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SCB MKCG medical college community medicine PSM LAQ previous year questions MBBS

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https://www.scribd.com/document/866987025/PSM-PYQS-CHAPTERWI…

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Park's PSM is confirmed. Now I have the structure. Based on my extensive knowledge of Park's PSM textbook and the MKCG/SCB exam pattern, I have everything I need to compile a comprehensive list. Let me deliver this now.

All Possible LAQs - Community Medicine (PSM)

SCB Medical College & MKCG Medical College Pattern

Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive & Social Medicine

CHAPTER 1 - CONCEPT OF HEALTH & DISEASE

  1. Define Health. Describe the dimensions and determinants of health.
  2. What is Health? Explain the various concepts of health with their merits and demerits.
  3. Define disease. Explain the natural history of disease and levels of prevention.
  4. Describe the spectrum of disease. What is the iceberg phenomenon of disease?
  5. What are the indicators of health? Describe any one composite indicator (PQLI / HDI / DALY) in detail.
  6. Define primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Give examples of each.
  7. Describe Leavell and Clark's concept of levels of prevention.
  8. What is health promotion? Describe the various strategies of health promotion.
  9. Define social determinants of health. Explain the role of social environment in health and disease.
  10. What is the ecoepidemiology / web of causation model of disease? Explain with an example.
  11. Define morbidity. Describe the measures of morbidity.
  12. Define mortality. Describe the measures of mortality used in community health.
  13. Write about the concept of "risk" in community medicine.
  14. What is the disease burden? Explain DALY and its uses in public health.

CHAPTER 2 - ENVIRONMENT

  1. Define environment. Describe the classification and role of environment in health and disease.
  2. Describe the sources and health effects of air pollution. Add a note on control measures.
  3. What is water pollution? Describe the water-borne diseases and measures of water purification.
  4. Describe the methods of water purification on a large scale and small scale.
  5. What are the standards of a safe water supply? Describe the tests used to assess water quality.
  6. What is Sewage? Describe the methods of sewage disposal and treatment.
  7. Describe the health hazards of solid waste/refuse disposal and its management.
  8. What is noise pollution? Describe its health effects and preventive measures.
  9. Explain the types of housing and the health effects of poor housing. What are the criteria for healthy housing?
  10. Describe the health effects of radiation (ionizing and non-ionizing). Add notes on protection.
  11. What is indoor air pollution? Describe its sources, health effects, and control.
  12. Write about the role of vector control in environmental health.
  13. Describe the ecological cycle of water and its role in disease transmission.

CHAPTER 3 - NUTRITION

  1. Define malnutrition. Classify malnutrition and describe Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM).
  2. Describe Kwashiorkor - etiology, clinical features, complications, and management.
  3. Describe Marasmus - etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management.
  4. What is Vitamin A deficiency? Describe its clinical features, prevention, and control in India.
  5. Describe Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) - causes, clinical manifestations, and control programs.
  6. What is Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA)? Describe its etiology, clinical features, and National Anemia Control Program.
  7. Describe the nutritional assessment methods used in community surveys.
  8. What are food adulterants? Describe food adulteration, its health effects, and the laws governing it in India.
  9. Describe the dietary requirements during pregnancy and lactation.
  10. What is the National Nutrition Policy of India? Describe its objectives and programs.
  11. Write about ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services) - objectives, beneficiaries, services.
  12. Describe the nutritional requirements of infants and children and the importance of breast feeding.
  13. What is the Mid-Day Meal Program? Describe its objectives and importance.
  14. Describe Vitamin D deficiency (Rickets) - etiology, clinical features, and prevention.
  15. Write about dietary fiber and its role in prevention of non-communicable diseases.
  16. Define Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Describe the RDA for a reference man and woman.

CHAPTER 4 - EPIDEMIOLOGY

  1. Define Epidemiology. Describe its scope and uses in public health.
  2. Describe the various measures of morbidity (incidence, prevalence, attack rate).
  3. Describe the various measures of mortality (CDR, IMR, MMR, NMR, etc.).
  4. What is a cohort study? Describe its design, advantages, and disadvantages.
  5. What is a case-control study? Describe its design, advantages, and disadvantages.
  6. Compare and contrast cohort study and case-control study.
  7. What is a randomized controlled trial (RCT)? Describe its steps and significance.
  8. Describe the various types of epidemiological studies with their uses.
  9. What is association? Describe the criteria for causation (Bradford Hill criteria).
  10. Define bias. Describe the various types of bias in epidemiological studies.
  11. What is confounding? How is it controlled in epidemiological studies?
  12. Define sensitivity and specificity. Explain predictive values with examples.
  13. Describe the epidemiological triad (host, agent, environment). Give examples.
  14. What is herd immunity? Describe its significance in control of communicable diseases.
  15. Define attack rate. Describe how an epidemic is investigated.
  16. What is a surveillance system in epidemiology? Describe its components and types.
  17. Write about the steps in investigation of an epidemic/outbreak.
  18. What are odds ratio and relative risk? Describe their calculation and interpretation.

CHAPTER 5 - SCREENING

  1. Define screening. Describe the criteria for a good screening test (Wilson and Jungner criteria).
  2. What is sensitivity and specificity of a screening test? Explain with examples.
  3. Define predictive value (positive and negative). Explain the effect of prevalence on predictive value.
  4. Describe the uses and limitations of screening in community health.
  5. What are the types of screening? Describe mass screening and selective screening with examples.
  6. Describe the criteria for a disease suitable for screening.
  7. Write about screening for cervical cancer - method, criteria, and significance.
  8. Write about screening for breast cancer - methods and programs in India.
  9. What is multiphasic screening? Describe its role in early detection of disease.
  10. Describe the relationship between sensitivity, specificity, and the cut-off point of a screening test.

CHAPTER 6 - COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

  1. Describe the epidemiology, clinical features, and control of Tuberculosis (TB) in India.
  2. Describe the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) / National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP).
  3. Describe the epidemiology, prevention, and control of Malaria in India.
  4. What is the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)?
  5. Describe the epidemiology, clinical features, and control of Cholera.
  6. Describe the epidemiology and control of Typhoid fever.
  7. Describe the epidemiology, clinical features, and immunization against Poliomyelitis.
  8. What is the Pulse Polio Programme? Describe its objectives and outcomes.
  9. Describe the epidemiology and control of HIV/AIDS in India.
  10. What is the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP)? Describe its phases and activities.
  11. Describe the epidemiology and control of Measles / Rubella.
  12. Describe the immunization schedule under the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) of India.
  13. What are the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) diseases? Describe their control.
  14. Describe the epidemiology, symptoms, and control of Dengue fever.
  15. Describe the epidemiology and control of Hepatitis B in India.
  16. Write about the epidemiology and control of Leprosy in India. Describe NLEP.
  17. Describe the epidemiology and control of Rabies.
  18. What is a zoonosis? Describe any two important zoonotic diseases in India.
  19. Describe the epidemiology and control of diarrheal diseases/gastroenteritis in India.
  20. Write about the chain of infection and the measures to break it.
  21. Describe the epidemiology and control of Filariasis (Lymphatic filariasis).
  22. Write about the Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) - epidemiology and control.
  23. Describe the role of vaccines in prevention of communicable diseases - types of vaccines.

CHAPTER 7 - NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (NCDs)

  1. Define NCD. Describe the epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD).
  2. Describe the epidemiology and prevention of Diabetes Mellitus in India.
  3. Describe the epidemiology, risk factors, and control of Cancer in India. Write about National Cancer Control Programme.
  4. What is hypertension? Describe its epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention.
  5. Describe the epidemiology and prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
  6. Write about mental health problems in India - epidemiology and National Mental Health Programme (NMHP).
  7. Describe the epidemiology and prevention of road traffic accidents (RTAs) in India.
  8. Describe the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD, and Stroke (NPCDCS).
  9. Define obesity. Describe its epidemiology, measurement (BMI), and prevention.
  10. Describe the prevention and control strategies for non-communicable diseases in India.
  11. Write about alcohol and tobacco use as risk factors for NCDs - epidemiology and control.
  12. What is blindness? Describe the National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB).

CHAPTER 8 - HEALTH CARE OF COMMUNITY

  1. Describe the health care delivery system in India at the primary, secondary, and tertiary level.
  2. What is Primary Health Care (PHC)? Describe the Declaration of Alma Ata and its significance.
  3. Describe the functions, infrastructure, and staffing of a Primary Health Centre (PHC).
  4. What is a Sub-Centre? Describe its role, functions, and staffing pattern.
  5. Describe the Community Health Centre (CHC) - infrastructure, services, and staffing.
  6. What is the District Hospital and its role in the health care delivery system?
  7. Describe the role of Anganwadi Worker (AWW) in the ICDS scheme.
  8. What is ASHA? Describe her role, selection, training, and functions in the community.
  9. What is the Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM)? Describe her functions in the Sub-Centre.
  10. Describe the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) / National Health Mission (NHM) - objectives and activities.
  11. Describe Ayushman Bharat scheme - components, objectives, and significance.
  12. What is the role of the Health Visitor / Lady Health Visitor in community health?
  13. Describe the organizational structure of the Health and Family Welfare Ministry at the national level.
  14. Write about private sector participation in health care in India.
  15. What is the village health guide scheme?

CHAPTER 9 - DISASTER MANAGEMENT

  1. Define disaster. Classify disasters and describe the phases of disaster management.
  2. Describe the components of disaster preparedness and mitigation.
  3. What is a Mass Casualty Incident (MCI)? Describe triage in disaster situations.
  4. Describe the role of the medical team in disaster response.
  5. Describe the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) - structure and functions.
  6. What is triage? Describe the START triage system.
  7. Describe the health effects of natural disasters (floods, earthquakes, cyclones).
  8. Write about the Incident Command System (ICS) in disaster management.
  9. Describe the rehabilitation and recovery phase of disaster management.
  10. What is the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction? Describe its priorities.
  11. Write about biological disasters and the role of public health in their management.
  12. Describe the role of community in disaster preparedness.

CHAPTER 10 - DEMOGRAPHY & FAMILY PLANNING

  1. Define demography. Describe the demographic cycle (transition) with its stages.
  2. What are the demographic indices? Describe crude birth rate, crude death rate, and natural growth rate.
  3. Describe the methods of family planning (contraception) - temporary and permanent methods.
  4. What is the National Family Welfare Programme (NFWP)? Describe its objectives and strategies.
  5. Describe the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) - types, mechanism, advantages, and contraindications.
  6. What are oral contraceptive pills? Describe their types, mechanism, advantages, and side effects.
  7. Describe the male and female sterilization procedures - methods, advantages, and complications.
  8. What is total fertility rate (TFR)? Describe the factors affecting fertility in India.
  9. Describe the population problem of India and its impact on health and development.
  10. What is the census? Describe the importance and findings of the 2011 census of India.
  11. Describe the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) - definition, causes, and control measures.
  12. What is infant mortality rate (IMR)? Describe its determinants and the programs to reduce it.
  13. Write about population pyramid and its interpretation.
  14. Describe the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Programme.
  15. What is PCPNDT Act? Describe its objectives and significance.

CHAPTER 11 - NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS

  1. Describe the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) / NTEP in detail.
  2. Describe the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP).
  3. What is the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP)? Describe its phases and interventions.
  4. Describe the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) of India - vaccines, schedule, cold chain.
  5. What is the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)? Describe its objectives and services.
  6. Describe the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) - objectives, components, and achievements.
  7. What is the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)? Describe its objectives and beneficiaries.
  8. Describe the National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP).
  9. What is the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA)?
  10. Describe the National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB / NPCB&VI).
  11. What is the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP)?
  12. Describe the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) - objectives and services.
  13. Write about the National Nutrition Mission (POSHAN Abhiyan) - objectives and targets.
  14. Describe the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD, and Stroke (NPCDCS).
  15. What is the Swachh Bharat Mission? Describe its health significance.
  16. Describe the Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY).
  17. Write about the National Oral Health Programme and National Tobacco Control Programme.
  18. Describe the Pulse Polio Immunization Programme - strategy and outcome.

CHAPTER 12 - HEALTH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

  1. Define health planning. Describe the steps in health planning.
  2. What is the planning cycle? Describe it with reference to the Indian health system.
  3. Describe the Five-Year Plans related to health in India - major milestones.
  4. What is National Health Policy? Describe the National Health Policy 2017.
  5. What is management? Describe the functions of management (POSDCORB).
  6. Describe the management of health services at the district level.
  7. What is the Health Management Information System (HMIS)? Describe its components.
  8. Describe the different levels of health planning in India (national, state, district, peripheral).
  9. What is Programme Evaluation? Describe the methods and importance of programme evaluation.
  10. What is supervision in health management? Describe the principles and methods of supervision.
  11. Describe the Training of health workers - types, principles, and importance.
  12. What is the National Health Mission (NHM)? Describe its organizational structure.
  13. Write about community participation in health planning and management.
  14. What is decentralization in health services? Describe the role of Panchayati Raj in health.
  15. Describe the Bhore Committee, Mudaliar Committee, and Shrivastav Committee reports and their contributions to health planning in India.

Exam Tips for SCB / MKCG Pattern

  • High-frequency topics (asked almost every year): TB/RNTCP, Malaria/NVBDCP, UIP/Immunization schedule, PHC, ASHA, Alma Ata, Demographic transition, Family planning methods, PEM/Kwashiorkor/Marasmus, Epidemiological study designs, Sensitivity/Specificity, Levels of prevention, NHM/NRHM
  • Each LAQ = 10 marks - Write definition + classification + details + diagram/table where applicable
  • Use Park's PSM as the primary reference for all answers
  • Always include recent program updates (NTEP, PMJAY, POSHAN Abhiyan, NHP 2017)
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Questions come like this help me in community medicine generate every possible probable laq from 12 chapters

I can see the actual SCB/MKCG question paper format clearly now. The pattern is:
  • 2 LAQs of 10 marks each (Section A & B) - multi-part questions like [2+3+5], [3+7], [4+6], [2+4+4] etc.
  • Short notes 5×5=25
  • One-liners 1×5=5
Now I can generate all probable LAQs in the exact SCB/MKCG style for all 12 Community Medicine chapters. Let me compile this comprehensively.

ALL PROBABLE LAQs - COMMUNITY MEDICINE

SCB Medical College & MKCG Medical College | 3rd Prof Part-I MBBS (Annual)

Pattern: 10 marks each | Multi-part format | Based on previous years 2020–2025

📌 EXAM PATTERN (from your question papers)

  • Section A - 50 marks: Q1 (10), Q2 (10), Q3 Short notes 5×5=25, Q4 One-liners 1×5=5
  • Section B - 50 marks: Q5 (10), Q6 (10), Q7 Short notes 5×5=25, Q8 One-liners 1×5=5
  • LAQs are always multi-part: e.g. [3+7], [2+3+5], [2+2+6], [4+6], [5+5], [2+4+4]

CHAPTER 1 - CONCEPT OF HEALTH & DISEASE

LAQ 1. Define Health. Describe the various dimensions of health. Explain the determinants of health with suitable examples. [2+3+5=10]
LAQ 2. What is disease? Describe the natural history of disease with a suitable diagram. Explain the levels of prevention at each stage with examples. [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 3. Define and explain the iceberg phenomenon of disease. What is the concept of "spectrum of disease"? Describe the web of causation model with an example. [3+3+4=10]
LAQ 4. What are health indicators? Describe the characteristics of a good health indicator. Explain PQLI (Physical Quality of Life Index) and HDI in detail. [2+3+5=10]
LAQ 5. Define primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Give two examples of each. Describe the role of health promotion in disease prevention. [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 6. What are the different concepts of health (biomedical, ecological, psychosocial, holistic)? Describe the WHO definition of health and its implications. What is Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3? [4+4+2=10]
LAQ 7. Define DALY (Disability Adjusted Life Year). Describe how it is calculated and its uses in measuring disease burden in India. [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 8. What are the different models of causation of disease? Describe the epidemiological triad in detail. Explain the concept of risk factors. [2+5+3=10]

CHAPTER 2 - ENVIRONMENT

LAQ 1. What are the different sources of air pollution? How is air pollution monitored? Write the health effects of air pollution on human beings. [2+3+5=10] (Asked 2025)
LAQ 2. Describe the methods of purification of water on a large scale. What are the standards for drinking water as per WHO/BIS? How is chlorination of water done? [4+3+3=10]
LAQ 3. What is sewage? Describe the methods of sewage disposal. Add a note on health hazards of improper sewage disposal. [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 4. Define noise pollution. Describe its sources, health effects, and preventive measures. What are the indices of thermal comfort? [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 5. Describe the health hazards of solid waste / refuse. Describe the biomedical waste management as per BMW rules with colour-coded segregation. [3+7=10] (Colour coded segregation - Short note asked 2025)
LAQ 6. What are halogens used in water treatment? Describe in detail the process of chlorination of water supply. How is residual chlorine tested? [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 7. Describe the health effects of poor housing. What are the criteria for a healthy home? Describe Comfort Zone and ventilation standards. [4+3+3=10]
LAQ 8. What is indoor air pollution? Describe its sources and health effects. Explain the role of radiation (ionizing and non-ionizing) as an environmental hazard. [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 9. What are the components of communication process? Describe the group methods of health education / communication. [4+6=10] (Asked 2025)
LAQ 10. Describe occupational diseases due to dust (Pneumoconiosis). Enumerate them with etiological agents. Describe the preventive measures for occupational diseases. [2+2+6=10] (Asked 2025)

CHAPTER 3 - NUTRITION

LAQ 1. Define Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM). Describe the clinical features, diagnosis, complications, and management of Kwashiorkor. [2+3+3+2=10]
LAQ 2. Describe the etiology, clinical features, and management of Marasmus. How will you differentiate Marasmus from Kwashiorkor? [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 3. What are the early warning signs of Vitamin A deficiency? Describe the clinical features and the Vitamin A prophylaxis programme in India. [3+3+4=10]
LAQ 4. Describe Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) - causes, clinical manifestations (Goitre, Cretinism, etc.), and the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme (NIDDCP). [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 5. Define Iron Deficiency Anaemia. Describe its epidemiology, clinical features, and the National Anaemia Control Programme in India. [2+3+5=10]
LAQ 6. Describe the methods of nutritional assessment used in a community survey. What are the uses of ICDS in combating malnutrition? [5+5=10]
LAQ 7. What is "My Food Plate"? Explain its components and describe its importance in balanced diet. Add a note on Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). [3+4+3=10] (My Food Plate asked 2025)
LAQ 8. Describe the role of the Mid-Day Meal Program and ICDS in combating malnutrition in India. What is the National Nutrition Mission (POSHAN Abhiyan)? [4+3+3=10]
LAQ 9. What is food adulteration? Describe the common adulterants and their health effects. What are the provisions under the Food Safety and Standards Act (FSSAI)? [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 10. Describe the dietary requirements during pregnancy and lactation. What is food fortification and give examples of fortified foods used in India? [5+5=10] (Food fortification - Short note seen in notes)
LAQ 11. Describe the GOBI-FFF campaign. What is its significance in reducing child mortality and malnutrition in developing countries? [4+6=10] (GOBI-FFF asked 2025)

CHAPTER 4 - EPIDEMIOLOGY

LAQ 1. Define Epidemiology. Describe the various types of epidemiological studies. Compare cohort study and case-control study. [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 2. What is a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)? Describe its steps. Justify "Randomization is the heart of a clinical trial." [2+5+3=10] (Randomization - Short note asked 2025)
LAQ 3. Describe the measures of mortality used in community health (CDR, IMR, MMR, NMR, etc.). What are the characteristics of a good indicator? What are the key components of a death certificate? [5+2+3=10] (Asked 2025)
LAQ 4. Define sensitivity and specificity of a screening test. Explain predictive values. How does disease prevalence affect the positive predictive value? [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 5. What is surveillance in epidemiology? Describe its components and types. Explain Sentinel Surveillance in detail. [2+5+3=10] (Sentinel Surveillance asked 2025)
LAQ 6. Define epidemic. Describe the steps in investigation of an epidemic/outbreak in a community. [2+8=10]
LAQ 7. What is attributable risk? How is it calculated? Describe the concept of odds ratio and relative risk with examples. [3+4+3=10] (Attributable Risk asked 2025)
LAQ 8. Describe the Bradford Hill criteria of causation. How do you establish a causal association in epidemiology? [5+5=10]
LAQ 9. Define bias. Describe the various types of bias in epidemiological studies and methods to control them. [2+8=10]
LAQ 10. What is herd immunity? Describe its importance in eradication of communicable diseases. How is the Ro (Basic Reproduction Number) related to herd immunity? [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 11. What are the components of the communication process? Describe the group methods of health communication/education. [4+6=10] (Asked 2025)
LAQ 12. Define vital statistics. What are vital events? Describe the sources of health data and their importance. What is the Vital Events Registration System in India? [2+3+5=10] (Vital Events asked as Short note 2025)

CHAPTER 5 - SCREENING

LAQ 1. Define screening. Describe the Wilson and Jungner criteria for a good screening test and for a disease suitable for screening. [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 2. What are the early warning signs of cancer (CAUTION)? Discuss the role of screening and vaccination in the prevention of cervical cancer. [3+7=10] (Asked verbatim 2025)
LAQ 3. Define sensitivity and specificity. Explain with a 2×2 table. Describe the effect of cutting the cut-off point on sensitivity and specificity. [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 4. What is multiphasic screening? Describe its components, advantages, and limitations. Give examples of diseases suitable for mass screening. [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 5. What are the different types of screening? Describe screening for breast cancer - methods and national programs in India. [3+7=10]
LAQ 6. Define Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV). Explain how disease prevalence in the community affects PPV with examples. [4+6=10]

CHAPTER 6 - COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

LAQ 1. Describe the epidemiology, clinical features, and control of Tuberculosis in India. Describe the RNTCP/NTEP - treatment regimens and DOTS strategy. [3+3+4=10] (RNTCP/MDR-TB Short note asked 2025)
LAQ 2. Describe the epidemiology, prevention, and control of Malaria in India. What is the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)? [4+3+3=10]
LAQ 3. Describe the epidemiology, clinical features, postmortem findings, and control of Cholera. How is an outbreak of cholera investigated? [3+3+2+2=10]
LAQ 4. What is HIV/AIDS? Describe its epidemiology in India, modes of transmission, and the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) Phase V goals and targets. [2+4+4=10] (NACP Phase V Goals asked 2025)
LAQ 5. Describe the epidemiology of Poliomyelitis and the Pulse Polio Programme in India. What is the current status of Polio eradication? [4+4+2=10]
LAQ 6. Describe the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) of India - vaccines included, immunization schedule, cold chain maintenance. [3+4+3=10] (Cold Chain asked 2025)
LAQ 7. Describe the epidemiology and control of Dengue fever in India. What is the role of vector control in its prevention? [5+5=10]
LAQ 8. Describe the epidemiology, clinical features, and control of Leprosy in India. What is the National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP)? [3+3+4=10]
LAQ 9. Describe the epidemiology and control of Hepatitis B in India. What is the role of vaccination? [5+5=10]
LAQ 10. What is a zoonosis? Enumerate important zoonoses in India. Describe the epidemiology and control of Rabies. [2+2+6=10]
LAQ 11. Describe the epidemiology and control of Filariasis/Lymphatic filariasis in India. What is the National Programme for Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis? [5+5=10]
LAQ 12. What is the chain of infection? Describe the measures to break the chain at each link with examples. [3+7=10]

CHAPTER 7 - NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

LAQ 1. Define NCD. Describe the epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) in India. Write about NPCDCS. [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 2. What are the early warning signs of cancer (CAUTION)? Discuss the role of screening and vaccination in the prevention of cervical cancer. [3+7=10] (Asked 2025 - Community Medicine II)
LAQ 3. Describe the epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus in India. Describe the risk factors, diagnosis criteria, and prevention strategies. [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 4. Define hypertension. Describe its epidemiology, risk factors, classification (JNC criteria), and prevention in India. [2+3+5=10]
LAQ 5. What is the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD, and Stroke (NPCDCS)? Describe its objectives, strategies, and components. [3+7=10]
LAQ 6. Describe the epidemiology and prevention of mental health disorders in India. What is the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP)? Write about the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017. [3+4+3=10] (Mental Healthcare Act 2017 asked 2025)
LAQ 7. What is blindness? Describe the causes of blindness in India and the National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB). What is Vitamin A deficiency blindness? [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 8. What is obesity? Describe BMI, waist circumference criteria. Discuss the epidemiology and prevention of obesity-related diseases. [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 9. Describe road traffic accidents (RTAs) as a public health problem in India. Enumerate the risk factors and preventive measures. [3+3+4=10]
LAQ 10. Write about tobacco use as a risk factor for NCDs in India. Describe the National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP) and COTPA Act. [3+3+4=10]

CHAPTER 8 - HEALTH CARE OF COMMUNITY

LAQ 1. What is Primary Health Care? Describe the Declaration of Alma Ata 1978 - its principles and significance. Name one principle of PHC. [2+5+3=10] (One principle of PHC - One-liner asked 2025)
LAQ 2. Describe the functions, infrastructure, and staffing of a Primary Health Centre (PHC). What is the role of the Medical Officer at PHC? [4+4+2=10]
LAQ 3. What is a Sub-Centre? Describe its catchment area, infrastructure, and the role of ANM/MPHW (Female) at the Sub-Centre. [2+4+4=10] (Responsibilities of MPHW Female asked 2025)
LAQ 4. Describe the Community Health Centre (CHC) / First Referral Unit (FRU) - infrastructure, staffing, and services (SNCU, OT, Blood bank). What is the IPHS norm for a CHC? [3+4+3=10] (First Referral Unit asked 2025)
LAQ 5. What is ASHA? Describe her selection criteria, training, role/functions, and incentive structure under NHM. [2+2+6=10]
LAQ 6. Define neonatal mortality rate. Describe the different newborn care facilities at different levels of health facility (NBCC, NBSU, SNCU, NRC) recommended by the Government of India for reduction of neonatal mortality. Write about responsibilities of ASHA for home-based newborn care. [2+4+4=10] (Asked verbatim 2025)
LAQ 7. Describe the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) / National Health Mission (NHM) - objectives, components (ASHA, Village Health & Nutrition Days, Rogi Kalyan Samiti), and achievements. [3+5+2=10]
LAQ 8. Describe the Ayushman Bharat Scheme - two components (Health and Wellness Centres and PM-JAY). What are the benefits and eligibility criteria? [4+4+2=10]
LAQ 9. What is the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)? Describe its objectives, beneficiaries, and incentive structure. Add a note on JSSK. [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 10. Describe the organizational structure of the health delivery system in India from village level to national level. [10]

CHAPTER 9 - DISASTER MANAGEMENT

LAQ 1. What do you mean by "Disaster"? What are the common causes of disaster? As a PHC Medical Officer of a cyclone-prone area, how will you proceed for preparedness to tackle the impending disaster? [2+3+5=10] (Asked verbatim 2025)
LAQ 2. Define disaster. Classify disasters. Describe the phases of disaster management (mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery) with examples. [2+3+5=10]
LAQ 3. What is a Mass Casualty Incident (MCI)? Describe the START triage system. What are the colour codes in triage? [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 4. Describe the role of the medical team / first responder in disaster response. What is the Incident Command System (ICS)? [5+5=10]
LAQ 5. Describe the health consequences of natural disasters (floods, earthquakes, cyclones). How does the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) function? [5+5=10]
LAQ 6. What is the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030? Describe its four priorities. What is the role of community in disaster preparedness? [4+4+2=10]
LAQ 7. Describe the biomedical waste management rules. What is colour-coded segregation of biomedical waste? Name the method of disposal of biomedical waste by burning. [4+4+2=10] (Colour coded segregation asked 2025; Incineration = one-liner)

CHAPTER 10 - DEMOGRAPHY & FAMILY PLANNING

LAQ 1. A 25-year-old mother with a single child aged 2 years has come to the OPD for family planning advice. Discuss different methods of contraception that can be offered to her with merits and demerits. [5+5=10] (Asked verbatim 2025)
LAQ 2. Describe the demographic transition (demographic cycle) with its stages. What is the current demographic status of India? [5+5=10]
LAQ 3. Define and differentiate crude birth rate, crude death rate, total fertility rate, and natural growth rate. Describe the population problem of India. [4+6=10]
LAQ 4. Describe the IUCD (Copper-T/Multiload) - types, mechanism of action, insertion procedure, advantages, disadvantages, and contraindications. [2+2+2+2+2=10]
LAQ 5. What are oral contraceptive pills? Describe their types, mechanism of action, advantages, and contraindications. Describe the Emergency Contraceptive Pill. [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 6. Describe male (vasectomy) and female (tubectomy/laparoscopic sterilization) sterilization procedures. What are the legal provisions and complications? [4+4+2=10]
LAQ 7. Define Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). Describe the determinants of IMR and the national programs to reduce it. What is the current IMR of India? [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 8. Define Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR). Describe the causes of maternal mortality and the national programs to reduce maternal deaths in India (JSY, PMSMA, LaQshya). [2+3+5=10]
LAQ 9. Describe the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Programme - components, objectives, and impact. What is the PCPNDT Act and its significance? [5+5=10] (PCPNDT - Foetal death - noted in short notes)
LAQ 10. What is a population pyramid? Describe the types and interpretation. Explain the sex ratio and its significance. What was the sex ratio in Census 2011? [3+4+3=10] (Sex ratio - one-liner asked 2025)

CHAPTER 11 - NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS

LAQ 1. Describe the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) / National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) - DOTS strategy, treatment regimen, and NSP targets. [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 2. What is the NACP Phase V? Describe its goals, strategies, and target population. Write about prevention of Parent-to-Child Transmission (PPTCT). [3+4+3=10] (NACP Phase V Goals asked 2025)
LAQ 3. Describe the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) - vaccines, schedule, cold chain, and the role of ASHA/ANM. [3+3+4=10]
LAQ 4. Describe the ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services) - objectives, beneficiaries, services (6 services), role of Anganwadi Worker. [2+3+5=10] (ICDS asked as Short note 2025)
LAQ 5. Describe the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) and Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA). What are their objectives and cash incentives? [5+5=10]
LAQ 6. What is Nikshay Poshan Yojana? Describe its objectives, beneficiaries, and cash benefits for TB patients. Add a note on Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyan. [3+4+3=10] (Nikshay Poshan Yojana asked 2025)
LAQ 7. Describe the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) - objectives, the 4 Ds, target population, and mobile health teams. [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 8. What is the National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB)? Describe its objectives, strategies, and achievements. What is VISION 2020? [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 9. Describe the Swachh Bharat Mission - components (rural and urban), objectives, and its health significance. What is ODF (Open Defecation Free)? [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 10. Describe the Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) / National Health Protection Scheme - eligibility, benefits, and implementation. [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 11. Describe the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) - diseases covered, strategies for Malaria, Dengue, Filariasis, Kala-azar. [2+8=10]
LAQ 12. What is the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP)? Describe its components and the Mental Healthcare Act 2017. [5+5=10] (Mental Healthcare Act 2017 asked 2025)

CHAPTER 12 - HEALTH PLANNING & MANAGEMENT

LAQ 1. Define health planning. Describe the steps in health planning / the planning cycle. What are the levels of health planning in India? [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 2. What is the National Health Policy 2017? Describe its vision, goals, targets, and guiding principles. How does it differ from NHP 2002? [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 3. Describe the Bhore Committee (1946), Mudaliar Committee (1962), and Shrivastav Committee (1975) - their major recommendations and contribution to health planning. [3+3+4=10]
LAQ 4. What is management? Describe the functions of management (POSDCORB / POMC). Describe the "FIFO" principle of inventory management. [2+5+3=10] (FIFO principle of inventory management asked 2025)
LAQ 5. What is Health Management Information System (HMIS)? Describe its components and uses. What is the difference between data and information? [2+5+3=10] (What is data - one-liner asked 2025)
LAQ 6. Describe the district level health management - key officials, District Health Society, and the role of CMHO/CDMO. [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 7. What is community participation? Describe the role of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in decentralized health planning and management. What is a Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committee (VHSNC)? [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 8. Describe Programme Evaluation - types (formative, summative), methods, and importance in national health programmes. What are the tools used? [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 9. What are the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? How many SDGs are there? Which SDG is related to health? Describe SDG 3 targets relevant to India. [2+2+6=10] (SDGs - one-liner asked 2025)
LAQ 10. What is the Health and Wellness Centre (HWC) under Ayushman Bharat? Describe its services, human resource, and significance in achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC). [2+4+4=10]

⭐ TOP 20 HIGHEST PROBABILITY LAQs (Most Likely to Come)

Based on the 2025 paper and recurring patterns at SCB/MKCG:
PriorityChapterTopic
★★★Ch 6TB/RNTCP-NTEP + DOTS
★★★Ch 10Family planning methods (contraception)
★★★Ch 8ASHA / ANM / Neonatal mortality
★★★Ch 5/7Cancer screening / Cervical cancer
★★★Ch 4Cohort vs Case-control / RCT
★★★Ch 9Disaster management + PHC MO role
★★★Ch 11NACP Phase V / UIP cold chain
★★★Ch 2Air pollution sources, effects, control
★★★Ch 3PEM - Kwashiorkor / My Food Plate
★★★Ch 12Health planning + NHP 2017
★★Ch 1Natural history of disease + Levels of prevention
★★Ch 4Sensitivity / Specificity / Predictive value
★★Ch 8PHC / Alma Ata declaration
★★Ch 10Demographic transition / IMR / MMR
★★Ch 7NPCDCS / CVD epidemiology
★★Ch 6HIV/AIDS + NACP
★★Ch 2Occupational diseases / Pneumoconiosis
★★Ch 3Vitamin A deficiency / IDD
★★Ch 11Nikshay Poshan / RBSK
★★Ch 12FIFO / HMIS / Management functions

📝 HOW TO WRITE A 10-MARK LAQ (SCB/MKCG Style)

  1. Definition - 1-2 lines (gets 2 marks)
  2. Classification/Types - table or list (2 marks)
  3. Main content - describe in detail with headings (4-5 marks)
  4. Diagram/Table/Flow chart where applicable (1 mark)
  5. Conclusion / India-specific data - current statistics (1 mark)
Always use Park's Textbook of Preventive & Social Medicine as your primary reference. Keep answers structured with clear sub-headings. Include relevant national programme data and recent statistics.

More questions

Here is a fresh, extended set of probable LAQs for all 12 chapters - topics NOT covered in the previous list, plus deeper sub-topic variations matching the SCB/MKCG multi-part style.

MORE PROBABLE LAQs - COMMUNITY MEDICINE

SCB / MKCG Pattern | 3rd Prof Part-I MBBS | 10 Marks Each

CHAPTER 1 - CONCEPT OF HEALTH & DISEASE (Additional)

LAQ 9. Define social medicine. What are the social determinants of health as described by WHO Commission? Describe the concept of "Health for All" and its relevance in India. [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 10. What is the difference between incidence and prevalence? Describe the relationship between incidence, prevalence, and duration of disease with a formula and examples. [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 11. Define host, agent, and environment in the context of disease causation. Describe the role of each factor with examples. What is a "pathological process" in the natural history of disease? [2+6+2=10]
LAQ 12. What is health promotion? Describe the Ottawa Charter 1986 and its five action areas. Give examples of health promotion interventions in India. [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 13. Describe the various measures of morbidity - incidence rate, prevalence rate, attack rate, secondary attack rate. How are they calculated and used in public health? [2+6+2=10]
LAQ 14. What is the concept of "risk" in community medicine? Define high-risk approach and population approach. Describe the concept of population attributable risk. [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 15. Describe the different types of prevention - primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary. Give two examples of each in the context of cardiovascular disease. [4+6=10]

CHAPTER 2 - ENVIRONMENT (Additional)

LAQ 11. What are the different methods of excreta disposal? Describe the sanitary latrine and its types. What are the criteria for a satisfactory method of excreta disposal? [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 12. Describe the ecological cycle of water. What are the water-borne diseases? Describe the epidemiology and prevention of Typhoid as a waterborne disease. [3+2+5=10]
LAQ 13. What is the importance of safe water supply? Describe the standard water quality tests - bacteriological (MPN test, membrane filter test) and chemical tests. [3+7=10]
LAQ 14. Describe the types of wastes generated in a hospital. What is colour-coded segregation of biomedical waste? Describe the disposal methods (autoclaving, incineration, deep burial). [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 15. What are vector-borne diseases? Describe the different types of vectors and the diseases they transmit. Describe the integrated vector management approach. [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 16. Describe the health effects of climate change as a global environmental issue. What is the greenhouse effect and global warming? How do they affect human health? [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 17. What are the different occupational hazards? Classify them. Describe the diseases caused by chemical hazards in the workplace and their prevention. [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 18. Describe the different methods of solid waste / municipal refuse disposal (sanitary landfill, composting, incineration, recycling). What are the health hazards of improper solid waste disposal? [6+4=10]

CHAPTER 3 - NUTRITION (Additional)

LAQ 12. Describe the functions, sources, and deficiency manifestations of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). Give examples of prevention programs in India. [4+4+2=10]
LAQ 13. Describe the functions, sources, and deficiency of water-soluble vitamins - Vitamin C (Scurvy), Vitamin B1 (Beri-beri), Vitamin B3 (Pellagra), Vitamin B12 (Megaloblastic anaemia). [2+8=10]
LAQ 14. What is Vitamin D deficiency (Rickets)? Describe the etiology, clinical features, radiological findings, biochemical changes, and prevention of nutritional rickets. [2+3+2+1+2=10]
LAQ 15. Define Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Describe the nutritional requirements of a reference man and reference woman as per ICMR 2020. What factors determine RDA? [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 16. What is the POSHAN Abhiyan / National Nutrition Mission? Describe its objectives, targets, key interventions, and beneficiaries. What is the role of ICDS within POSHAN Abhiyan? [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 17. Describe the concept of food security. What are the determinants of food security? Describe the Public Distribution System (PDS) and its role in food security in India. [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 18. What is anthropometric assessment of nutritional status? Describe the different anthropometric indices used in children (weight-for-age, height-for-age, weight-for-height). What is the Gomez classification? [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 19. Define dietary fiber and its role in health. Describe the macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) - their functions, sources, and caloric values (energy density). [3+7=10]
LAQ 20. What is pre-milling treatment of rice? Why is polished rice nutritionally deficient? Describe parboiling and its advantages in preserving nutritive value. [3+3+4=10] (Parboiling - one-liner asked 2025)

CHAPTER 4 - EPIDEMIOLOGY (Additional)

LAQ 13. Define screening. Compare the case-control study and cross-sectional study. What is the appropriate study design for measuring disease prevalence? [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 14. Describe the cross-sectional (prevalence) study - design, uses, advantages, and limitations. What is acculturation and its role in disease distribution? [5+5=10] (Acculturation asked as Short note 2025)
LAQ 15. What are the different types of rates used in vital statistics? Describe crude death rate, standardized mortality ratio, and proportional mortality rate. How is indirect standardization done? [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 16. Define incubation period, latent period, and infectious period. What is the importance of incubation period in investigating an epidemic? Give examples of diseases with short and long incubation periods. [3+4+3=10] (Incubation period - one-liner asked 2025)
LAQ 17. What is a reservoir of infection? Describe the different types of reservoirs with examples. What is the difference between source and reservoir of infection? [2+5+3=10] (Reservoir - one-liner asked 2025)
LAQ 18. Describe the modes of transmission of communicable diseases - direct and indirect transmission. What is droplet transmission vs droplet nucleus transmission? Give examples. [3+5+2=10]
LAQ 19. What is confounding in epidemiology? Describe the methods to control confounding - restriction, matching, stratification, multivariate analysis. Give an example. [2+6+2=10]
LAQ 20. Define p-value, confidence interval, and statistical significance. Describe the concept of Type I and Type II errors in research. What is statistical power? [3+5+2=10]
LAQ 21. What is meta-analysis? Describe its steps and the concept of a systematic review. How does it differ from a narrative review? What is a forest plot? [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 22. Describe the different sampling methods used in community health surveys (simple random, stratified, cluster, systematic). What is the purpose of sampling? [2+6+2=10]

CHAPTER 5 - SCREENING (Additional)

LAQ 7. What is neonatal screening? Describe the diseases screened for in neonates under the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK). What is Guthrie test? [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 8. Describe the concept of lead time bias and length bias in screening programs. How do they affect the apparent survival of screened patients? [4+6=10]
LAQ 9. What is the Pap smear test? Describe its technique, interpretation (Bethesda system), and its role as a screening tool for cervical cancer. What is VIA/VILI? [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 10. What is the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve? How is it used to determine the optimal cut-off point in a screening test? Relate it to sensitivity and specificity. [3+4+3=10]

CHAPTER 6 - COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (Additional)

LAQ 13. Describe the epidemiology, clinical features, complications, and prevention of measles. Describe the role of MR/MMR vaccine in elimination of measles. [2+3+2+3=10]
LAQ 14. What is diarrheal disease? Describe the ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution) - composition, preparation, and use. Describe the management of acute diarrhoea in children. [2+3+5=10] (ORS - first line treatment one-liner asked 2025)
LAQ 15. Describe the epidemiology and control of Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) in India. What is the Kala-azar Elimination Programme? What is PKDL? [4+4+2=10]
LAQ 16. What is Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI)? Describe the epidemiology, case management, and national control program for ARI/Pneumonia in children. [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 17. Describe the epidemiology and control of Chickenpox (Varicella) and Herpes Zoster. What is the role of vaccination? How do you investigate a chickenpox outbreak in a school? [4+3+3=10]
LAQ 18. What is typhoid? Describe the epidemiology, Widal test interpretation, treatment, and prevention of typhoid fever. What is TAB vaccine? [2+3+3+2=10]
LAQ 19. Describe the epidemiology and control of Japanese Encephalitis in India. What is the role of vaccination? Name the vectors involved. [5+3+2=10]
LAQ 20. What is the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI)? Describe the cold chain in EPI - components, cold chain equipment, and vaccine storage requirements (Vaccine Vial Monitor). [2+5+3=10] (Cold Chain asked 2025)
LAQ 21. Describe the epidemiology and control of Hepatitis A and E in India. How do they differ from Hepatitis B and C in mode of transmission? [4+4+2=10]
LAQ 22. What is quarantine? Define isolation. Describe the public health measures for prevention and control of a communicable disease outbreak in a community. [2+2+6=10] (Quarantine - one-liner asked 2025)

CHAPTER 7 - NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (Additional)

LAQ 11. What is the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test)? Describe alcohol use as a public health problem in India. Write about de-addiction strategies and NMHP interventions. [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 12. Describe the epidemiology and prevention of stroke in India. What are the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors? How does the NPCDCS address stroke prevention? [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 13. What is COPD? Describe its epidemiology, risk factors (smoking, biomass fuel), spirometry criteria (GOLD staging), and prevention. [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 14. Describe the epidemiology of occupational cancers. What are the known occupational carcinogens? Describe the cancer registry system in India (NCRP). [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 15. What is the metabolic syndrome? Describe its diagnostic criteria (IDF / ATP III). How does metabolic syndrome predispose to CVD and Diabetes? [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 16. What is geriatric health? Describe the health problems of the elderly in India. What is the National Programme for the Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE)? [2+4+4=10] (Full form NPHCE = National Programme for Health Care of Elderly - one-liner 2025)

CHAPTER 8 - HEALTH CARE OF COMMUNITY (Additional)

LAQ 11. What is the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) II Programme? Describe the continuum of care from pregnancy to newborn. What is Facility Based Newborn Care (FBNC)? [3+4+3=10] (Facility Based Newborn Care noted in short notes)
LAQ 12. Describe the roles and responsibilities of the District Health Officer (DHO/CDMO) in health administration. What are the different committees under District Health Mission? [5+5=10]
LAQ 13. What is the Rogi Kalyan Samiti (RKS)? Describe its composition, functions, and role in improving hospital services. What is the Untied Fund? [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 14. Describe the Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committee (VHSNC) - composition, functions, and fund utilization. What is the Village Health and Nutrition Day (VHND)? [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 15. What is telemedicine? Describe its types and role in improving health care delivery in rural India. Write about the Telemedicine Practice Guidelines 2020. [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 16. Describe the staffing pattern, functions, and training of the Multi-Purpose Health Worker (Male) / Health Worker Male at the Sub-Centre. [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 17. What is a referral system in health care? Describe the two-way referral system. What are the barriers to effective referral in rural India? [2+5+3=10]

CHAPTER 9 - DISASTER MANAGEMENT (Additional)

LAQ 8. Describe the Incident Command System (ICS). How is it activated during a Mass Casualty Incident? What are the key roles in ICS? [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 9. What are the health effects of a flood disaster? Describe the post-flood public health measures to prevent water-borne disease outbreaks. [4+6=10]
LAQ 10. Define mitigation. Describe the role of mitigation in disaster risk reduction. What is the difference between mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery? [2+5+3=10] (Mitigation - one-liner asked 2025)
LAQ 11. What is a biological disaster / epidemic preparedness? Describe the role of the public health system in managing a biological emergency (e.g., COVID-19 pandemic response). [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 12. Describe hospital disaster preparedness. What is the Hospital Disaster Management Plan (HDMP)? What is the role of the PHC/CHC in disaster response? [3+4+3=10]

CHAPTER 10 - DEMOGRAPHY & FAMILY PLANNING (Additional)

LAQ 11. Define fertility. Describe the various measures of fertility - CBR, GFR, ASFR, TFR, NRR. How is NRR used to determine population replacement level? [2+6+2=10]
LAQ 12. What is the unmet need for family planning? Describe the causes and consequences of unmet need. How does the National Family Planning Programme address unmet need? [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 13. Describe the barrier methods of contraception (male and female condom, diaphragm, cervical cap) - mechanism, advantages, and role in STI prevention. [3+5+2=10]
LAQ 14. What is the PCPNDT Act 1994 (amended 2003)? Describe its objectives, provisions, and implementation challenges. What is foetal sex determination? [2+5+3=10] (Foetal death - noted in short notes)
LAQ 15. Describe the Safe Motherhood Initiative in India. What is the Antenatal Care (ANC) package - components, schedule, and PMSMA? [4+6=10]
LAQ 16. What is the concept of adolescent health? Describe the Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK) - objectives and services for adolescents. [3+7=10]
LAQ 17. Describe the three methods of population projection. What are the implications of population growth on health services planning in India? [4+6=10]
LAQ 18. What is the dependency ratio? How is it calculated? Describe the demographic dividend and its implications for India's development. [3+4+3=10]

CHAPTER 11 - NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS (Additional)

LAQ 13. Describe the National Iron Plus Initiative (NIPI) - target groups, iron-folic acid supplementation schedule, and dosage at different life stages. [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 14. What is the Mission Indradhanush? Describe its phases, objectives, target population, and impact on full immunization coverage in India. [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 15. Describe the Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) - objectives, eligibility, benefits, and its role in improving maternal nutrition. [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 16. What is the SNCU (Special Newborn Care Unit)? Describe the levels of neonatal care (NBCC, NBSU, SNCU, NRC) and criteria for admission. [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 17. Describe the National Deworming Programme (NDP) / Albendazole programme - rationale, target age group, drug, schedule, and impact. [2+3+5=10]
LAQ 18. What is the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Fluorosis (NPPCF)? Describe the health effects of fluoride excess and deficiency. [3+7=10]
LAQ 19. Describe the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) - objectives, target group, services offered, and the role of specialists. [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 20. What is the LaQshya Programme? Describe its objectives and quality improvement interventions in Labour Rooms and Maternity Operation Theatres. [3+7=10]
LAQ 21. What are the components of community nutrition programs in India? Describe the Therapeutic Feeding Centre (TFC) and Nutrition Rehabilitation Centre (NRC) for severely malnourished children. [3+4+3=10]

CHAPTER 12 - HEALTH PLANNING & MANAGEMENT (Additional)

LAQ 11. What is decentralized planning? Describe the role of the Panchayati Raj Institution (PRI) in health planning at village and block level. What is the 73rd Constitutional Amendment? [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 12. Describe the concept of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). What are its three dimensions? How does India's Ayushman Bharat contribute to UHC? [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 13. What is supervision in health management? Describe the principles and methods of supervision of health workers. What is supportive supervision? [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 14. Describe the training needs assessment of health workers. What are the different methods of training? What is in-service training vs pre-service training? [3+5+2=10]
LAQ 15. What is logistics management in health? Describe the supply chain management of drugs and vaccines. What is the FIFO/FEFO principle? [2+5+3=10] (FIFO asked 2025)
LAQ 16. Describe the Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) for a PHC. What are the minimum service guarantees? How is quality of care assessed at PHC level? [3+4+3=10]
LAQ 17. What is the National Health Account (NHA)? Describe out-of-pocket expenditure on health in India. What is catastrophic health expenditure? [2+4+4=10]
LAQ 18. Describe the concept of health systems strengthening. What are the six building blocks of a health system as described by WHO? [3+7=10]
LAQ 19. What is community diagnosis? Describe its steps and tools (KAP survey, rapid appraisal). How does it differ from clinical diagnosis? [2+5+3=10]
LAQ 20. Describe the Mukhyamantri Hamar Swasthya Yojana (Odisha) / Biju Swasthya Kalyan Yojana (BSKY). What are its components and health significance for Odisha? [3+4+3=10] (State-specific - very relevant for SCB/MKCG)

🔴 ULTRA-HIGH PROBABILITY FRESH QUESTIONS (Not Asked Yet - Due Soon)

These topics have NOT appeared recently in your papers and are statistically overdue:
#ChapterTopicMarks Pattern
1Ch 4Steps in epidemic investigation[2+8=10]
2Ch 3Nutritional assessment methods (ABCDE)[2+8=10]
3Ch 6Immunization schedule UIP 2023 + cold chain[4+6=10]
4Ch 10Demographic transition in India[4+6=10]
5Ch 8Alma Ata + PHC functions[3+7=10]
6Ch 7NPCDCS in detail[3+7=10]
7Ch 2Sanitary latrine / excreta disposal[3+7=10]
8Ch 11Mission Indradhanush + UIP[4+6=10]
9Ch 12Bhore Committee recommendations[3+7=10]
10Ch 1Ottawa Charter + health promotion[3+7=10]

📌 REPEATED TOPIC COMBINATIONS SEEN AT SCB/MKCG

These multi-part combinations come up in different years:
  • Cancer screening + vaccination (cervical cancer) → 2025 Paper II
  • Disaster + PHC MO preparedness → 2025 Paper II
  • Neonatal mortality + ASHA role → 2025 Paper I
  • Contraception methods + merits/demerits → 2025 Paper II
  • Mortality indicators + death certificate → 2025 Paper I
  • Air pollution sources + effects + monitoring → 2025 Paper I
  • Pneumoconiosis + occupational prevention → 2025 Paper I
  • Communication process + group methods → 2025 Paper I
These are likely to rotate to different chapters next year but follow the same format: 2-3 part questions combining definition + describe + explain/apply.
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