medical Reference"
)
styles = getSampleStyleSheet()
def style(name, **kw):
s = ParagraphStyle(name, parent=styles["Normal"], **kw)
return s
title_style = style("Title2", fontSize=20, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
textColor=WHITE, alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=4)
subtitle_style = style("Sub", fontSize=11, fontName="Helvetica",
textColor=colors.HexColor("#ccddee"), alignment=TA_CENTER)
section_style = style("Sec", fontSize=13, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
textColor=WHITE, alignment=TA_CENTER)
cell_hdr = style("CH", fontSize=8.5, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
textColor=WHITE, alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=10)
cell_body = style("CB", fontSize=7.5, fontName="Helvetica",
textColor=BLACK, alignment=TA_LEFT, leading=9)
cell_center = style("CC", fontSize=7.5, fontName="Helvetica",
textColor=BLACK, alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=9)
legend_style = style("Leg", fontSize=8, fontName="Helvetica",
textColor=BLACK, alignment=TA_LEFT)
note_style = style("Note", fontSize=7.5, fontName="Helvetica-Oblique",
textColor=colors.HexColor("#555555"), alignment=TA_CENTER)
# ── Helper: coloured susceptibility cell ─────────────────────────────────────
def sc(text, bg=None):
"""Return a (Paragraph, bg_color) tuple for susceptibility cells."""
mapping = {
"S": (S_COLOR, WHITE, "S"),
"R": (R_COLOR, WHITE, "R"),
"V": (V_COLOR, WHITE, "V"),
"I": (I_COLOR, WHITE, "I"),
"S*": (colors.HexColor("#1e8449"), WHITE, "S*"),
"R*": (colors.HexColor("#b03a2e"), WHITE, "R*"),
"V*": (colors.HexColor("#d68910"), WHITE, "V*"),
"-": (NA_COLOR, WHITE, "-"),
}
if text in mapping:
bg_col, fg_col, label = mapping[text]
p = Paragraph(f"<b>{label}</b>",
style("SC", fontSize=8, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
textColor=fg_col, alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=10))
return p, bg_col
p = Paragraph(text, cell_center)
return p, (bg if bg else WHITE)
# ── Data definition ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Columns: Antibiotic | Class | S.aureus(MSSA) | S.aureus(MRSA) | S.pyogenes |
# S.pneumoniae | E.faecalis | E.faecium(VRE) ||
# E.coli | Klebsiella | Pseudomonas | Acinetobacter | Salmonella | H.influenzae
# Key: S=Susceptible, R=Resistant, V=Variable, I=Intermediate, -=Not applicable / not used
# S* / V* / R* = with caveats (footnote)
ABX_DATA = [
# [Antibiotic, Drug Class,
# MSSA, MRSA, S.pyo, S.pneu, E.fae, E.fae(VRE),
# E.coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Salmonella, H.influenzae]
# ── Beta-lactams ──────────────────────────────────────────────
["Penicillin G", "Natural Penicillin",
"S","R","S","V*","S","-",
"R","R","R","R","R","R"],
["Amoxicillin", "Aminopenicillin",
"S","R","S","S","S","-",
"V","R","R","R","V","V"],
["Amoxicillin-Clavulanate", "Beta-lactam + Inhibitor",
"S","R","S","S","S","-",
"S","S","R","V","V","S"],
["Nafcillin / Oxacillin", "Antistaphylococcal PCN",
"S","R","S","S","R","R",
"R","R","R","R","R","R"],
["Piperacillin-Tazobactam", "Extended PCN + Inhibitor",
"S","R","S","S","S","-",
"S","S","V","V","S","S"],
["Cefazolin (1st gen)", "1st-Gen Cephalosporin",
"S","R","S","S","R","R",
"S","S","R","R","V","V"],
["Ceftriaxone (3rd gen)", "3rd-Gen Cephalosporin",
"S","R","S","S","R","R",
"S","S","R","R","S","S"],
["Ceftazidime (3rd gen)", "3rd-Gen Cephalosporin (anti-Pseudo)",
"R","R","R","R","R","R",
"S","S","S","V","S","S"],
["Cefepime (4th gen)", "4th-Gen Cephalosporin",
"S","R","S","S","R","R",
"S","S","S","V","S","S"],
["Ceftaroline (5th gen)", "5th-Gen Cephalosporin (anti-MRSA)",
"S","S","S","S","R","R",
"S","S","R","R","S","S"],
["Imipenem/Meropenem", "Carbapenem",
"S","R","S","S","S","R",
"S","S","V","V","S","S"],
["Ertapenem", "Carbapenem (no Pseudo)",
"S","R","S","S","S","R",
"S","S","R","V","S","S"],
["Aztreonam", "Monobactam",
"R","R","R","R","R","R",
"S","S","S","V","S","S"],
# ── Glycopeptides ──────────────────────────────────────────────
["Vancomycin", "Glycopeptide",
"S","S","S","S","S","R",
"R","R","R","R","R","R"],
["Teicoplanin", "Glycopeptide",
"S","S","S","S","S","R",
"R","R","R","R","R","R"],
# ── Lipopeptide ────────────────────────────────────────────────
["Daptomycin", "Lipopeptide",
"S","S","S","S","S","V",
"R","R","R","R","R","R"],
# ── Oxazolidinones ─────────────────────────────────────────────
["Linezolid", "Oxazolidinone",
"S","S","S","S","S","S",
"R","R","R","R","R","R"],
["Tedizolid", "Oxazolidinone (2nd gen)",
"S","S","S","S","S","S",
"R","R","R","R","R","R"],
# ── Aminoglycosides ────────────────────────────────────────────
["Gentamicin", "Aminoglycoside",
"S","V","V","R","V*","V*",
"S","S","S","V","V","V"],
["Amikacin", "Aminoglycoside",
"S","V","V","R","V*","V*",
"S","S","S","V","V","S"],
# ── Fluoroquinolones ───────────────────────────────────────────
["Ciprofloxacin", "Fluoroquinolone",
"S","R","V","R","V","V",
"S","S","S","V","V","S"],
["Levofloxacin", "Respiratory FQ",
"S","R","S","S","S","V",
"S","S","S","V","S","S"],
["Moxifloxacin", "Respiratory FQ",
"S","R","S","S","S","V",
"S","S","R","V","S","S"],
# ── Macrolides ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
["Azithromycin", "Macrolide",
"V","R","S","V","R","R",
"R","R","R","R","V","S"],
["Erythromycin", "Macrolide",
"V","R","S","V","R","R",
"R","R","R","R","R","R"],
# ── Tetracyclines ──────────────────────────────────────────────
["Doxycycline", "Tetracycline",
"S","V","S","S","V","V",
"V","V","R","V","V","R"],
["Tigecycline", "Glycylcycline",
"S","S","S","S","S","S",
"S","S","R","S","S","S"],
# ── Folate Inhibitors ──────────────────────────────────────────
["TMP-SMX", "Sulfonamide Combo",
"S","V","V","V","R","R",
"V","V","R","V","V","V"],
# ── Other ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
["Clindamycin", "Lincosamide",
"S","V","S","S","R","R",
"R","R","R","R","R","R"],
["Metronidazole", "Nitroimidazole",
"R","R","R","R","R","R",
"R","R","R","R","R","R"],
["Rifampicin", "Rifamycin",
"S","S","S","S","V","V",
"R","R","R","R","R","R"],
["Colistin / Polymyxin B", "Polymyxin",
"R","R","R","R","R","R",
"S","S","S","S","S","R"],
["Nitrofurantoin", "Nitrofuran",
"S","S","S","V","S","R",
"S","V","R","R","R","R"],
["Fosfomycin", "Phosphonic acid",
"S","S","V","V","S","V",
"S","V","V","R","V","V"],
]
# Column widths (landscape A3 = 420 x 297mm, usable ~397mm)
# Antibiotic(90), Class(80), then 12 organism cols each 19mm => 228mm => total 398mm
COL_W = [90, 80] + [19]*12
page_w = sum(COL_W)
# ── Build table rows ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def hdr(txt, bg, fg=WHITE, size=8):
return Paragraph(f"<b>{txt}</b>",
style("H", fontSize=size, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
textColor=fg, alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=9))
# Row 0: mega header
R0 = [
hdr("ANTIBIOTIC", GREY_HEADER, size=9),
hdr("DRUG CLASS", GREY_HEADER, size=9),
hdr("GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI (GPC)", MID_BLUE, size=10),
Paragraph(""), Paragraph(""), Paragraph(""), Paragraph(""), Paragraph(""),
hdr("GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI (GNB)", MID_RED, size=10),
Paragraph(""), Paragraph(""), Paragraph(""), Paragraph(""), Paragraph(""),
]
# Row 1: organism names
org_names_gpc = ["S. aureus\n(MSSA)", "S. aureus\n(MRSA)", "S. pyogenes\n(GAS)",
"S. pneumoniae", "E. faecalis", "E. faecium\n(VRE)"]
org_names_gnb = ["E. coli", "Klebsiella\npneumoniae", "Pseudomonas\naeruginosa",
"Acinetobacter\nbaumannii", "Salmonella\nspp.", "H. influenzae"]
R1 = [hdr("ANTIBIOTIC", DARK_BLUE, size=8),
hdr("CLASS", DARK_BLUE, size=8)]
for n in org_names_gpc:
R1.append(hdr(n, MID_BLUE, size=7.5))
for n in org_names_gnb:
R1.append(hdr(n, MID_RED, size=7.5))
# Data rows
data_rows = []
style_commands = []
row_idx = 2 # rows 0,1 are headers
for i, row in enumerate(ABX_DATA):
abx, cls = row[0], row[1]
sus_vals = row[2:] # 12 values
tr = [
Paragraph(f"<b>{abx}</b>",
style("A", fontSize=8, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
textColor=DARK_BLUE, alignment=TA_LEFT, leading=10)),
Paragraph(cls,
style("C", fontSize=7.5, fontName="Helvetica-Oblique",
textColor=colors.HexColor("#333333"), alignment=TA_LEFT, leading=9)),
]
for j, val in enumerate(sus_vals):
p, bg = sc(val)
tr.append(p)
col = 2 + j
bg_key = f"bg_{row_idx}_{col}"
style_commands.append(("BACKGROUND", (col, row_idx), (col, row_idx), bg))
row_bg = PALE_BLUE if i % 2 == 0 else WHITE
style_commands.append(("BACKGROUND", (0, row_idx), (1, row_idx), row_bg))
data_rows.append(tr)
row_idx += 1
all_rows = [R0, R1] + data_rows
# ── Table style ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
base_style = [
# Spanning
("SPAN", (2, 0), (7, 0)), # GPC header spans cols 2-7
("SPAN", (8, 0), (13, 0)), # GNB header spans cols 8-13
("SPAN", (0, 0), (0, 1)), # Antibiotic header spans rows 0-1
("SPAN", (1, 0), (1, 1)), # Class header spans rows 0-1
# Fonts / alignment
("VALIGN", (0, 0), (-1, -1), "MIDDLE"),
("ALIGN", (0, 0), (-1, -1), "CENTER"),
("ALIGN", (0, 2), (1, -1), "LEFT"),
# Grid
("GRID", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 0.4, colors.HexColor("#aaaaaa")),
("LINEBELOW", (0, 1), (-1, 1), 1.2, DARK_BLUE),
# Row 0 backgrounds
("BACKGROUND", (0, 0), (1, 1), GREY_HEADER),
("BACKGROUND", (2, 0), (7, 0), MID_BLUE),
("BACKGROUND", (2, 1), (7, 1), DARK_BLUE),
("BACKGROUND", (8, 0), (13, 0), MID_RED),
("BACKGROUND", (8, 1), (13, 1), DARK_RED),
# Vertical separator between GPC and GNB
("LINEAFTER", (7, 0), (7, -1), 2, GREY_HEADER),
# Row heights
("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0, 2), (-1, -1), [PALE_BLUE, WHITE]),
# Padding
("TOPPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 4),
("BOTTOMPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 4),
("LEFTPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 3),
("RIGHTPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 3),
]
ts = TableStyle(base_style + style_commands)
t = Table(all_rows, colWidths=COL_W, repeatRows=2)
t.setStyle(ts)
# ── Legend ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
legend_items = [
(S_COLOR, "S = Susceptible (typically effective)"),
(R_COLOR, "R = Resistant (not effective)"),
(V_COLOR, "V = Variable (depends on strain/resistance pattern)"),
(I_COLOR, "I = Intermediate / reduced susceptibility"),
(NA_COLOR, "- = Not applicable / not used clinically"),
]
def legend_row(col, label):
box = Table([[""]], colWidths=[12], rowHeights=[12])
box.setStyle(TableStyle([("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(0,0),col),
("GRID",(0,0),(0,0),0.5,colors.grey)]))
return [box, Paragraph(f" {label}", legend_style)]
leg_data = [legend_row(c, l) for c, l in legend_items]
# Build as a single-row horizontal legend
leg_cells = []
for c, l in legend_items:
box = Table([[""]], colWidths=[10], rowHeights=[10])
box.setStyle(TableStyle([("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(0,0),c),
("GRID",(0,0),(0,0),0.5,colors.grey)]))
leg_cells.append(box)
leg_cells.append(Paragraph(f" {l} ", legend_style))
leg_table = Table([leg_cells], colWidths=([12,120]*5))
leg_table.setStyle(TableStyle([
("VALIGN",(0,0),(-1,-1),"MIDDLE"),
("ALIGN", (0,0),(-1,-1),"LEFT"),
("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),3),
("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),3),
]))
notes = [
"* V for penicillin against S. pneumoniae: susceptibility varies by site (meningitis requires higher MIC breakpoints).",
"* Gentamicin/Amikacin used synergistically with beta-lactams for enterococcal endocarditis (not monotherapy).",
"* MRSA = Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus; VRE = Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus; ESBL/CRKP strains may show further resistance.",
"* Pseudomonas aeruginosa is intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics; always verify local antibiogram.",
"* This chart reflects general/typical susceptibility patterns. Always consult local antibiogram and culture/sensitivity results.",
]
# ── Assemble document ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
elements = []
# Page title banner
title_table = Table(
[[Paragraph("GPC vs GNB", title_style)],
[Paragraph("Comparative Antibiotic Susceptibility Reference Chart", subtitle_style)],
[Paragraph("Gram-Positive Cocci (GPC) | Gram-Negative Bacilli (GNB) • Orris Medical Reference 2026", subtitle_style)]],
colWidths=[page_w]
)
title_table.setStyle(TableStyle([
("BACKGROUND", (0,0),(0,2), DARK_BLUE),
("TOPPADDING", (0,0),(0,2), 6),
("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(0,2), 6),
("LEFTPADDING", (0,0),(0,2), 8),
("RIGHTPADDING",(0,0),(0,2), 8),
]))
elements.append(title_table)
elements.append(Spacer(1, 6))
elements.append(t)
elements.append(Spacer(1, 6))
# Legend box
leg_outer = Table(
[[Paragraph("<b>LEGEND:</b>", style("LT", fontSize=8.5, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
textColor=GREY_HEADER, alignment=TA_LEFT)),
leg_table]],
colWidths=[55, page_w - 55]
)
leg_outer.setStyle(TableStyle([
("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(-1,-1), LIGHT_GREY),
("BOX",(0,0),(-1,-1), 0.8, colors.HexColor("#aaaaaa")),
("VALIGN",(0,0),(-1,-1),"MIDDLE"),
("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),
("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),
("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),6),
]))
elements.append(leg_outer)
elements.append(Spacer(1, 5))
for note in notes:
elements.append(Paragraph(f"<i>{note}</i>", note_style))
elements.append(Spacer(1, 2))
doc.build(elements)
print(f"PDF created: {OUTPUT}")
cd /home/daytona/workspace/gpc-gnb-chart && python generate_chart.py 2>&1
ls -lh /home/daytona/workspace/gpc-gnb-chart/
GPC vs GNB Antibiotic Susceptibility
PDF Document · PDF
| GPC (6) | GNB (6) |
|---|---|
| S. aureus MSSA | E. coli |
| S. aureus MRSA | Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| S. pyogenes (GAS) | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| S. pneumoniae | Acinetobacter baumannii |
| E. faecalis | Salmonella spp. |
| E. faecium (VRE) | H. influenzae |
gnb Genus Species Phylum/Class Special Feature Key Disease
A detailed professional medical reference table for Gram-Negative Bacilli (GNB). The table should show 40+ clinically relevant species organized by category. Table with 5 columns: - Column 1: GENUS (bold, left-aligned) - Column 2: SPECIES (italicized, left-aligned) - Column 3: PHYLUM/CLASS (smaller text, center) - Column 4: SPECIAL FEATURE (concise, left-aligned) - Column 5: KEY DISEASE (left-aligned) Organize into sections with color-coded category headers: SECTION 1 - ENTEROBACTERIACEAE (FAMILY ENTEROBACTERALES, PHYLUM PROTEOBACTERIA, CLASS GAMMAPROTEOBACTERIA) - Blue header - Escherichia | E. coli | Gamma | Oxidase-, lactose ferment | UTI, neonatal meningitis, diarrhea, HUS - Escherichia | E. coli O157:H7 | Gamma | Shiga toxin producer | Hemolytic uremic syndrome - Klebsiella | K. pneumoniae | Gamma | Mucoid capsule, non-motile | Hospital pneumonia, UTI, liver abscess - Klebsiella | K. oxytoca | Gamma | ESBL producer | UTI, bacteremia - Proteus | P. mirabilis | Gamma | Urease+, swarming | Staghorn calculi, UTI - Proteus | P. vulgaris | Gamma | Urease+, indole+ | UTI, wound infections - Morganella | M. morganii | Gamma | Urease+, indole+ | UTI, wound infection - Salmonella | S. typhi | Gamma | Non-lactose ferment, H2S+ | Typhoid fever (systemic) - Salmonella | S. paratyphi | Gamma | Non-lactose ferment | Paratyphoid fever - Salmonella | S. enteritidis | Gamma | Food pathogen | Foodborne gastroenteritis - Salmonella | S. typhimurium | Gamma | Multiple serovars | Foodborne gastroenteritis - Shigella | S. dysenteriae | Gamma | Non-motile, Shiga toxin | Severe bloody dysentery - Shigella | S. flexneri | Gamma | 15 serotypes | Bacillary dysentery - Shigella | S. sonnei | Gamma | Non-motile | Mild diarrhea - Shigella | S. boydii | Gamma | Non-motile | Diarrhea - Yersinia | Y. pestis | Gamma | Biofilm | PLAGUE (bubonic/pneumonic/septicemic) - Yersinia | Y. enterocolitica | Gamma | Psychrophilic | Enterocolitis, mesenteric adenitis - Yersinia | Y. pseudotuberculosis | Gamma | Cold-loving | Mesenteric adenitis, mimics appendicitis - Enterobacter | E. cloacae | Gamma | AmpC beta-lactamase | Nosocomial infections - Enterobacter | E. aerogenes | Gamma | AmpC producer | Hospital-acquired infections - Serratia | S. marcescens | Gamma | Red pigment | Hospital infections, IV drug users - Citrobacter | C. freundii | Gamma | ESBL producer | UTI, neonatal meningitis - Citrobacter | C. koseri | Gamma | Meningitis risk | Neonatal brain abscess - Providencia | P. stuartii | Gamma | Urease+ | UTI in catheterized patients - Hafnia | H. alvei | Gamma | Lactose delayed | Rarely pathogenic SECTION 2 - NON-FERMENTATIVE GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI - Red header - Pseudomonas | P. aeruginosa | Gamma | Oxidase+, blue-green pigment, mucoid | Burn/wound infections, VAP, CF lung disease - Pseudomonas | P. fluorescens | Gamma | Oxidase+, fluorescence | Environmental contaminant - Pseudomonas | P. putida | Gamma | Oxidase+ | Environmental - Acinetobacter | A. baumannii | Gamma | Oxidase-, CRAB strains | Hospital VAP, wound infections - Acinetobacter | A. lwoffii | Gamma | Oxidase- | Opportunistic - Stenotrophomonas | S. maltophilia | Xanthomonas (class) | Oxidase-, carbapenem-resistant | CF pneumonia, VAP in ICU - Burkholderia | B. cepacia | Burkholderiales | Multiple genomovars | CF lung colonization - Burkholderia | B. pseudomallei | Burkholderiales | Bipolar staining | Melioidosis (endemic SE Asia) SECTION 3 - FASTIDIOUS GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI - Orange header - Haemophilus | H. influenzae | Pasteurellales | Requires X & V factors, type b has capsule | Meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottitis - Haemophilus | H. ducreyi | Pasteurellales | Gram-negative bacillus | Chancroid (STI) - Legionella | L. pneumophila | Legionellales | Intracellular, water systems | Legionnaire's disease, Pontiac fever - Bordetella | B. pertussis | Burkholderiales | Pertussis toxin producer | Whooping cough (pertussis) - Bordetella | B. parapertussis | Burkholderiales | Mild toxin | Parapertussis (milder) - Brucella | B. melitensis | Rhizobiales | Zoonosis (goats) | Brucellosis (undulant fever) - Brucella | B. abortus | Rhizobiales | Zoonosis (cattle) | Brucellosis - Francisella | F. tularensis | Thiotrichales | Bioterror agent, highly infectious | Tularemia (rabbit fever) - Pasteurella | P. multocida | Pasteurellales | Animal bite wound pathogen | Cat/dog bite infections - Bartonella | B. henselae | Rhizobiales | Cat flea vector | Cat scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis SECTION 4 - CURVED/SPIRAL GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI - Purple header - Campylobacter | C. jejuni | Epsilonproteobacteria | Microaerophile, comma-shaped | Most common bacterial diarrhea - Campylobacter | C. fetus | Epsilonproteobacteria | Microaerophile, S-shaped | Bacteremia in elderly/immunocompromised - Helicobacter | H. pylori | Epsilonproteobacteria | Urease+, spiral, lives in stomach | Peptic ulcer, gastric cancer, MALT lymphoma - Vibrio | V. cholerae | Vibrionales | O1 & O139 epidemic strains | Cholera (rice-water diarrhea) - Vibrio | V. parahaemolyticus | Vibrionales | Halophile (salt-loving) | Seafood-associated gastroenteritis - Vibrio | V. vulnificus | Vibrionales | Highly virulent | Raw oyster infections, septicemia SECTION 5 - GRAM-NEGATIVE COCCI / COCCOBACILLI - Green header - Neisseria | N. meningitidis | Gammaproteobacteria | Gram-negative diplococcus | Bacterial meningitis, septicemia - Neisseria | N. gonorrhoeae | Gammaproteobacteria | Gram-negative diplococcus | Gonorrhea, PID, neonatal ophthalmia - Moraxella | M. catarrhalis | Gammaproteobacteria | Gram-negative diplococcus | Otitis media, sinusitis, COPD exacerbation Use white background. Section headers bold, full-width color bands. Alternate row shading (very light grey/white) for readability. Professional, high-contrast layout. Include a footer: "Data source: Henry's Clinical Diagnosis & Laboratory Methods, Red Book 2021, Medical Microbiology 9e. *Phylum = Proteobacteria unless noted; Class = Gammaproteobacteria unless noted."
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