Amine derived autocoids , peptide and lipids derived??
| Receptor | Location | Signal | Key Effects |
|---|---|---|---|
| H1 | Endothelium, smooth muscle, nerve endings | Gq → IP3/Ca²⁺ | Vasodilation (via NO), bronchoconstriction, itch/pain, increased vascular permeability |
| H2 | Gastric mucosa, cardiac muscle, immune cells | Gs → ↑cAMP | Gastric acid secretion, positive inotropy, vasodilation at higher doses |
| H3 | Presynaptic in CNS (and peripheral nerves) | Gq → ↓cAMP, ↓Ca²⁺ influx | Autoreceptor - inhibits release of histamine and other neurotransmitters (ACh, amines, peptides) |
| H4 | Leukocytes in bone marrow and blood | - | Chemotaxis of eosinophils and mast cells; modulates cytokine production; role in allergy and inflammation |
| Receptor | Location | Key Effects |
|---|---|---|
| 5-HT1A | CNS raphe nuclei (autoreceptor) | Inhibition of serotonin release; anxiolytic (buspirone target) |
| 5-HT2A | Blood vessels, platelets, CNS | Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, CNS effects |
| 5-HT3 | Gut, area postrema (only ligand-gated ion channel in the family) | Emesis, gut motility |
| 5-HT4 | GI tract | ↑gut motility (used in gastroparesis) |
Prekallikrein (activated by Factor XIIa) → Kallikrein → cleaves Kininogens → Kinins
| Peptide | Source | Stimulus | Key Actions |
|---|---|---|---|
| ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) | Cardiac atria | Atrial stretch, volume expansion | Natriuresis, diuresis, vasodilation, inhibits RAAS, ↓BP |
| BNP (Brain/B-type NP) | Ventricular myocardium | Ventricular wall stress | Same as ANP; biomarker for heart failure |
| CNP (C-type NP) | Vascular endothelium, CNS | - | Vasodilation; less natriuretic effect |
Membrane phospholipids
|
Phospholipase A2 (blocked by corticosteroids)
|
Arachidonic Acid
/ \
COX pathway LOX pathway CYP pathway
(NSAIDs block) (zileuton blocks)
| Prostanoid | Main Source | Receptor | Key Actions |
|---|---|---|---|
| PGE2 (Prostaglandin E2) | Widely expressed | EP1-EP4 | Vasodilation, fever (hypothalamic), pain sensitization (peripheral), ↑uterine tone, gastric cytoprotection |
| PGI2 (Prostacyclin) | Vascular endothelium | IP | Vasodilation, inhibits platelet aggregation - opposes TxA2 |
| TxA2 (Thromboxane A2) | Platelets | TP | Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation - aspirn inhibits COX-1 in platelets irreversibly |
| PGD2 | Mast cells, brain | DP1, DP2 | Vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, eosinophil chemotaxis, sleep regulation |
| PGF2α | Uterus, lungs | FP | Uterine contraction, bronchoconstriction, luteolysis |
| Leukotriene | Source | Key Actions |
|---|---|---|
| LTB4 | Neutrophils, macrophages | Potent neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion; promotes inflammation |
| LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 (Cysteinyl-LTs; formerly "slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis - SRS-A") | Mast cells, eosinophils, basophils | Bronchoconstriction (1000x more potent than histamine), ↑mucus secretion, ↑vascular permeability |
| Category | Autocoid | Precursor | Key Enzyme | Primary Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amines | Histamine | L-histidine | Histidine decarboxylase | Allergy, inflammation, gastric acid, itch |
| Serotonin (5-HT) | L-tryptophan | Tryptophan hydroxylase | GI motility, platelet aggregation, mood, vasoconstriction | |
| Peptides | Bradykinin | Kininogens | Kallikreins | Vasodilation, pain, inflammation, vascular permeability |
| ANP/BNP | Preproprotein | Proteolytic cleavage | Natriuresis, vasodilation, inhibit RAAS | |
| Substance P | Gene-encoded | - | Pain, neurogenic inflammation | |
| Endothelins | Preproendothelin | Endothelin-converting enzyme | Vasoconstriction (ET-1 most potent) | |
| Lipids | PGE2/PGI2/TxA2 | Arachidonic acid | COX-1/COX-2 | Inflammation, fever, hemostasis, reproduction |
| Leukotrienes | Arachidonic acid | 5-LOX | Bronchoconstriction, chemotaxis | |
| Lipoxins | Arachidonic acid | 15-LOX + 5-LOX | Anti-inflammatory, resolution | |
| PAF | Membrane phospholipids | PLA2 + acetyltransferase | Platelet activation, bronchoconstriction, anaphylaxis |
As a pptx
ls -la /home/daytona/workspace/ 2>/dev/null || echo "workspace empty or not found"
~/autocoids-pptx/autocoids.js
const pptxgen = require("pptxgenjs");
const pres = new pptxgen();
pres.layout = "LAYOUT_16x9";
pres.title = "Autocoids: Amine, Peptide & Lipid Derived";
pres.author = "Orris Medical";
// ─── COLOUR PALETTE ───────────────────────────────────────────────
// Dark navy dominant, teal accent, amber highlight
const C = {
navy: "0D1B2A", // dominant bg
navyMid: "162338",
navyLight: "1E3354",
teal: "00B4D8",
tealDark: "0096C7",
amber: "FFB703",
white: "FFFFFF",
offWhite: "E8F1F5",
gray: "8FA3B1",
lightGray: "C9D8E3",
cardBg: "162D44",
green: "52B788",
purple: "9D4EDD",
red: "EF233C",
orange: "F4A261",
};
// ─── HELPER: section label bar ────────────────────────────────────
function sectionBar(slide, label, color) {
slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 0.55,
fill: { color },
line: { color, pt: 0 },
});
slide.addText(label, {
x: 0.3, y: 0, w: 9.4, h: 0.55,
fontSize: 13, bold: true, color: C.navy, valign: "middle", margin: 0,
});
}
// ─── HELPER: card box ─────────────────────────────────────────────
function card(slide, x, y, w, h, fillColor, lineColor) {
slide.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, {
x, y, w, h, rectRadius: 0.08,
fill: { color: fillColor || C.cardBg },
line: { color: lineColor || C.teal, pt: 1.2 },
shadow: { type: "outer", color: "000000", blur: 8, offset: 3, angle: 135, opacity: 0.25 },
});
}
// ─── HELPER: accent left bar ──────────────────────────────────────
function accentBar(slide, x, y, h, color) {
slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
x, y, w: 0.06, h,
fill: { color },
line: { color, pt: 0 },
});
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 1 — TITLE
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color: C.navy };
// Top accent strip
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 0.08, fill: { color: C.teal }, line: { color: C.teal, pt: 0 },
});
// Large decorative circle (background)
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ELLIPSE, {
x: 6.2, y: -1.5, w: 5.5, h: 5.5,
fill: { color: C.navyLight, transparency: 40 },
line: { color: C.teal, pt: 1.5 },
});
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ELLIPSE, {
x: 7.0, y: -0.8, w: 3.8, h: 3.8,
fill: { color: C.teal, transparency: 85 },
line: { color: C.teal, pt: 0 },
});
// Main title
s.addText("AUTOCOIDS", {
x: 0.6, y: 1.2, w: 7, h: 1.1,
fontSize: 52, bold: true, color: C.white,
charSpacing: 8,
});
// Subtitle
s.addText("Amine · Peptide · Lipid Derived", {
x: 0.6, y: 2.4, w: 7, h: 0.6,
fontSize: 22, color: C.teal, italic: true,
});
// Horizontal divider
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
x: 0.6, y: 3.1, w: 5.5, h: 0.04,
fill: { color: C.amber }, line: { color: C.amber, pt: 0 },
});
// Definition box
card(s, 0.55, 3.3, 6.2, 1.3, C.navyLight, C.amber);
s.addText([
{ text: "Autocoids ", options: { bold: true, color: C.amber } },
{ text: "are locally acting endogenous substances produced and acting at or near their site of synthesis. Unlike hormones (systemic) or neurotransmitters (synaptic), they have diverse chemical structures and complex physiological and pathological roles.", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
], { x: 0.75, y: 3.4, w: 5.8, h: 1.1, fontSize: 11.5, valign: "middle" });
// Bottom source
s.addText("Sources: Katzung's Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 16e · Goodman & Gilman's 13e · Ganong's Physiology 26e", {
x: 0, y: 5.3, w: 10, h: 0.3,
fontSize: 8, color: C.gray, align: "center",
});
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 2 — OVERVIEW / CLASSIFICATION MIND-MAP STYLE
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color: C.navy };
sectionBar(s, "CLASSIFICATION OF AUTOCOIDS", C.teal);
s.addText("Three Major Chemical Classes", {
x: 0.4, y: 0.65, w: 9.2, h: 0.4,
fontSize: 16, bold: true, color: C.white,
});
// Central circle
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ELLIPSE, {
x: 3.75, y: 1.9, w: 2.5, h: 1.8,
fill: { color: C.navyLight },
line: { color: C.white, pt: 1.5 },
});
s.addText("AUTO-\nCOIDS", {
x: 3.75, y: 2.0, w: 2.5, h: 1.6,
fontSize: 18, bold: true, color: C.white, align: "center", valign: "middle",
});
// ── AMINE BOX ──
card(s, 0.2, 1.1, 2.9, 2.5, "152032", C.amber);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.2, y: 1.1, w: 2.9, h: 0.38, fill: { color: C.amber }, line: { color: C.amber, pt: 0 } });
s.addText("AMINE-DERIVED", { x: 0.25, y: 1.1, w: 2.8, h: 0.38, fontSize: 11, bold: true, color: C.navy, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
s.addText([
{ text: "• Histamine\n", options: { bullet: false } },
{ text: "• Serotonin (5-HT)\n", options: { bullet: false } },
{ text: "• Dopamine", options: { bullet: false } },
], { x: 0.35, y: 1.56, w: 2.7, h: 1.9, fontSize: 12, color: C.offWhite, valign: "top" });
// ── PEPTIDE BOX ──
card(s, 3.55, 4.0, 2.9, 1.55, "152032", C.green);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 3.55, y: 4.0, w: 2.9, h: 0.38, fill: { color: C.green }, line: { color: C.green, pt: 0 } });
s.addText("PEPTIDE-DERIVED", { x: 3.6, y: 4.0, w: 2.8, h: 0.38, fontSize: 11, bold: true, color: C.navy, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
s.addText("• Bradykinin • ANP/BNP\n• Substance P • Endothelins\n• Angiotensin II", {
x: 3.7, y: 4.42, w: 2.7, h: 1.05, fontSize: 10.5, color: C.offWhite, valign: "top",
});
// ── LIPID BOX ──
card(s, 6.9, 1.1, 2.85, 2.5, "152032", C.purple);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 6.9, y: 1.1, w: 2.85, h: 0.38, fill: { color: C.purple }, line: { color: C.purple, pt: 0 } });
s.addText("LIPID-DERIVED", { x: 6.95, y: 1.1, w: 2.75, h: 0.38, fontSize: 11, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
s.addText([
{ text: "Prostanoids (PGs, TxA2, PGI2)\n", options: {} },
{ text: "Leukotrienes (LTB4, LTC4/D4/E4)\n", options: {} },
{ text: "Lipoxins (LXA4, LXB4)\n", options: {} },
{ text: "PAF", options: {} },
], { x: 7.05, y: 1.56, w: 2.65, h: 1.9, fontSize: 10.5, color: C.offWhite, valign: "top" });
// Connector lines (approximate)
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 3.1, y: 2.5, w: 0.65, h: 0.06, fill: { color: C.amber }, line: { color: C.amber, pt: 0 } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 4.85, y: 4.0, w: 0.06, h: 0.35, fill: { color: C.green }, line: { color: C.green, pt: 0 } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 6.25, y: 2.5, w: 0.65, h: 0.06, fill: { color: C.purple }, line: { color: C.purple, pt: 0 } });
// Key note
s.addText("All act locally with short half-lives and are not stored as classical hormones", {
x: 0.3, y: 5.22, w: 9.4, h: 0.3,
fontSize: 9.5, color: C.gray, align: "center", italic: true,
});
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 3 — HISTAMINE
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color: C.navy };
sectionBar(s, "AMINE-DERIVED | HISTAMINE", C.amber);
// Synthesis pathway box
card(s, 0.25, 0.65, 3.6, 1.3, C.navyLight, C.amber);
s.addText("SYNTHESIS", { x: 0.35, y: 0.68, w: 3.4, h: 0.28, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.amber });
s.addText("L-Histidine → [Histidine decarboxylase] → Histamine\nStored in: Mast cells, Basophils, Platelets, Gastric ECL cells\nMetab: N-methylhistamine, Imidazoleacetic acid (MAO/DAO)", {
x: 0.35, y: 0.98, w: 3.4, h: 0.9, fontSize: 9.5, color: C.offWhite,
});
// Storage/release box
card(s, 4.05, 0.65, 5.6, 1.3, C.navyLight, C.orange);
s.addText("RELEASE TRIGGERS", { x: 4.15, y: 0.68, w: 5.4, h: 0.28, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.orange });
s.addText("IgE-mediated (Type I hypersensitivity) • Tissue injury & trauma\nBasic drugs/contrast media (direct mast cell degranulation)\nNeuropeptides • Complement (C3a, C5a) • High-histamine foods", {
x: 4.15, y: 0.98, w: 5.4, h: 0.9, fontSize: 9.5, color: C.offWhite,
});
// Receptor table header
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
x: 0.25, y: 2.08, w: 9.5, h: 0.34,
fill: { color: C.amber }, line: { color: C.amber, pt: 0 },
});
s.addText("RECEPTOR | COUPLING | LOCATION | KEY EFFECTS", {
x: 0.3, y: 2.08, w: 9.4, h: 0.34, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.navy, valign: "middle", margin: 0,
});
const rows = [
["H1", "Gq → IP3/Ca²⁺", "Endothelium, smooth muscle, nerves", "Vasodilation (via NO), bronchoconstriction, itch, pain, ↑vascular permeability"],
["H2", "Gs → ↑cAMP", "Gastric mucosa, cardiac muscle, immune cells", "↑Gastric acid secretion, positive inotropy, vasodilation (high dose)"],
["H3", "Gi → ↓cAMP, ↓Ca²⁺", "Presynaptic CNS & peripheral nerves", "Autoreceptor — inhibits release of histamine, ACh, amines, peptides"],
["H4", "Gi", "Bone marrow, circulating leukocytes", "Chemotaxis of eosinophils & mast cells; cytokine modulation; allergy"],
];
const rowColors = [C.navyLight, C.navyMid, C.navyLight, C.navyMid];
const accents = [C.amber, C.orange, C.amber, C.orange];
rows.forEach((row, i) => {
const y = 2.42 + i * 0.62;
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.25, y, w: 9.5, h: 0.59, fill: { color: rowColors[i] }, line: { color: rowColors[i], pt: 0 } });
accentBar(s, 0.25, y, 0.59, accents[i]);
// H receptor badge
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, {
x: 0.38, y: y + 0.12, w: 0.45, h: 0.34, rectRadius: 0.05,
fill: { color: accents[i] }, line: { color: accents[i], pt: 0 },
});
s.addText(row[0], { x: 0.38, y: y + 0.12, w: 0.45, h: 0.34, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.navy, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
s.addText(row[1], { x: 0.9, y, w: 1.7, h: 0.59, fontSize: 9, color: C.teal, valign: "middle" });
s.addText(row[2], { x: 2.65, y, w: 3.0, h: 0.59, fontSize: 9, color: C.lightGray, valign: "middle" });
s.addText(row[3], { x: 5.7, y, w: 4.0, h: 0.59, fontSize: 9, color: C.offWhite, valign: "middle" });
});
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 4 — SEROTONIN (5-HT)
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color: C.navy };
sectionBar(s, "AMINE-DERIVED | SEROTONIN (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)", C.amber);
// Left column - synthesis
card(s, 0.2, 0.65, 4.6, 1.5, C.navyLight, C.amber);
s.addText("SYNTHESIS & DISTRIBUTION", { x: 0.32, y: 0.68, w: 4.35, h: 0.28, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.amber });
s.addText(
"L-Tryptophan → [Tryptophan hydroxylase ★ rate-limiting] → 5-HTP\n5-HTP → [Aromatic AADC] → Serotonin (5-HT)\n\nDistribution: Gut enterochromaffin (~90%) · Platelets · CNS raphe nuclei\nMetabolism: MAO-A → 5-HIAA (urine)",
{ x: 0.32, y: 0.98, w: 4.35, h: 1.1, fontSize: 9.5, color: C.offWhite }
);
// Right column - clinical relevance
card(s, 5.05, 0.65, 4.7, 1.5, C.navyLight, C.orange);
s.addText("CLINICAL CONNECTIONS", { x: 5.15, y: 0.68, w: 4.5, h: 0.28, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.orange });
s.addText(
"↑ Urinary 5-HIAA → carcinoid syndrome marker\nSSRIs/SNRIs → ↑synaptic 5-HT → antidepressant\nSerotonin syndrome: hyperthermia, clonus, agitation\nCarcinoid tumour: flushing, diarrhoea, bronchospasm",
{ x: 5.15, y: 0.98, w: 4.5, h: 1.1, fontSize: 9.5, color: C.offWhite }
);
// Receptor table
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
x: 0.2, y: 2.28, w: 9.6, h: 0.34,
fill: { color: C.amber }, line: { color: C.amber, pt: 0 },
});
s.addText("RECEPTOR | TYPE / COUPLING | LOCATION | EFFECTS & DRUGS", {
x: 0.3, y: 2.28, w: 9.5, h: 0.34, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.navy, valign: "middle", margin: 0,
});
const sRows = [
["5-HT1A", "Gi → ↓cAMP", "CNS raphe (autoreceptor), limbic", "Anxiolysis, mood; Agonist: buspirone (anxiolytic)"],
["5-HT1B/D", "Gi → ↓cAMP", "Cranial blood vessels, presynaptic", "Vasoconstriction; Agonists: TRIPTANS (migraine)"],
["5-HT2A", "Gq → IP3/Ca²⁺", "Platelets, blood vessels, CNS", "Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation; blocked by atypical antipsychotics"],
["5-HT3", "Ligand-gated Na⁺/K⁺ ion channel", "Area postrema (CTZ), gut", "Emesis; Antagonists: ondansetron (anti-emetic)"],
["5-HT4", "Gs → ↑cAMP", "GI smooth muscle, CNS", "↑Gut motility; Agonists: metoclopramide, prucalopride"],
];
sRows.forEach((row, i) => {
const y = 2.62 + i * 0.57;
const bg = i % 2 === 0 ? C.navyLight : C.navyMid;
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.2, y, w: 9.6, h: 0.54, fill: { color: bg }, line: { color: bg, pt: 0 } });
accentBar(s, 0.2, y, 0.54, C.amber);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, {
x: 0.32, y: y + 0.1, w: 0.9, h: 0.33, rectRadius: 0.05,
fill: { color: C.amber }, line: { color: C.amber, pt: 0 },
});
s.addText(row[0], { x: 0.32, y: y + 0.1, w: 0.9, h: 0.33, fontSize: 9, bold: true, color: C.navy, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
s.addText(row[1], { x: 1.28, y, w: 2.0, h: 0.54, fontSize: 8.5, color: C.teal, valign: "middle" });
s.addText(row[2], { x: 3.33, y, w: 2.4, h: 0.54, fontSize: 8.5, color: C.lightGray, valign: "middle" });
s.addText(row[3], { x: 5.78, y, w: 4.0, h: 0.54, fontSize: 8.5, color: C.offWhite, valign: "middle" });
});
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 5 — PEPTIDE AUTOCOIDS: BRADYKININ
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color: C.navy };
sectionBar(s, "PEPTIDE-DERIVED | BRADYKININ & THE KALLIKREIN-KININ SYSTEM", C.green);
// Pathway flow
const flowItems = [
{ label: "Prekallikrein", sub: "(activated by FXIIa)", color: C.navyLight, accent: C.teal },
{ label: "Kallikrein", sub: "Plasma / Tissue", color: C.navyLight, accent: C.green },
{ label: "Kininogens", sub: "HMW / LMW", color: C.navyLight, accent: C.teal },
{ label: "Bradykinin", sub: "9-aa peptide", color: C.green, accent: C.white },
];
flowItems.forEach((item, i) => {
const x = 0.2 + i * 2.42;
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, {
x, y: 0.65, w: 2.2, h: 0.9, rectRadius: 0.08,
fill: { color: item.color }, line: { color: item.accent, pt: 1.2 },
});
s.addText(item.label, { x, y: 0.68, w: 2.2, h: 0.5, fontSize: 11, bold: true, color: item.accent, align: "center", valign: "middle" });
s.addText(item.sub, { x, y: 1.1, w: 2.2, h: 0.3, fontSize: 8.5, color: C.gray, align: "center" });
if (i < 3) {
s.addText("→", { x: x + 2.2, y: 0.7, w: 0.22, h: 0.7, fontSize: 20, color: C.teal, align: "center", valign: "middle" });
}
});
// Kininase note
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
x: 0.2, y: 1.65, w: 9.6, h: 0.52,
fill: { color: C.navyLight }, line: { color: C.red, pt: 1 },
});
s.addText([
{ text: "Kininase II = ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme)", options: { bold: true, color: C.red } },
{ text: " — inactivates bradykinin by cleaving C-terminal dipeptide. ", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
{ text: "ACE inhibitors block this → ↑bradykinin → antihypertensive benefit + ACE-inhibitor cough!", options: { color: C.amber } },
], { x: 0.35, y: 1.65, w: 9.3, h: 0.52, fontSize: 10, valign: "middle" });
// Two receptor cards
card(s, 0.2, 2.3, 4.6, 1.2, C.navyLight, C.green);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.2, y: 2.3, w: 4.6, h: 0.32, fill: { color: C.green }, line: { color: C.green, pt: 0 } });
s.addText("B2 RECEPTOR (constitutive)", { x: 0.3, y: 2.3, w: 4.4, h: 0.32, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.navy, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
s.addText("Mediates most physiological actions\n• Vasodilation (via NO + prostacyclin)\n• ↑Vascular permeability • Pain (sensitises nociceptors)\n• Bronchoconstriction • Uterine contraction", {
x: 0.3, y: 2.65, w: 4.4, h: 0.8, fontSize: 9.5, color: C.offWhite,
});
card(s, 5.0, 2.3, 4.8, 1.2, C.navyLight, C.orange);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 5.0, y: 2.3, w: 4.8, h: 0.32, fill: { color: C.orange }, line: { color: C.orange, pt: 0 } });
s.addText("B1 RECEPTOR (inducible — upregulated by inflammation)", { x: 5.1, y: 2.3, w: 4.6, h: 0.32, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.navy, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
s.addText("Mediates pain and inflammatory responses in sustained/chronic inflammation\nActivated by des-Arg-bradykinin (kinin metabolite)\nTarget for novel analgesic/anti-inflammatory agents", {
x: 5.1, y: 2.65, w: 4.6, h: 0.8, fontSize: 9.5, color: C.offWhite,
});
// Clinical box
card(s, 0.2, 3.65, 9.6, 1.75, C.navyLight, C.red);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.2, y: 3.65, w: 9.6, h: 0.32, fill: { color: C.red }, line: { color: C.red, pt: 0 } });
s.addText("CLINICAL RELEVANCE", { x: 0.3, y: 3.65, w: 9.4, h: 0.32, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
s.addText([
{ text: "ACE inhibitor cough: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.amber } },
{ text: "bradykinin accumulation stimulates airway sensory fibres\n", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
{ text: "Hereditary angioedema: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.amber } },
{ text: "C1-INH deficiency → uncontrolled kinin generation → Rx with icatibant (B2 blocker), ecallantide (kallikrein inhibitor), C1-INH concentrate\n", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
{ text: "Carboxypeptidase N (Kininase I): ", options: { bold: true, color: C.teal } },
{ text: "removes C-terminal Arg of bradykinin", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
], { x: 0.35, y: 4.0, w: 9.2, h: 1.3, fontSize: 9.5, valign: "top" });
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 6 — NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES & OTHERS
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color: C.navy };
sectionBar(s, "PEPTIDE-DERIVED | NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES, SUBSTANCE P & ENDOTHELINS", C.green);
// ── Natriuretic Peptides ──
s.addText("Natriuretic Peptides", { x: 0.3, y: 0.66, w: 4, h: 0.3, fontSize: 13, bold: true, color: C.green });
const npRows = [
["ANP", "Atria", "Atrial stretch", "Natriuresis, diuresis, vasodilation, ↓RAAS"],
["BNP", "Ventricles", "Wall stress", "Same as ANP; biomarker for heart failure (NT-proBNP)"],
["CNP", "Endothelium", "Shear stress", "Vasodilation; less natriuretic; CNS effects"],
];
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
x: 0.25, y: 1.0, w: 4.9, h: 0.3,
fill: { color: C.green }, line: { color: C.green, pt: 0 },
});
s.addText("PEPTIDE | SOURCE | TRIGGER | ACTIONS", {
x: 0.3, y: 1.0, w: 4.8, h: 0.3, fontSize: 8.5, bold: true, color: C.navy, valign: "middle", margin: 0,
});
npRows.forEach((r, i) => {
const y = 1.3 + i * 0.52;
const bg = i % 2 === 0 ? C.navyLight : C.navyMid;
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.25, y, w: 4.9, h: 0.5, fill: { color: bg }, line: { color: bg, pt: 0 } });
accentBar(s, 0.25, y, 0.5, C.green);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, { x: 0.35, y: y + 0.08, w: 0.55, h: 0.32, rectRadius: 0.05, fill: { color: C.green }, line: { color: C.green, pt: 0 } });
s.addText(r[0], { x: 0.35, y: y + 0.08, w: 0.55, h: 0.32, fontSize: 9, bold: true, color: C.navy, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
s.addText(r[1], { x: 0.97, y, w: 0.75, h: 0.5, fontSize: 8.5, color: C.teal, valign: "middle" });
s.addText(r[2], { x: 1.74, y, w: 0.95, h: 0.5, fontSize: 8.5, color: C.lightGray, valign: "middle" });
s.addText(r[3], { x: 2.72, y, w: 2.38, h: 0.5, fontSize: 8.5, color: C.offWhite, valign: "middle" });
});
s.addText("Mechanism: guanylyl cyclase receptor → ↑cGMP → vasodilation + natriuresis\nClinical: nesiritide (rBNP) for acute heart failure; NT-proBNP as diagnostic biomarker", {
x: 0.25, y: 2.9, w: 4.9, h: 0.6, fontSize: 9, color: C.gray, italic: true,
});
// ── Substance P ──
card(s, 5.35, 0.65, 4.4, 1.5, C.navyLight, C.purple);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 5.35, y: 0.65, w: 4.4, h: 0.32, fill: { color: C.purple }, line: { color: C.purple, pt: 0 } });
s.addText("SUBSTANCE P", { x: 5.45, y: 0.65, w: 4.2, h: 0.32, fontSize: 11, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
s.addText([
{ text: "Structure: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.purple } },
{ text: "Undecapeptide (11 amino acids); tachykinin family\n", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
{ text: "Source: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.purple } },
{ text: "Primary afferent C-fibres, CNS\n", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
{ text: "Receptor: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.purple } },
{ text: "NK1 (neurokinin-1), Gq-coupled\n", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
{ text: "Actions: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.purple } },
{ text: "Pain transmission, neurogenic inflammation, vasodilation, ↑vascular permeability", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
], { x: 5.45, y: 1.0, w: 4.2, h: 1.1, fontSize: 9.5 });
// ── Endothelins ──
card(s, 5.35, 2.32, 4.4, 2.1, C.navyLight, C.red);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 5.35, y: 2.32, w: 4.4, h: 0.32, fill: { color: C.red }, line: { color: C.red, pt: 0 } });
s.addText("ENDOTHELINS", { x: 5.45, y: 2.32, w: 4.2, h: 0.32, fontSize: 11, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
s.addText([
{ text: "3 isoforms: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.red } },
{ text: "ET-1 (main), ET-2, ET-3 — 21 aa peptides\n", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
{ text: "Source: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.red } },
{ text: "Vascular endothelium, heart, kidney\n", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
{ text: "Synthesis: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.red } },
{ text: "Preproendothelin → Big ET-1 → [ECE] → ET-1\n", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
{ text: "ETA: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.amber } },
{ text: "vasoconstriction, smooth muscle proliferation\n", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
{ text: "ETB: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.teal } },
{ text: "vasodilation via NO; endothelial clearance of ET-1\n", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
{ text: "ET-1 = most potent endogenous vasoconstrictor known\n", options: { bold: true, color: C.amber } },
{ text: "Rx: bosentan/ambrisentan (ETA/ETB blockers) → pulmonary arterial hypertension", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
], { x: 5.45, y: 2.67, w: 4.2, h: 1.7, fontSize: 9.5 });
// Bottom note
s.addText("Also: Angiotensin II (vasoconstriction, ↑aldosterone) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are classified as peptide autocoids/paracoids in many contexts", {
x: 0.25, y: 5.2, w: 9.5, h: 0.3, fontSize: 8.5, color: C.gray, italic: true, align: "center",
});
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 7 — LIPID AUTOCOIDS: EICOSANOID PATHWAY OVERVIEW
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color: C.navy };
sectionBar(s, "LIPID-DERIVED | EICOSANOIDS — BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS", C.purple);
// Central precursor box
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, {
x: 3.6, y: 0.65, w: 2.8, h: 0.8, rectRadius: 0.1,
fill: { color: C.navyLight }, line: { color: C.white, pt: 1.5 },
});
s.addText("Membrane Phospholipids", { x: 3.6, y: 0.67, w: 2.8, h: 0.38, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.white, align: "center" });
s.addText("↓ Phospholipase A2 (PLA2)\n[Corticosteroids inhibit via lipocortin]", {
x: 3.6, y: 1.0, w: 2.8, h: 0.38, fontSize: 8.5, color: C.gray, align: "center",
});
// AA box
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, {
x: 3.9, y: 1.55, w: 2.2, h: 0.55, rectRadius: 0.08,
fill: { color: C.purple }, line: { color: C.purple, pt: 0 },
});
s.addText("ARACHIDONIC ACID (AA)", { x: 3.9, y: 1.55, w: 2.2, h: 0.55, fontSize: 9.5, bold: true, color: C.white, align: "center", valign: "middle" });
// Connector
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 4.95, y: 1.44, w: 0.1, h: 0.12, fill: { color: C.white }, line: { color: C.white, pt: 0 } });
// ── COX PATHWAY ──
card(s, 0.2, 2.22, 3.0, 3.1, C.navyLight, C.teal);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.2, y: 2.22, w: 3.0, h: 0.38, fill: { color: C.teal }, line: { color: C.teal, pt: 0 } });
s.addText("COX PATHWAY", { x: 0.3, y: 2.22, w: 2.8, h: 0.38, fontSize: 11, bold: true, color: C.navy, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
s.addText("Enzyme: Cyclooxygenase-1 (constitutive)\n Cyclooxygenase-2 (inducible)\nInhibited by: NSAIDs / Aspirin\n\n→ PGG2 → PGH2 (precursor)\n\n• PGE2: fever, vasodilation, pain\n• PGI2 (prostacyclin): vasodilation, ↓platelets\n• TxA2: vasoconstriction, ↑platelets\n• PGD2: bronchoconstriction, sleep\n• PGF2α: uterine contraction", {
x: 0.3, y: 2.65, w: 2.8, h: 2.6, fontSize: 9.5, color: C.offWhite,
});
// ── LOX PATHWAY ──
card(s, 3.5, 2.22, 3.0, 3.1, C.navyLight, C.orange);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 3.5, y: 2.22, w: 3.0, h: 0.38, fill: { color: C.orange }, line: { color: C.orange, pt: 0 } });
s.addText("LOX PATHWAY", { x: 3.6, y: 2.22, w: 2.8, h: 0.38, fontSize: 11, bold: true, color: C.navy, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
s.addText("Enzyme: 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX)\nActivated by: FLAP protein\nInhibited by: Zileuton\n\n→ 5-HPETE → LTA4\n\n• LTB4: neutrophil chemotaxis\n• LTC4/D4/E4 (cysteinyl-LTs)\n = bronchoconstriction, ↑mucus,\n ↑vascular permeability\n• Lipoxins: anti-inflammatory signals", {
x: 3.6, y: 2.65, w: 2.8, h: 2.6, fontSize: 9.5, color: C.offWhite,
});
// ── CYP PATHWAY ──
card(s, 6.8, 2.22, 3.0, 3.1, C.navyLight, C.red);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 6.8, y: 2.22, w: 3.0, h: 0.38, fill: { color: C.red }, line: { color: C.red, pt: 0 } });
s.addText("CYP PATHWAY", { x: 6.9, y: 2.22, w: 2.8, h: 0.38, fontSize: 11, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
s.addText("Enzyme: Cytochrome P450\nEpoxidase / ω-hydroxylase\n\n→ EETs (epoxyeicosatrienoic acids)\n→ HETEs (hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids)\n\n• Vasodilation (EETs)\n• Renal tubular ion transport\n• ↑Cell proliferation\n• Less pharmacologically targeted\n than COX/LOX", {
x: 6.9, y: 2.65, w: 2.8, h: 2.6, fontSize: 9.5, color: C.offWhite,
});
// Arrow from AA to each pathway
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 1.65, y: 2.1, w: 0.08, h: 0.13, fill: { color: C.teal }, line: { color: C.teal, pt: 0 } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 4.92, y: 2.1, w: 0.08, h: 0.13, fill: { color: C.orange }, line: { color: C.orange, pt: 0 } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 8.25, y: 2.1, w: 0.08, h: 0.13, fill: { color: C.red }, line: { color: C.red, pt: 0 } });
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 8 — PROSTANOIDS IN DETAIL
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color: C.navy };
sectionBar(s, "LIPID-DERIVED | PROSTANOIDS (COX Pathway Products)", C.teal);
// COX-1 vs COX-2 mini cards
card(s, 0.2, 0.65, 4.6, 0.95, C.navyLight, C.teal);
s.addText([
{ text: "COX-1 (constitutive): ", options: { bold: true, color: C.teal } },
{ text: "Housekeeping — gastric cytoprotection (PGE2/PGI2), platelet TxA2, renal homeostasis. Inhibited by non-selective NSAIDs & aspirin.", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
], { x: 0.35, y: 0.68, w: 4.3, h: 0.89, fontSize: 9.5, valign: "middle" });
card(s, 5.0, 0.65, 4.8, 0.95, C.navyLight, C.orange);
s.addText([
{ text: "COX-2 (inducible): ", options: { bold: true, color: C.orange } },
{ text: "Upregulated by cytokines, shear stress, growth factors. Source of inflammatory prostanoids. Selectively inhibited by coxibs (celecoxib, etoricoxib). Also constitutive in kidney & brain.", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
], { x: 5.15, y: 0.68, w: 4.5, h: 0.89, fontSize: 9.5, valign: "middle" });
// Table
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
x: 0.2, y: 1.73, w: 9.6, h: 0.34,
fill: { color: C.teal }, line: { color: C.teal, pt: 0 },
});
s.addText("PROSTANOID | MAIN SOURCE | RECEPTOR | KEY ACTIONS | CLINICAL USE", {
x: 0.3, y: 1.73, w: 9.5, h: 0.34, fontSize: 9.5, bold: true, color: C.navy, valign: "middle", margin: 0,
});
const pRows = [
["PGE2", "Many tissues (COX-2)", "EP1-EP4", "Vasodilation, fever (hypothalamus), pain sensitisation, uterine contraction, gastric cytoprotection", "Misoprostol (PGE1 analog) — ulcer Rx, cervical ripening"],
["PGI2\n(Prostacyclin)", "Vascular endothelium", "IP (Gs→↑cAMP)", "Potent vasodilation, inhibits platelet aggregation, renal vasodilation — OPPOSES TxA2", "Epoprostenol, iloprost — pulmonary arterial hypertension"],
["TxA2", "Platelets (COX-1)", "TP (Gq)", "Potent vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, bronchoconstriction. Short t½ (<30 sec)", "Aspirin inhibits COX-1 irreversibly → antiplatelet"],
["PGD2", "Mast cells, brain", "DP1, DP2", "Vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, eosinophil chemotaxis, sleep regulation", "DP2 (CRTH2) antagonists in asthma (investigational)"],
["PGF2α", "Uterus, lungs", "FP (Gq)", "Uterine contraction, luteolysis, bronchoconstriction, ↑IOP", "Latanoprost (FP agonist) → glaucoma; dinoprostone → labour"],
];
const rowBgs = [C.navyLight, C.navyMid, C.navyLight, C.navyMid, C.navyLight];
pRows.forEach((row, i) => {
const y = 2.07 + i * 0.63;
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.2, y, w: 9.6, h: 0.6, fill: { color: rowBgs[i] }, line: { color: rowBgs[i], pt: 0 } });
accentBar(s, 0.2, y, 0.6, C.teal);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, { x: 0.32, y: y + 0.1, w: 0.95, h: 0.38, rectRadius: 0.05, fill: { color: C.teal }, line: { color: C.teal, pt: 0 } });
s.addText(row[0], { x: 0.32, y: y + 0.1, w: 0.95, h: 0.38, fontSize: 8.5, bold: true, color: C.navy, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
s.addText(row[1], { x: 1.33, y, w: 1.45, h: 0.6, fontSize: 8.5, color: C.teal, valign: "middle" });
s.addText(row[2], { x: 2.82, y, w: 1.1, h: 0.6, fontSize: 8.5, color: C.lightGray, valign: "middle" });
s.addText(row[3], { x: 3.96, y, w: 3.3, h: 0.6, fontSize: 8.5, color: C.offWhite, valign: "middle" });
s.addText(row[4], { x: 7.3, y, w: 2.45, h: 0.6, fontSize: 8, color: C.amber, valign: "middle" });
});
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 9 — LEUKOTRIENES, LIPOXINS & PAF
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color: C.navy };
sectionBar(s, "LIPID-DERIVED | LEUKOTRIENES · LIPOXINS · PAF", C.orange);
// Leukotrienes section
card(s, 0.2, 0.65, 5.65, 2.85, C.navyLight, C.orange);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.2, y: 0.65, w: 5.65, h: 0.34, fill: { color: C.orange }, line: { color: C.orange, pt: 0 } });
s.addText("LEUKOTRIENES (5-LOX Pathway)", { x: 0.3, y: 0.65, w: 5.5, h: 0.34, fontSize: 11, bold: true, color: C.navy, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
s.addText([
{ text: "AA → 5-HPETE → LTA4 (unstable epoxide)\n", options: { color: C.teal, bold: true } },
{ text: " ↓ LTA4 hydrolase ↓ LTC4 synthase + glutathione\n", options: { color: C.gray } },
{ text: " LTB4 LTC4 → LTD4 → LTE4\n", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
], { x: 0.32, y: 1.03, w: 5.45, h: 0.65, fontSize: 9.5 });
const ltRows = [
{ name: "LTB4", color: C.orange, desc: "Potent neutrophil chemotaxis & adhesion; promotes acute inflammation; activates BLT1/BLT2 receptors" },
{ name: "LTC4/D4/E4", color: C.red, desc: "Cysteinyl-LTs (SRS-A) — 1000× more potent than histamine for bronchoconstriction; ↑mucus; ↑vascular permeability → asthma, anaphylaxis" },
{ name: "Lipoxins\nLXA4/LXB4", color: C.green, desc: "Anti-inflammatory 'stop signals' — inhibit neutrophil recruitment, promote resolution of inflammation; formed by 15-LOX + 5-LOX cooperation" },
];
ltRows.forEach((r, i) => {
const y = 1.72 + i * 0.56;
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, { x: 0.32, y: y + 0.05, w: 1.1, h: 0.44, rectRadius: 0.06, fill: { color: r.color }, line: { color: r.color, pt: 0 } });
s.addText(r.name, { x: 0.32, y: y + 0.05, w: 1.1, h: 0.44, fontSize: 8.5, bold: true, color: C.navy, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
s.addText(r.desc, { x: 1.5, y, w: 4.2, h: 0.54, fontSize: 9, color: C.offWhite, valign: "middle" });
});
// Drug box inside leukotriene card
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.32, y: 3.2, w: 5.45, h: 0.24, fill: { color: "102040" }, line: { color: "102040", pt: 0 } });
s.addText([
{ text: "Drugs: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.amber } },
{ text: "Montelukast, zafirlukast (CysLT1 blockers) — asthma/rhinitis | Zileuton (5-LOX inhibitor) — asthma", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
], { x: 0.35, y: 3.2, w: 5.4, h: 0.24, fontSize: 8.5, valign: "middle" });
// PAF section
card(s, 6.1, 0.65, 3.7, 4.7, C.navyLight, C.red);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 6.1, y: 0.65, w: 3.7, h: 0.34, fill: { color: C.red }, line: { color: C.red, pt: 0 } });
s.addText("PLATELET-ACTIVATING FACTOR (PAF)", { x: 6.2, y: 0.65, w: 3.5, h: 0.34, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
s.addText([
{ text: "Structure: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.red } },
{ text: "1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (acetylated phospholipid)\n\n", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
{ text: "Sources: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.red } },
{ text: "Platelets, mast cells, neutrophils, monocytes, vascular endothelium\n\n", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
{ text: "Receptor: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.red } },
{ text: "PAF-R (PAFR) — GPCR (Gi/Gq)\n\n", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
{ text: "Key Actions:\n", options: { bold: true, color: C.amber } },
{ text: "• Platelet aggregation & activation\n• Potent bronchoconstriction\n• Vasoconstriction (low dose) / vasodilation (high dose)\n• ↑Vascular permeability\n• Leukocyte chemotaxis & activation\n• Key mediator in anaphylaxis & severe sepsis\n\n", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
{ text: "Metabolism: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.teal } },
{ text: "Rapidly inactivated by PAF-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH)\n\n", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
{ text: "Note: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.amber } },
{ text: "PAF-AH deficiency is associated with severe asthma in children", options: { color: C.offWhite } },
], { x: 6.2, y: 1.04, w: 3.5, h: 4.2, fontSize: 9.5 });
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 10 — PHARMACOLOGY & DRUG SUMMARY
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color: C.navy };
sectionBar(s, "PHARMACOLOGICAL TARGETS — DRUGS ACTING ON AUTOCOID PATHWAYS", C.teal);
const drugs = [
{ cat: "H1 Blockers", color: C.amber, drugs: "1st gen: diphenhydramine, promethazine, chlorpheniramine\n2nd gen: cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine (no sedation)\nUse: allergy, urticaria, motion sickness, anaphylaxis (adjunct)" },
{ cat: "H2 Blockers", color: C.orange, drugs: "Ranitidine, famotidine, cimetidine\nUse: peptic ulcer, GERD, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome" },
{ cat: "5-HT Drugs", color: C.purple, drugs: "Triptans (5-HT1B/D agonist): sumatriptan — migraine\nSSRIs/SNRIs: fluoxetine, venlafaxine — depression\nOndansetron (5-HT3 antagonist): chemo nausea\nBuspirone (5-HT1A partial agonist): anxiety" },
{ cat: "ACE Inhibitors\n(↑Bradykinin)", color: C.green, drugs: "Enalapril, lisinopril, ramipril\nBenefit: ↑bradykinin → vasodilation, renal protection\nSide effect: dry cough (bradykinin accumulation → tachykinins → airway irritation)" },
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{ cat: "Corticosteroids\n(Master inhibitor)", color: C.red, drugs: "↑Lipocortin → ↓PLA2 → blocks ALL eicosanoid pathways\nDexamethasone, prednisolone — anti-inflammatory, anaphylaxis" },
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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// SLIDE 11 — SUMMARY TABLE
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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// ─── OUTPUT ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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cd /home/daytona/workspace/autocoids-pptx && node autocoids.js 2>&1
node -e "const p = require('pptxgenjs'); const pres = new p(); console.log(Object.keys(pres.shapes).filter(k => k.toLowerCase().includes('rect')))"
node -e "const p = require('pptxgenjs'); const pres = new p(); console.log(Object.keys(pres.shapes).filter(k => k.toLowerCase().includes('ell') || k.toLowerCase().includes('oval') || k.toLowerCase().includes('circ')))"
sed -i 's/pres\.shapes\.ELLIPSE/pres.shapes.OVAL/g' /home/daytona/workspace/autocoids-pptx/autocoids.js && echo "fixed"
~/autocoids-pptx/autocoids.js
Successfully replaced 1 instance(s) of the string in '/home/daytona/workspace/autocoids-pptx/autocoids.js'
cd /home/daytona/workspace/autocoids-pptx && node autocoids.js 2>&1
~/autocoids-pptx/autocoids.js
Successfully replaced 1 instance(s) of the string in '/home/daytona/workspace/autocoids-pptx/autocoids.js'
cd /home/daytona/workspace/autocoids-pptx && node autocoids.js 2>&1
Autocoids Pharmacology
Presentation · PPTX
| Slide | Content |
|---|---|
| 1 | Title slide with definition |
| 2 | Classification overview (3-column layout: Amines / Peptides / Lipids) |
| 3 | Histamine - synthesis, release triggers, full H1-H4 receptor table |
| 4 | Serotonin (5-HT) - synthesis, distribution, 5-HT1A to 5-HT4 receptor table |
| 5 | Bradykinin & Kallikrein-Kinin system - formation pathway, B1/B2 receptors, ACE connection |
| 6 | Natriuretic peptides (ANP/BNP/CNP) + Substance P + Endothelins |
| 7 | Eicosanoid biosynthetic pathways (COX / LOX / CYP) overview diagram |
| 8 | Prostanoids detail - PGE2, PGI2, TxA2, PGD2, PGF2α with clinical uses |
| 9 | Leukotrienes, Lipoxins & PAF |
| 10 | Drug summary - H1/H2 blockers, 5-HT drugs, ACE inhibitors, eicosanoid targets, corticosteroids |
| 11 | Full summary table - all autocoids at a glance |
Sets of questions on autocoids exam oriented
Explanation: Histidine decarboxylase catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-histidine to histamine. MAO and diamine oxidase (DAO) are involved in its metabolism, not synthesis.
Explanation: IgE-mediated (Type I hypersensitivity) anaphylaxis is primarily driven by histamine released from mast cells and basophils. LTC4 contributes to bronchoconstriction but is secondary.
Explanation: H3 receptors are presynaptic autoreceptors (and heteroreceptors) in the CNS and peripheral nerves. They inhibit release of histamine and other neurotransmitters (ACh, amines, peptides) via Gi → ↓cAMP.
Explanation: Fexofenadine is a second-generation H1 blocker that does not cross the blood-brain barrier significantly, hence minimal sedation. First-generation agents readily enter the CNS.
Explanation: 5-HT is oxidized by MAO-A to 5-HIAA, which is excreted in urine. Elevated urinary 5-HIAA is a diagnostic marker for carcinoid tumors.
Explanation: Triptans are selective 5-HT1B/1D agonists. 5-HT1B receptors on cranial blood vessels cause vasoconstriction; 5-HT1D receptors on trigeminal nerve terminals inhibit neuropeptide release - both actions abort migraines.
Explanation: Kininase II = ACE. It cleaves the C-terminal dipeptide from bradykinin, inactivating it. ACE inhibitors block this, prolonging bradykinin's action - contributing to their antihypertensive effect and causing the dry cough side effect.
Explanation: ACE inhibitors block kininase II, preventing bradykinin degradation. Accumulated bradykinin stimulates airway sensory C-fibres (which also release substance P and CGRP), causing cough. Switching to an ARB (which does not affect bradykinin) resolves the cough.
Explanation: SRS-A, described before the individual components were identified, is the mixture of cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4). They cause sustained bronchoconstriction 100-1000x more potent than histamine.
Explanation: Montelukast and zafirlukast are CysLT1 receptor antagonists, blocking the action of LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 on bronchial smooth muscle, reducing bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion.
Explanation: Aspirin acetylates and irreversibly inhibits COX-1 in platelets (which lack nuclei and cannot synthesize new COX). This blocks TxA2 synthesis for the platelet's lifetime (~10 days). Vascular endothelial cells can regenerate COX-2 to produce PGI2.
Explanation: PGI2 (from endothelium): vasodilation + inhibits platelets. TxA2 (from platelets): vasoconstriction + promotes platelet aggregation. The balance between these maintains vascular homeostasis.
Explanation: Latanoprost is a PGF2α analog that reduces intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor. It is a first-line topical treatment for open-angle glaucoma.
Explanation: Corticosteroids induce synthesis of lipocortin (annexin A1), which inhibits phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Since PLA2 liberates arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids - the common precursor for all eicosanoids - all pathways (COX + LOX + CYP) are suppressed.
Explanation: ANP binds to particulate (membrane-bound) guanylyl cyclase receptors (GC-A/NPR-A), generating cGMP as second messenger, which causes vasodilation and natriuresis. It also inhibits renin and aldosterone release.
| Q | Drug | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 16 | Sumatriptan | H |
| 17 | Cetirizine | G |
| 18 | Aspirin (low dose antiplatelet) | A |
| 19 | Ondansetron | E |
| 20 | Zileuton | C |
| 21 | Bosentan | J |
| 22 | Ecallantide | I |
| Feature | LTB4 | LTC4/D4/E4 (Cysteinyl-LTs) |
|---|---|---|
| Source | Neutrophils, macrophages | Mast cells, eosinophils, basophils |
| Receptor | BLT1, BLT2 | CysLT1, CysLT2 |
| Action | Neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion; promotes acute inflammation | Bronchoconstriction (1000× > histamine), ↑mucus, ↑vascular permeability |
| Role in disease | Psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease | Asthma, anaphylaxis, allergic rhinitis |
| # | Statement | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 29 | The rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis is _____ | Tryptophan hydroxylase |
| 30 | ET-1 is the most potent endogenous _____ known | Vasoconstrictor |
| 31 | Cysteinyl leukotrienes are formerly called _____ | Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) |
| 32 | ↑Urinary 5-HIAA is diagnostic of _____ | Carcinoid tumor/syndrome |
| 33 | The second messenger for ANP is _____ | cGMP |
| 34 | Nesiritide is a recombinant form of _____ used in acute heart failure | BNP |
| 35 | _____ inhibits PLA2 by inducing lipocortin synthesis | Corticosteroids |
| 36 | The half-life of TxA2 is approximately _____ | 30 seconds |
| 37 | Pitolisant is an inverse agonist/antagonist at _____ receptors used in narcolepsy | H3 |
| 38 | Bradykinin's half-life in circulation is less than _____ | 15 seconds |
AMINE AUTOCOIDS
Histamine: H1(Gq) H2(Gs) H3(Gi-presynaptic) H4(Gi-WBCs)
Serotonin: 5-HT1(Gi) 5-HT2(Gq) 5-HT3(ion channel) 5-HT4(Gs)
PEPTIDE AUTOCOIDS
Bradykinin: Kallikrein→Kininogens→BK; B1(inflam) B2(constitutive)
ACE = Kininase II → inhibitors ↑BK → cough
ANP/BNP: GC-A receptor → ↑cGMP → natriuresis
ET-1: most potent vasoconstrictor; ECE synthesis; ETA(constrict) ETB(dilate)
LIPID AUTOCOIDS (all from AA via PLA2)
COX → Prostanoids (NSAIDs/aspirin block)
PGE2: fever, pain, vasodilation
PGI2: vasodilation, ↓platelets (endothelium)
TxA2: vasoconstriction, ↑platelets (platelets)
LOX → Leukotrienes (zileuton blocks 5-LOX)
LTB4: neutrophil chemotaxis
LTC4/D4/E4: bronchoconstriction (montelukast blocks)
PAF: platelet + mast cell product; anaphylaxis, sepsis
KEY DRUG LINKS
Aspirin → irreversible COX-1 → antiplatelet
Coxibs → ↓PGI2 only → ↑CV risk
ACEi → ↑bradykinin → cough (not ARBs)
Corticosteroids → lipocortin → ↓PLA2 → block all eicosanoids
Hi
Interms of pharmacological basis discuss autocoids the three derivatives in correct sequence
Definition: Autocoids (from Greek autos = self, akos = remedy) are endogenous substances synthesized and released locally, acting near their site of production. They differ from classical hormones (which travel in blood to distant organs) and neurotransmitters (which act across synapses). Together with cytokines, histamine, serotonin, peptides, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes constitute the autocoid group. - Katzung's Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 16e
L-Histidine →[Histidine decarboxylase]→ HISTAMINE
Clinical note: Systemic mastocytosis, urticaria pigmentosa, and gastric carcinoid are associated with excess mast cells and increased urinary histamine metabolites.
| Receptor | G-protein / Signal | Location | Key Actions |
|---|---|---|---|
| H1 | Gq → ↑IP3/Ca²⁺ | Endothelium, bronchial & GI smooth muscle, sensory nerve endings | Vasodilation (via NO), bronchoconstriction, ↑vascular permeability, itch & pain, contraction of GI/uterine muscle |
| H2 | Gs → ↑cAMP | Gastric parietal cells, cardiac muscle, immune cells | ↑Gastric acid secretion, positive inotropy, vasodilation (high dose) |
| H3 | Gi → ↓cAMP, ↓Ca²⁺ influx | Presynaptic neurons (CNS & PNS) | Autoreceptor — inhibits release of histamine, ACh, amines, peptides; modulates appetite/satiety |
| H4 | Gi | Bone marrow & circulating leukocytes (eosinophils, mast cells) | Chemotaxis of eosinophils & mast cells; cytokine modulation; role in allergy & inflammation |
H1 and H2 are postsynaptic in the brain; H3 is predominantly presynaptic.
| Generation | Examples | Key Properties |
|---|---|---|
| 1st generation | Diphenhydramine, promethazine, chlorpheniramine, cyproheptadine | Cross BBB → sedation; antimuscarinic, anti-α-adrenergic; used for motion sickness, anaphylaxis adjunct |
| 2nd generation | Cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine | Do NOT cross BBB → no sedation; few autonomic effects; preferred for allergic rhinitis, urticaria |
First-generation H1 blockers also block muscarinic, α-adrenergic, and serotonin receptors - hence their antimuscarinic side effects (dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision) and sedation.
L-Tryptophan →[Tryptophan hydroxylase ★ rate-limiting]→ 5-HTP
5-HTP →[Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase]→ SEROTONIN (5-HT)
↑Urinary 5-HIAA is a key diagnostic marker for carcinoid tumour.
| Receptor | Coupling | Location | Key Effects |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5-HT1A | Gi → ↓cAMP | Raphe nuclei (autoreceptor), limbic system | Anxiolysis, mood regulation; target of buspirone |
| 5-HT1B/1D | Gi → ↓cAMP | Cranial blood vessel walls, presynaptic terminals | Vasoconstriction; target of triptans (migraine) |
| 5-HT2A | Gq → ↑IP3/Ca²⁺ | Platelets, vascular smooth muscle, CNS | Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation; blocked by atypical antipsychotics |
| 5-HT2C | Gq | CNS (hypothalamus) | Appetite suppression; target of weight-loss drugs |
| 5-HT3 | Ion channel (Na⁺/K⁺) | Area postrema (CTZ), gut enteric neurons | Emesis, gut motility; blocked by ondansetron |
| 5-HT4 | Gs → ↑cAMP | GI smooth muscle | ↑Gut motility (prokinetic); target of metoclopramide, prucalopride |
Prekallikrein →[Factor XIIa / FXIIa activates]→ KALLIKREIN
↓
PLASMA KALLIKREIN → cleaves HMW Kininogen → BRADYKININ (9 aa)
TISSUE KALLIKREIN → cleaves LMW Kininogen → KALLIDIN (Lys-bradykinin, 10 aa)
↓ aminopeptidase
BRADYKININ
This identity of Kininase II with ACE is pharmacologically pivotal: ACE inhibitors (enalapril, lisinopril) block bradykinin degradation → bradykinin accumulates → dry cough (B2 receptor activation of airway C-fibres → substance P release) and potentiation of antihypertensive effect.
| Receptor | Type | Actions |
|---|---|---|
| B2 | Constitutive (always present) | Mediates most normal physiological effects: vasodilation (via NO + PGI2), ↑vascular permeability, pain, bronchoconstriction, uterine contraction, ↑prostaglandin synthesis |
| B1 | Inducible (upregulated by IL-1, TNF in inflammation) | Chronic pain, inflammatory responses; activated by des-Arg-bradykinin (metabolite) |
| Drug | Mechanism | Use |
|---|---|---|
| ACE inhibitors | ↑Bradykinin (block Kininase II) | Hypertension, heart failure, nephroprotection |
| Icatibant | B2 receptor antagonist | Hereditary angioedema (acute attacks) |
| Ecallantide | Plasma kallikrein inhibitor | Hereditary angioedema |
| C1-INH concentrate (Berinert) | Replaces deficient C1-esterase inhibitor | Hereditary angioedema prophylaxis |
| Lanadelumab | Anti-kallikrein monoclonal antibody | HAE prophylaxis |
| Peptide | Source | Stimulus | Mechanism | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANP | Atrial myocytes | Atrial stretch, volume overload | GC-A → ↑cGMP | Natriuresis, diuresis, vasodilation, ↓renin/aldosterone/AVP |
| BNP | Ventricular myocytes | Ventricular wall stress | GC-A → ↑cGMP | Same as ANP; clinical biomarker for heart failure |
| CNP | Vascular endothelium | Shear stress | GC-B → ↑cGMP | Vasodilation; less natriuretic; CNS effects |
| Receptor | Signalling | Location | Action |
|---|---|---|---|
| ETA | Gq → IP3/Ca²⁺ | Vascular smooth muscle | Vasoconstriction, smooth muscle proliferation |
| ETB | Gi/Gq | Vascular endothelium | Vasodilation (via NO + PGI2); clearance of ET-1 |
Membrane Phospholipids
↓ Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) [BLOCKED BY CORTICOSTEROIDS via lipocortin]
Arachidonic Acid (AA)
/ | \
COX Pathway LOX Pathway CYP Pathway
NSAIDs inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2. Coxibs (celecoxib, etoricoxib) selectively inhibit COX-2.
| Prostanoid | Predominant Source | Receptor | Key Actions | Pharmacological Use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PGE2 | Widely expressed (COX-2) | EP1-EP4 | Fever (hypothalamic set-point ↑), vasodilation, pain sensitisation, uterine contraction, gastric cytoprotection | Misoprostol (PGE1 analog): ulcer, cervical ripening |
| PGI2 (Prostacyclin) | Vascular endothelium | IP (Gs → ↑cAMP) | Vasodilation, inhibits platelet aggregation, renal vasodilation | Epoprostenol, iloprost: pulmonary arterial hypertension |
| TxA2 | Platelets (COX-1) | TP (Gq → ↑IP3) | Potent vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation (opposes PGI2) | Aspirin irreversibly inhibits COX-1 → antiplatelet (t½ TxA2 <30 sec) |
| PGD2 | Mast cells, brain | DP1, DP2 | Vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, eosinophil chemotaxis, sleep regulation | DP2 antagonists (investigational) in asthma |
| PGF2α | Uterus, lungs | FP (Gq) | Uterine contraction, luteolysis, bronchoconstriction, ↑IOP | Latanoprost (FP agonist): glaucoma; Dinoprostone: labour induction |
PGI2 vs TxA2 balance: PGI2 from endothelium opposes TxA2 from platelets. Selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) suppress PGI2 without affecting platelet TxA2 → pro-thrombotic state → ↑cardiovascular risk (Vioxx withdrawal 2004).
AA →[5-LOX + FLAP]→ 5-HPETE → LTA4 (unstable epoxide)
/ \
LTA4 hydrolase LTC4 synthase (+glutathione)
↓ ↓
LTB4 LTC4 → LTD4 → LTE4
(dihydroxy) (cysteinyl leukotrienes)
| Leukotriene | Source | Receptor | Key Actions | Clinical Relevance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LTB4 | Neutrophils, macrophages | BLT1, BLT2 | Potent neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion; acute inflammation | Psoriasis, IBD |
| LTC4/D4/E4 (Cysteinyl-LTs = SRS-A) | Mast cells, eosinophils, basophils | CysLT1, CysLT2 | Bronchoconstriction (1000× > histamine), ↑mucus secretion, ↑vascular permeability | Asthma, anaphylaxis, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease |
The old term "Slow-Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis" (SRS-A) refers to the mixture of LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4.
TISSUE INJURY / ANTIGEN
|
┌────┴────────────────────────┐
↓ ↓
MAST CELL DEGRANULATION PLA2 ACTIVATION
| |
HISTAMINE (amine) ARACHIDONIC ACID
SEROTONIN (amine) / \
| COX LOX
↓ | |
Vasodilation PGE2 LTB4 (chemotaxis)
Itch / pain TxA2 LTC4/D4/E4 (bronchoconstriction)
↑Permeability PGI2 Lipoxins (resolution)
|
BRADYKININ (peptide)
- released by kallikrein
- amplifies vasodilation
- stimulates PG synthesis
- causes pain
- degraded by ACE
| Drug Class | Blocks | Pathway(s) Affected |
|---|---|---|
| Corticosteroids | PLA2 (via lipocortin) | ALL eicosanoids (COX + LOX + CYP) + PAF |
| NSAIDs (non-selective) | COX-1 + COX-2 | All prostanoids |
| Aspirin (low dose) | COX-1 irreversible (platelets) | TxA2 → antiplatelet |
| Coxibs | COX-2 selectively | Inflammatory PGs; ↓PGI2 → ↑CV risk |
| Zileuton | 5-LOX | All leukotrienes |
| Montelukast | CysLT1 receptor | LTC4/D4/E4 effects only |
| ACE inhibitors | Kininase II | ↑Bradykinin accumulation |
| H1 blockers | H1 receptor | Histamine-mediated allergy/itch |
| H2 blockers | H2 receptor | Gastric acid secretion |
Make the above notes as a pptx
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pres.title = "Autocoids – Pharmacological Basis";
pres.author = "Orris Medical";
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tealDk: "009E8A",
amber: "FFB703",
amberDk: "E09A00",
green: "4CC97A",
purple: "A06CD5",
red: "E84855",
orange: "F4845F",
blue: "5BA4CF",
white: "FFFFFF",
offWhite: "D8E8F0",
gray: "7A96A8",
lt: "B0CCDA",
};
// ── HELPERS ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function topBar(s, label, accent) {
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0, y:0, w:10, h:0.52, fill:{color:accent}, line:{color:accent,pt:0} });
s.addText(label, { x:0.28, y:0, w:9.5, h:0.52, fontSize:12.5, bold:true, color:C.bg, valign:"middle", margin:0 });
}
function accentLine(s, x, y, w, color) {
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x, y, w, h:0.045, fill:{color}, line:{color,pt:0} });
}
function pill(s, x, y, w, h, label, bgColor, textColor) {
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, { x, y, w, h, rectRadius:0.07, fill:{color:bgColor}, line:{color:bgColor,pt:0} });
s.addText(label, { x, y, w, h, fontSize:9.5, bold:true, color:textColor||C.bg, align:"center", valign:"middle", margin:0 });
}
function card(s, x, y, w, h, borderColor) {
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, {
x, y, w, h, rectRadius:0.07,
fill:{color:C.bgCard}, line:{color:borderColor||C.teal, pt:1.2},
shadow:{type:"outer",color:"000000",blur:7,offset:2,angle:135,opacity:0.2},
});
}
function hdrCard(s, x, y, w, h, label, accent) {
card(s, x, y, w, h, accent);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x, y, w, h:0.32, fill:{color:accent}, line:{color:accent,pt:0} });
s.addText(label, { x:x+0.1, y, w:w-0.15, h:0.32, fontSize:10.5, bold:true, color:C.bg, valign:"middle", margin:0 });
}
function leftBar(s, x, y, h, color) {
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x, y, w:0.055, h, fill:{color}, line:{color,pt:0} });
}
function tblHeader(s, x, y, w, cols, colW, accent) {
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x, y, w, h:0.3, fill:{color:accent}, line:{color:accent,pt:0} });
let cx = x;
cols.forEach((c, i) => {
s.addText(c, { x:cx+0.06, y, w:colW[i]-0.08, h:0.3, fontSize:9, bold:true, color:C.bg, valign:"middle", margin:0 });
cx += colW[i];
});
}
function tblRow(s, x, y, cells, colW, accent, rowBg) {
let cx = x;
cells.forEach((cell, i) => {
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:cx, y, w:colW[i], h:0.52, fill:{color:rowBg}, line:{color:rowBg,pt:0} });
s.addText(cell, { x:cx+0.06, y, w:colW[i]-0.1, h:0.52, fontSize:8.5, color:C.offWhite, valign:"middle", margin:0 });
cx += colW[i];
});
leftBar(s, x, y, 0.52, accent);
}
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 1 — TITLE
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color:C.bg };
// top strip
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0, y:0, w:10, h:0.07, fill:{color:C.teal}, line:{color:C.teal,pt:0} });
// decorative circles
s.addShape(pres.shapes.OVAL, { x:6.5, y:-1.2, w:5, h:5, fill:{color:C.bgLight,transparency:50}, line:{color:C.teal,pt:1.5} });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.OVAL, { x:7.3, y:-0.4, w:3.2, h:3.2, fill:{color:C.teal,transparency:82}, line:{color:C.teal,pt:0} });
s.addText("AUTOCOIDS", { x:0.55, y:1.0, w:8, h:1.1, fontSize:54, bold:true, color:C.white, charSpacing:10 });
s.addText("Pharmacological Basis", { x:0.55, y:2.15, w:7, h:0.55, fontSize:24, color:C.teal, italic:true });
accentLine(s, 0.55, 2.82, 5.8, C.amber);
// Three part labels
const parts = [
{ label:"PART I", sub:"Amine-Derived", color:C.amber },
{ label:"PART II", sub:"Peptide-Derived", color:C.green },
{ label:"PART III", sub:"Lipid-Derived", color:C.purple },
];
parts.forEach((p, i) => {
const x = 0.55 + i * 3.0;
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, { x, y:3.0, w:2.7, h:0.75, rectRadius:0.07, fill:{color:C.bgLight}, line:{color:p.color,pt:1.2} });
s.addText(p.label, { x, y:3.02, w:2.7, h:0.35, fontSize:13, bold:true, color:p.color, align:"center" });
s.addText(p.sub, { x, y:3.35, w:2.7, h:0.35, fontSize:10, color:C.offWhite, align:"center" });
});
s.addText("Histamine · Serotonin | Bradykinin · Natriuretic Peptides · Endothelins | Eicosanoids · PAF", {
x:0, y:4.0, w:10, h:0.35, fontSize:10, color:C.gray, align:"center",
});
s.addText("Definition: Locally-acting endogenous substances synthesised and released near their site of production\n— distinct from hormones (systemic) and neurotransmitters (synaptic). [Katzung 16e]", {
x:0.5, y:4.45, w:9, h:0.65, fontSize:9.5, color:C.lt, italic:true, align:"center",
});
s.addText("Sources: Katzung's Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 16e · Goodman & Gilman's 13e · Ganong's Physiology 26e", {
x:0, y:5.34, w:10, h:0.25, fontSize:7.5, color:C.gray, align:"center",
});
}
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 2 — HISTAMINE: SYNTHESIS, STORAGE & RELEASE
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color:C.bg };
topBar(s, "PART I — AMINE-DERIVED AUTOCOIDS | HISTAMINE: Synthesis, Storage & Release", C.amber);
// Synthesis arrow flow
const flow = [
{ t:"L-Histidine", sub:"Amino acid precursor" },
{ t:"↓ Histidine\nDecarboxylase", sub:"Rate-limiting enzyme" },
{ t:"HISTAMINE", sub:"Biologically active amine", highlight:true },
];
flow.forEach((f, i) => {
const x = 0.3 + i * 3.2;
const bc = f.highlight ? C.amber : C.bgLight;
const tc = f.highlight ? C.bg : C.offWhite;
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, { x, y:0.62, w:2.85, h:0.88, rectRadius:0.08, fill:{color:bc}, line:{color:C.amber,pt:f.highlight?0:1} });
s.addText(f.t, { x, y:0.64, w:2.85, h:0.52, fontSize:f.highlight?13:11, bold:true, color:tc, align:"center", valign:"middle" });
s.addText(f.sub, { x, y:1.1, w:2.85, h:0.32, fontSize:8.5, color:f.highlight?C.bgMid:C.gray, align:"center" });
if (i<2) s.addText("→", { x:x+2.85, y:0.62, w:0.35, h:0.88, fontSize:22, color:C.amber, align:"center", valign:"middle" });
});
// Metabolism box
hdrCard(s, 0.28, 1.6, 5.5, 1.15, "METABOLISM", C.amber);
s.addText([
{ text:"→ N-methylhistamine ", options:{bold:true, color:C.amber} },
{ text:"(histamine-N-methyltransferase)\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"→ Imidazoleacetic acid (IAA) ", options:{bold:true, color:C.amber} },
{ text:"(MAO / diamine oxidase)\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"Very little excreted unchanged. Metabolites excreted in urine.", options:{color:C.lt, italic:true} },
], { x:0.42, y:1.96, w:5.2, h:0.75, fontSize:9.5 });
// Storage & Release box
hdrCard(s, 6.1, 1.6, 3.65, 1.15, "STORAGE & RELEASE", C.orange);
s.addText([
{ text:"Stored in: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.orange} },
{ text:"Mast cell/basophil granules, ECL cells, platelets, CNS\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"Release triggers:\n", options:{bold:true, color:C.orange} },
{ text:"• IgE-mediated (Type I hypersensitivity)\n• Drugs: morphine, tubocurarine, contrast media\n• Complement: C3a, C5a anaphylatoxins\n• Physical: cold, trauma, neuropeptides", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
], { x:6.22, y:1.96, w:3.45, h:0.75, fontSize:9, valign:"top" });
// Clinical pearl
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.28, y:2.85, w:9.47, h:0.5, fill:{color:C.bgMid}, line:{color:C.amber,pt:1} });
leftBar(s, 0.28, 2.85, 0.5, C.amber);
s.addText([
{ text:"Clinical: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.amber} },
{ text:"Systemic mastocytosis, urticaria pigmentosa & gastric carcinoid → ↑mast cell numbers → ↑urinary histamine metabolites. Scombroid fish poisoning: bacterial decarboxylation of histidine in fish → acute histamine toxicity.", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
], { x:0.42, y:2.85, w:9.2, h:0.5, fontSize:9, valign:"middle" });
// Receptor table
tblHeader(s, 0.28, 3.45, 9.47, ["Receptor","G-Protein / Signal","Location","Key Actions"], [0.7,1.8,2.4,4.57], C.amber);
const hRows = [
["H1","Gq → ↑IP3 / Ca²⁺","Endothelium, bronchial & GI smooth muscle, nerve endings","Vasodilation (via NO), bronchoconstriction, ↑vascular permeability, itch & pain, GI/uterine contraction"],
["H2","Gs → ↑cAMP","Gastric parietal cells, cardiac muscle, immune cells","↑Gastric acid secretion, positive inotropy, vasodilation at higher doses"],
["H3","Gi → ↓cAMP, ↓Ca²⁺","Presynaptic neurons — CNS & PNS (autoreceptor)","Inhibits release of histamine, ACh, amines, peptides; modulates appetite/satiety"],
["H4","Gi","Bone marrow, circulating eosinophils & mast cells","Chemotaxis of eosinophils/mast cells; cytokine modulation; allergy & inflammation"],
];
const hBgs = [C.bgLight, C.bgMid, C.bgLight, C.bgMid];
hRows.forEach((r, i) => {
const y = 3.75 + i*0.47;
tblRow(s, 0.28, y, r, [0.7,1.8,2.4,4.57], C.amber, hBgs[i]);
// colour receptor badge
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, { x:0.34, y:y+0.09, w:0.58, h:0.32, rectRadius:0.05, fill:{color:C.amber}, line:{color:C.amber,pt:0} });
s.addText(r[0], { x:0.34, y:y+0.09, w:0.58, h:0.32, fontSize:9, bold:true, color:C.bg, align:"center", valign:"middle", margin:0 });
});
}
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 3 — HISTAMINE: ORGAN EFFECTS & DRUGS
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color:C.bg };
topBar(s, "PART I — HISTAMINE: Organ System Effects & Clinical Pharmacology", C.amber);
// Organ effects — left 6 cards
const organs = [
{ title:"CVS", body:"H1: ↓BP (vasodilation via NO), reflex tachycardia, flushing\nH2 (high dose): direct cardiac stimulation, ↑cAMP vasodilation\nCapillaries: ↑permeability → oedema", accent:C.red },
{ title:"Respiratory", body:"H1: bronchoconstriction (especially in asthmatics)\n↑Bronchial secretions\nH3: modulates bronchomotor tone", accent:C.blue },
{ title:"GI Tract", body:"H2: ↑gastric acid & pepsin secretion from parietal cells\nH1: ↑GI smooth muscle tone → cramps, diarrhoea\nH3: inhibits neurotransmitter release in enteric NS", accent:C.orange },
{ title:"Nervous System", body:"H1: stimulates sensory C-fibres → pain and itch\nH3: modulates neurotransmitter release\nPitolisant (H3 inverse agonist): narcolepsy", accent:C.teal },
{ title:"Skin — Triple Response", body:"1. Red line: direct capillary dilation\n2. Flare: axon reflex (surrounding erythema)\n3. Wheal: ↑permeability → local oedema\n[Lewis — all H1-mediated]", accent:C.purple },
{ title:"Immune / Other", body:"H4: chemotaxis of eosinophils & mast cells\nHistamine → role in immune regulation & chemotaxis of WBCs\nNeoplasms: mastocytosis, carcinoid → excess histamine", accent:C.green },
];
organs.forEach((o, i) => {
const col = i % 3;
const row = Math.floor(i / 3);
const x = 0.22 + col * 3.2;
const y = 0.62 + row * 1.72;
hdrCard(s, x, y, 3.05, 1.6, o.title, o.accent);
s.addText(o.body, { x:x+0.1, y:y+0.36, w:2.85, h:1.2, fontSize:8.8, color:C.offWhite, valign:"top" });
});
// Drugs — right panel
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:9.82, y:0.52, w:0.18, h:5.1, fill:{color:C.bgLight}, line:{color:C.bgLight,pt:0} });
// H1 Blockers table
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.22, y:4.06, w:9.56, h:0.3, fill:{color:C.amber}, line:{color:C.amber,pt:0} });
s.addText("H1-RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (Antihistamines)", { x:0.32, y:4.06, w:9.3, h:0.3, fontSize:10, bold:true, color:C.bg, valign:"middle", margin:0 });
const h1rows = [
["1st Generation","Diphenhydramine, promethazine, chlorpheniramine, cyproheptadine","Cross BBB → sedation; antimuscarinic (dry mouth, urinary retention); α-blockade (promethazine); anti-5HT (cyproheptadine)","Allergy, motion sickness, anaphylaxis adjunct, acute dystonia Rx"],
["2nd Generation","Cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine","Do NOT cross BBB → no sedation; minimal autonomic effects; fexofenadine: zero sedation","Allergic rhinitis, urticaria, chronic idiopathic urticaria — preferred"],
];
const h1bgs = [C.bgLight, C.bgMid];
h1rows.forEach((r, i) => {
const y = 4.36 + i*0.58;
tblRow(s, 0.22, y, r, [1.2, 2.8, 3.3, 2.26], C.amber, h1bgs[i]);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, { x:0.28, y:y+0.1, w:1.08, h:0.32, rectRadius:0.05, fill:{color:C.amber}, line:{color:C.amber,pt:0} });
s.addText(r[0], { x:0.28, y:y+0.1, w:1.08, h:0.32, fontSize:8.5, bold:true, color:C.bg, align:"center", valign:"middle", margin:0 });
});
}
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 4 — SEROTONIN: SYNTHESIS, DISTRIBUTION & RECEPTORS
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color:C.bg };
topBar(s, "PART I — SEROTONIN (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT): Synthesis, Distribution & Receptors", C.amber);
// Synthesis pathway
const sflow = [
{ t:"L-Tryptophan", sub:"Essential amino acid (dietary)" },
{ t:"↓ Tryptophan\nHydroxylase ★", sub:"Rate-limiting step" },
{ t:"5-HTP", sub:"5-Hydroxytryptophan" },
{ t:"↓ Aromatic\nAADC", sub:"" },
{ t:"SEROTONIN\n(5-HT)", sub:"Active amine", hi:true },
];
const sfw = [1.7, 1.4, 1.5, 1.4, 1.75];
let sx = 0.25;
sflow.forEach((f, i) => {
const bc = f.hi ? C.amber : (i%2===0 ? C.bgLight : "transparent");
const tc = f.hi ? C.bg : C.offWhite;
if (bc !== "transparent") {
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, { x:sx, y:0.6, w:sfw[i], h:0.82, rectRadius:0.07, fill:{color:bc}, line:{color:C.amber,pt:f.hi?0:1} });
}
s.addText(f.t, { x:sx, y:0.6, w:sfw[i], h:0.52, fontSize:f.hi?11.5:10, bold:f.hi||i===1||i===3, color:tc, align:"center", valign:"middle" });
if (f.sub) s.addText(f.sub, { x:sx, y:1.1, w:sfw[i], h:0.3, fontSize:8, color:C.gray, align:"center" });
sx += sfw[i];
});
// Metabolism + Distribution
hdrCard(s, 0.25, 1.52, 4.7, 1.0, "METABOLISM", C.amber);
s.addText([
{ text:"MAO-A → 5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"Aldehyde dehydrogenase → 5-HIAA ", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"(urine)\n", options:{color:C.teal} },
{ text:"↑Urinary 5-HIAA = diagnostic marker for CARCINOID TUMOUR", options:{bold:true, color:C.amber} },
], { x:0.38, y:1.87, w:4.45, h:0.62, fontSize:9.5 });
hdrCard(s, 5.1, 1.52, 4.65, 1.0, "DISTRIBUTION", C.teal);
s.addText([
{ text:">90% ", options:{bold:true, color:C.teal} },
{ text:"in GI enterochromaffin cells\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"Platelets ", options:{bold:true, color:C.teal} },
{ text:"(concentrated via SERT transporter; stored by VAT — blocked by reserpine)\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"CNS ", options:{bold:true, color:C.teal} },
{ text:"raphe nuclei: mood, sleep, appetite, pain, BP, vomiting\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"Enteric nervous system ", options:{bold:true, color:C.teal} },
{ text:"— GI motility regulation", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
], { x:5.22, y:1.87, w:4.4, h:0.62, fontSize:9.2 });
// Receptor table
tblHeader(s, 0.25, 2.62, 9.5, ["Receptor","Coupling","Location","Key Actions","Key Drugs"], [0.92,1.5,2.0,2.88,2.2], C.amber);
const sRows = [
["5-HT1A","Gi→↓cAMP","Raphe nuclei (autoreceptor), limbic","Anxiolysis, mood regulation","Buspirone (partial agonist) — anxiety"],
["5-HT1B/D","Gi→↓cAMP","Cranial blood vessels, presynaptic","Cranial vasoconstriction, inhibit trigeminal neuropeptides","Triptans (sumatriptan) — migraine"],
["5-HT2A","Gq→↑IP3","Platelets, vascular SM, CNS","Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation","Blocked by atypical antipsychotics"],
["5-HT3","Ion channel\n(Na⁺/K⁺)","Area postrema (CTZ), gut","Emesis, gut motility (only non-GPCR)","Ondansetron — chemo nausea"],
["5-HT4","Gs→↑cAMP","GI smooth muscle","↑GI motility","Metoclopramide, prucalopride"],
];
const sBgs = [C.bgLight, C.bgMid, C.bgLight, C.bgMid, C.bgLight];
sRows.forEach((r, i) => {
const y = 2.92 + i*0.52;
tblRow(s, 0.25, y, r, [0.92,1.5,2.0,2.88,2.2], C.amber, sBgs[i]);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, { x:0.3, y:y+0.09, w:0.82, h:0.32, rectRadius:0.05, fill:{color:C.amber}, line:{color:C.amber,pt:0} });
s.addText(r[0], { x:0.3, y:y+0.09, w:0.82, h:0.32, fontSize:8.5, bold:true, color:C.bg, align:"center", valign:"middle", margin:0 });
});
}
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 5 — PEPTIDE AUTOCOIDS: BRADYKININ
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color:C.bg };
topBar(s, "PART II — PEPTIDE-DERIVED AUTOCOIDS | BRADYKININ & THE KALLIKREIN-KININ SYSTEM", C.green);
// Formation cascade
const cascade = [
{ t:"Prekallikrein", sub:"(activated by FXIIa)" },
{ t:"KALLIKREIN", sub:"Plasma / Tissue types" },
{ t:"Kininogens", sub:"HMW → bradykinin\nLMW → kallidin" },
{ t:"BRADYKININ", sub:"9-amino acid peptide\nt½ < 15 seconds", hi:true },
];
cascade.forEach((c, i) => {
const x = 0.25 + i*2.38;
const bc = c.hi ? C.green : C.bgLight;
const tc = c.hi ? C.bg : C.offWhite;
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, { x, y:0.6, w:2.18, h:0.88, rectRadius:0.07, fill:{color:bc}, line:{color:C.green,pt:c.hi?0:1.1} });
s.addText(c.t, { x, y:0.62, w:2.18, h:0.48, fontSize:c.hi?12:10.5, bold:true, color:tc, align:"center", valign:"middle" });
s.addText(c.sub, { x, y:1.08, w:2.18, h:0.4, fontSize:8.5, color:c.hi?C.bgMid:C.gray, align:"center" });
if(i<3) s.addText("→", { x:x+2.18, y:0.6, w:0.2, h:0.88, fontSize:22, color:C.green, align:"center", valign:"middle" });
});
// ACE/Kininase II callout
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.25, y:1.57, w:9.5, h:0.52, fill:{color:C.bgMid}, line:{color:C.red,pt:1.2} });
leftBar(s, 0.25, 1.57, 0.52, C.red);
s.addText([
{ text:"Kininase II = ACE ", options:{bold:true, color:C.red} },
{ text:"inactivates bradykinin by cleaving C-terminal Phe-Arg dipeptide (nearly complete degradation in ONE lung passage). ", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"ACE inhibitors → ↑bradykinin → vasodilation (antihypertensive benefit) + dry cough (B2 on airway C-fibres).", options:{bold:true, color:C.amber} },
], { x:0.38, y:1.57, w:9.25, h:0.52, fontSize:9.5, valign:"middle" });
// B1 / B2 receptor cards
hdrCard(s, 0.25, 2.2, 4.6, 1.35, "B2 RECEPTOR (constitutive)", C.green);
s.addText([
{ text:"Mediates all NORMAL physiological actions:\n", options:{bold:true, color:C.green} },
{ text:"• Vasodilation via endothelial NO + PGI2 release\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"• ↑Vascular permeability\n• Pain & hyperalgesia (sensitises nociceptors)\n• Bronchoconstriction\n• Uterine contraction\n• Stimulates prostaglandin synthesis", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
], { x:0.38, y:2.56, w:4.35, h:0.95, fontSize:9.2, valign:"top" });
hdrCard(s, 5.1, 2.2, 4.65, 1.35, "B1 RECEPTOR (inducible — upregulated by IL-1, TNF)", C.orange);
s.addText([
{ text:"Mediates chronic pain & inflammatory responses\n", options:{bold:true, color:C.orange} },
{ text:"• Upregulated during sustained inflammation\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"• Activated by des-Arg-bradykinin (C-terminal Arg removed metabolite)\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"• Target for novel analgesic/anti-inflammatory drugs\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"• SSR240612: selective B1 antagonist (preclinical)", options:{color:C.lt} },
], { x:5.22, y:2.56, w:4.45, h:0.95, fontSize:9.2, valign:"top" });
// Drug table
tblHeader(s, 0.25, 3.66, 9.5, ["Drug / Agent","Mechanism","Clinical Use"], [2.5,4.0,3.0], C.green);
const kdrugs = [
["ACE inhibitors (enalapril, lisinopril)","Block Kininase II → ↑bradykinin → vasodilation","Hypertension, heart failure, CKD/diabetic nephropathy"],
["Icatibant","Bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist","Acute attacks of hereditary angioedema (HAE)"],
["Ecallantide","Recombinant plasma kallikrein inhibitor","HAE — acute attacks (SC injection)"],
["C1-INH concentrate (Berinert, Cinryze)","Replaces deficient C1-esterase inhibitor → ↓kallikrein activation","HAE — prophylaxis and acute treatment"],
];
const kbgs = [C.bgLight, C.bgMid, C.bgLight, C.bgMid];
kdrugs.forEach((r, i) => {
tblRow(s, 0.25, 3.96+i*0.42, r, [2.5,4.0,3.0], C.green, kbgs[i]);
});
}
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 6 — NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES, ENDOTHELINS & SUBSTANCE P
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color:C.bg };
topBar(s, "PART II — NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES · ENDOTHELINS · SUBSTANCE P", C.green);
// Natriuretic peptides
hdrCard(s, 0.25, 0.62, 5.55, 2.45, "NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES", C.teal);
s.addText("Mechanism: bind particulate guanylyl cyclase receptors (GC-A) → ↑cGMP → vasodilation & natriuresis", {
x:0.38, y:0.98, w:5.3, h:0.35, fontSize:9, color:C.teal, italic:true,
});
tblHeader(s, 0.35, 1.38, 5.35, ["Peptide","Source","Stimulus","Key Actions"], [0.65,1.1,1.1,2.5], C.teal);
const npRows = [
["ANP","Atrial myocytes","Atrial stretch, volume expansion","Natriuresis, diuresis, vasodilation, ↓renin, ↓aldosterone, ↓AVP"],
["BNP","Ventricular myocytes","Ventricular wall stress (pressure overload)","Same as ANP; biomarker for HF (NT-proBNP diagnostic)"],
["CNP","Vascular endothelium","Shear stress, cytokines","Vasodilation; less natriuretic; CNS effects"],
];
const npBgs=[C.bgLight, C.bgMid, C.bgLight];
npRows.forEach((r,i)=>{
tblRow(s, 0.35, 1.68+i*0.48, r, [0.65,1.1,1.1,2.5], C.teal, npBgs[i]);
pill(s, 0.38, 1.68+i*0.48+0.09, 0.56, 0.3, r[0], C.teal, C.bg);
});
s.addText([
{ text:"Clinical use: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.amber} },
{ text:"Nesiritide (recombinant BNP) → acute decompensated heart failure", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
], { x:0.38, y:2.88, w:5.3, h:0.18, fontSize:9 });
// Endothelins
hdrCard(s, 6.05, 0.62, 3.7, 2.45, "ENDOTHELINS (ET-1, ET-2, ET-3)", C.red);
s.addText([
{ text:"21 amino-acid peptides; ET-1 = most potent endogenous vasoconstrictor\n", options:{bold:true, color:C.red} },
{ text:"Synthesis: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.amber} },
{ text:"Preproendothelin → Big ET-1 → [ECE] → ET-1\n\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"ETA receptor: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.orange} },
{ text:"Gq → vasoconstriction, SM proliferation\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"ETB receptor: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.teal} },
{ text:"Gi/Gq → vasodilation (via NO+PGI2); clearance of ET-1 from circulation\n\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"Drugs: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.amber} },
{ text:"Bosentan, ambrisentan (ETA/B blockers)\n→ Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
], { x:6.17, y:0.97, w:3.5, h:2.07, fontSize:9.2 });
// Substance P
hdrCard(s, 0.25, 3.18, 5.55, 1.4, "SUBSTANCE P", C.purple);
s.addText([
{ text:"Structure: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.purple} },
{ text:"Undecapeptide (11 aa); tachykinin family\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"Source: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.purple} },
{ text:"Primary afferent C-fibres, CNS enteric neurons\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"Receptor: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.purple} },
{ text:"NK1 (neurokinin-1) — Gq-coupled\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"Actions: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.purple} },
{ text:"Pain transmission, neurogenic inflammation, vasodilation, emesis\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"Drug: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.amber} },
{ text:"Aprepitant (NK1 antagonist) → chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
], { x:0.38, y:3.52, w:5.3, h:1.0, fontSize:9.2 });
// Angiotensin II note
hdrCard(s, 6.05, 3.18, 3.7, 1.4, "ANGIOTENSIN II (note)", C.blue);
s.addText([
{ text:"Also considered a peptide autocoid/hormone\n", options:{color:C.lt, italic:true} },
{ text:"AT1 receptor (Gq): ", options:{bold:true, color:C.blue} },
{ text:"vasoconstriction, aldosterone release, cardiac hypertrophy\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"AT2 receptor (Gi): ", options:{bold:true, color:C.teal} },
{ text:"vasodilation, anti-proliferative, fetal development\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"Drugs: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.amber} },
{ text:"ARBs (losartan) — block AT1 without affecting bradykinin (no cough)", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
], { x:6.17, y:3.52, w:3.5, h:1.0, fontSize:9.2 });
}
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 7 — LIPID AUTOCOIDS: EICOSANOID PATHWAYS OVERVIEW
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color:C.bg };
topBar(s, "PART III — LIPID-DERIVED AUTOCOIDS | EICOSANOID BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS", C.purple);
// Top: membrane → AA flow
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, { x:2.8, y:0.65, w:4.4, h:0.72, rectRadius:0.07, fill:{color:C.bgLight}, line:{color:C.white,pt:1.2} });
s.addText("Membrane Phospholipids", { x:2.8, y:0.65, w:4.4, h:0.38, fontSize:11, bold:true, color:C.white, align:"center", valign:"middle" });
s.addText("↓ Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) [Corticosteroids → lipocortin → blocks PLA2]", { x:2.8, y:1.0, w:4.4, h:0.3, fontSize:8.5, color:C.amber, align:"center" });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, { x:3.7, y:1.45, w:2.6, h:0.62, rectRadius:0.07, fill:{color:C.purple}, line:{color:C.purple,pt:0} });
s.addText("ARACHIDONIC ACID (AA)", { x:3.7, y:1.45, w:2.6, h:0.62, fontSize:11, bold:true, color:C.white, align:"center", valign:"middle" });
// Three pathway columns
const paths = [
{
title:"COX PATHWAY",
sub:"Cyclooxygenase-1 & -2",
blocked:"NSAIDs / Aspirin block",
color:C.teal,
x:0.2,
lines:[
"AA → PGG2 → PGH2",
"(common precursor)",
"↓ cell-specific synthases",
"• PGE2 — fever, vasodilation, pain",
"• PGI2 (Prostacyclin) — ↓platelets, vasodilation",
"• TxA2 — ↑platelets, vasoconstriction",
"• PGD2 — bronchoconstriction, sleep",
"• PGF2α — uterine contraction, ↑IOP",
],
},
{
title:"5-LOX PATHWAY",
sub:"5-Lipoxygenase + FLAP",
blocked:"Zileuton blocks 5-LOX",
color:C.orange,
x:3.45,
lines:[
"AA → 5-HPETE → LTA4",
"(unstable epoxide)",
" ↙ ↘",
"LTA4 hydrolase LTC4 synthase",
" ↓ ↓",
" LTB4 LTC4→LTD4→LTE4",
"Neutrophil (cysteinyl-LTs)",
"chemotaxis bronchoconstriction",
],
},
{
title:"CYP PATHWAY",
sub:"Cytochrome P450",
blocked:"(less targeted clinically)",
color:C.blue,
x:6.7,
lines:[
"AA → EETs",
"(epoxyeicosatrienoic acids)",
"→ Vasodilation",
"→ Renal ion transport",
"",
"AA → 20-HETE",
"→ Vasoconstriction",
"→ Renal Na⁺ handling",
],
},
];
paths.forEach(p => {
card(s, p.x, 2.15, 3.1, 3.28, p.color);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:p.x, y:2.15, w:3.1, h:0.36, fill:{color:p.color}, line:{color:p.color,pt:0} });
s.addText(p.title, { x:p.x+0.08, y:2.15, w:3.0, h:0.36, fontSize:11, bold:true, color:C.bg, valign:"middle", margin:0 });
s.addText(p.sub, { x:p.x+0.08, y:2.52, w:3.0, h:0.24, fontSize:9, color:p.color });
s.addText([{text:p.blocked, options:{bold:true, color:C.amber}}], { x:p.x+0.08, y:2.74, w:3.0, h:0.22, fontSize:9 });
p.lines.forEach((l, li) => {
s.addText(l, { x:p.x+0.1, y:3.0+li*0.25, w:2.9, h:0.25, fontSize:8.8, color:C.offWhite });
});
});
// Bottom note
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.2, y:5.38, w:9.6, h:0.2, fill:{color:C.bgMid}, line:{color:C.bgMid,pt:0} });
s.addText("Corticosteroids block PLA2 via lipocortin → suppress ALL eicosanoid pathways simultaneously (COX + LOX + CYP)", {
x:0.2, y:5.38, w:9.6, h:0.2, fontSize:8.5, color:C.amber, align:"center",
});
}
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 8 — PROSTANOIDS IN DETAIL
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color:C.bg };
topBar(s, "PART III — PROSTANOIDS (COX Pathway) | COX-1 vs COX-2 & Individual Products", C.teal);
// COX-1 vs COX-2
hdrCard(s, 0.22, 0.6, 4.7, 0.92, "COX-1 (Constitutive)", C.teal);
s.addText("Present in virtually all cells; housekeeping roles\n• Gastric mucosal cytoprotection (PGE2/PGI2)\n• Platelet TxA2 synthesis • Renal homeostasis\nInhibited by non-selective NSAIDs and aspirin (irreversible)", {
x:0.35, y:0.95, w:4.45, h:0.54, fontSize:9, color:C.offWhite,
});
hdrCard(s, 5.15, 0.6, 4.63, 0.92, "COX-2 (Inducible)", C.orange);
s.addText("Upregulated by cytokines, shear stress, growth factors\n• Principal source of inflammatory prostanoids\n• Also constitutive in kidney, brain & female reproductive system\nSelectively inhibited by coxibs (celecoxib, etoricoxib)", {
x:5.28, y:0.95, w:4.4, h:0.54, fontSize:9, color:C.offWhite,
});
// Main prostanoid table
tblHeader(s, 0.22, 1.63, 9.56, ["Prostanoid","Main Source","Receptor / Signal","Key Actions","Clinical Use"], [1.2,1.5,1.6,3.0,2.26], C.teal);
const pRows = [
["PGE2","Many tissues (COX-2)","EP1-EP4\n(Gs, Gi, Gq)","Fever (hypothalamic set-point ↑), vasodilation, pain sensitisation, gastric cytoprotection, uterine contraction","Misoprostol (PGE1): ulcer Rx, cervical ripening, post-partum haemorrhage"],
["PGI2\n(Prostacyclin)","Vascular endothelium","IP\nGs → ↑cAMP","Vasodilation, inhibits platelet aggregation, renal vasodilation — opposes TxA2","Epoprostenol, iloprost: pulmonary arterial hypertension"],
["TxA2","Platelets (COX-1)","TP\nGq → ↑IP3","Potent vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation (opposes PGI2). t½ <30 sec","Aspirin (irreversible COX-1) → antiplatelet. Coxibs: ↓PGI2 only → ↑CV risk"],
["PGD2","Mast cells, brain","DP1, DP2","Vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, eosinophil chemotaxis, sleep regulation","DP2 (CRTH2) antagonists — asthma (investigational)"],
["PGF2α","Uterus, lungs","FP\nGq","Uterine contraction (labour), luteolysis, bronchoconstriction, ↑IOP","Latanoprost (PGF2α analog): glaucoma. Dinoprostone: labour induction"],
];
const pBgs = [C.bgLight, C.bgMid, C.bgLight, C.bgMid, C.bgLight];
pRows.forEach((r, i) => {
const y = 1.93 + i*0.69;
tblRow(s, 0.22, y, r, [1.2,1.5,1.6,3.0,2.26], C.teal, pBgs[i]);
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, { x:0.28, y:y+0.13, w:1.08, h:0.42, rectRadius:0.05, fill:{color:C.teal}, line:{color:C.teal,pt:0} });
s.addText(r[0], { x:0.28, y:y+0.13, w:1.08, h:0.42, fontSize:8.5, bold:true, color:C.bg, align:"center", valign:"middle", margin:0 });
});
// COX-2 risk callout
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.22, y:5.38, w:9.56, h:0.22, fill:{color:C.bgMid}, line:{color:C.red,pt:1} });
s.addText([
{ text:"COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs): ", options:{bold:true, color:C.red} },
{ text:"suppress PGI2 from endothelium without affecting platelet TxA2 → prothrombotic state → ↑MI/stroke risk (Vioxx withdrawn 2004)", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
], { x:0.32, y:5.38, w:9.4, h:0.22, fontSize:8.8, valign:"middle" });
}
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 9 — LEUKOTRIENES, LIPOXINS & PAF
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color:C.bg };
topBar(s, "PART III — LEUKOTRIENES · LIPOXINS · PLATELET-ACTIVATING FACTOR (PAF)", C.orange);
// Leukotriene synthesis pathway
hdrCard(s, 0.22, 0.62, 5.8, 2.3, "LEUKOTRIENES (5-LOX Pathway)", C.orange);
s.addText([
{ text:"AA → [5-LOX+FLAP] → 5-HPETE → LTA4 (unstable epoxide)\n", options:{bold:true, color:C.orange} },
{ text:" ↙ LTA4 hydrolase ↘ LTC4 synthase (+glutathione)\n", options:{color:C.gray} },
{ text:" LTB4 LTC4\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:" (dihydroxy leukotriene) peptidase → LTD4 → LTE4\n", options:{color:C.lt} },
], { x:0.35, y:1.0, w:5.55, h:0.75, fontSize:9.5, fontFace:"Courier New" });
// LTB4 card
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.35, y:1.78, w:5.55, h:0.3, fill:{color:C.bgMid}, line:{color:C.bgMid,pt:0} });
leftBar(s, 0.35, 1.78, 1.1, C.orange);
pill(s, 0.42, 1.82, 0.65, 0.24, "LTB4", C.orange, C.bg);
s.addText([
{ text:"Receptor: BLT1/BLT2 | Source: Neutrophils, macrophages\n", options:{color:C.lt} },
{ text:"Actions: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.orange} },
{ text:"Potent neutrophil chemotaxis & adhesion; amplifies acute inflammation; role in psoriasis, IBD", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
], { x:1.12, y:1.78, w:4.7, h:0.55, fontSize:9, valign:"middle" });
// Cysteinyl-LTs card
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.35, y:2.03, w:5.55, h:0.32, fill:{color:C.bgLight}, line:{color:C.bgLight,pt:0} });
leftBar(s, 0.35, 2.03, 0.86, C.red);
pill(s, 0.42, 2.07, 1.05, 0.24, "LTC4/D4/E4", C.red, C.white);
s.addText([
{ text:"= SRS-A | Source: Mast cells, eosinophils, basophils | Receptor: CysLT1, CysLT2\n", options:{color:C.lt} },
{ text:"Actions: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.red} },
{ text:"Bronchoconstriction (1000× > histamine), ↑mucus, ↑vascular permeability → asthma, anaphylaxis", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
], { x:1.52, y:2.03, w:4.3, h:0.42, fontSize:9, valign:"middle" });
// Lipoxins
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.35, y:2.55, w:5.55, h:0.3, fill:{color:C.bgMid}, line:{color:C.bgMid,pt:0} });
leftBar(s, 0.35, 2.55, 0.3, C.green);
pill(s, 0.42, 2.57, 0.9, 0.24, "Lipoxins", C.green, C.bg);
s.addText([
{ text:"LXA4/LXB4 | 15-LOX + 5-LOX | ", options:{color:C.lt} },
{ text:"Anti-inflammatory 'stop signals' — inhibit neutrophil recruitment, promote resolution; aspirin-triggered lipoxins via COX-2", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
], { x:1.37, y:2.55, w:4.5, h:0.3, fontSize:9, valign:"middle" });
// Drug summary
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.35, y:2.9, w:5.55, h:0.22, fill:{color:C.bgMid}, line:{color:C.amber,pt:1} });
s.addText([
{ text:"Drugs: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.amber} },
{ text:"Montelukast, zafirlukast (CysLT1 antagonists) — asthma/rhinitis | Zileuton (5-LOX inhibitor) — asthma", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
], { x:0.48, y:2.9, w:5.35, h:0.22, fontSize:9, valign:"middle" });
// PAF
hdrCard(s, 6.25, 0.62, 3.55, 2.85, "PAF (Platelet-Activating Factor)", C.red);
s.addText([
{ text:"Structure: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.red} },
{ text:"1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine\n(acetylated phospholipid — NOT a classical eicosanoid)\n\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"Sources: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.red} },
{ text:"Platelets, mast cells, neutrophils,\nmonocytes, vascular endothelium\n\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"Receptor: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.red} },
{ text:"PAF-R (GPCR — Gi/Gq)\n\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"Actions:\n", options:{bold:true, color:C.amber} },
{ text:"• Platelet aggregation & activation (femtomolar)\n• Potent bronchoconstriction\n• ↑Vascular permeability\n• Leukocyte activation & chemotaxis\n• Key mediator: anaphylaxis, sepsis, ARDS\n\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"Metabolism: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.teal} },
{ text:"PAF-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) → inactivation\nPAF-AH deficiency → severe asthma in children", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
], { x:6.38, y:0.98, w:3.3, h:2.46, fontSize:9.2 });
// Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease box
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.22, y:3.18, w:9.56, h:0.62, fill:{color:C.bgMid}, line:{color:C.amber,pt:1.2} });
leftBar(s, 0.22, 3.18, 0.62, C.amber);
s.addText([
{ text:"Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (Samter's Triad): ", options:{bold:true, color:C.amber} },
{ text:"Aspirin/NSAIDs inhibit COX → AA shunted to 5-LOX → ↑↑cysteinyl leukotrienes → severe bronchoconstriction. ", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"Triad: asthma + nasal polyps + aspirin sensitivity. Treatment: leukotriene antagonists + avoid COX inhibitors.", options:{color:C.lt} },
], { x:0.38, y:3.18, w:9.3, h:0.62, fontSize:9.5, valign:"middle" });
// Integration reminder
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.22, y:3.88, w:9.56, h:1.7, fill:{color:C.bgLight}, line:{color:C.purple,pt:1.2} });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.22, y:3.88, w:9.56, h:0.3, fill:{color:C.purple}, line:{color:C.purple,pt:0} });
s.addText("SYSTEM INTEGRATION — How the three classes interact", { x:0.32, y:3.88, w:9.3, h:0.3, fontSize:10, bold:true, color:C.white, valign:"middle", margin:0 });
s.addText([
{ text:"Tissue injury/antigen\n", options:{bold:true, color:C.white} },
{ text:"→ Mast cell degranulation: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.amber} },
{ text:"Histamine (amine) + PAF (lipid) → vasodilation, ↑permeability, bronchoconstriction\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"→ PLA2 activation: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.purple} },
{ text:"AA released → COX → PGE2 (fever/pain), PGI2 (vasodilation), TxA2 (clot); LOX → LTB4 (chemotaxis), LTC4/D4/E4 (bronchoconstriction)\n", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
{ text:"→ Kallikrein activation: ", options:{bold:true, color:C.green} },
{ text:"Bradykinin (peptide) → amplifies vasodilation + pain + stimulates further PG synthesis → ACE (Kininase II) terminates it", options:{color:C.offWhite} },
], { x:0.35, y:4.21, w:9.3, h:1.35, fontSize:9.2 });
}
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 10 — MASTER DRUG SUMMARY TABLE
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color:C.bg };
topBar(s, "PHARMACOLOGICAL TARGETS — Master Drug Summary: Drugs Acting on Autocoid Pathways", C.teal);
const drugSections = [
{
cat:"H1 Blockers", accent:C.amber,
rows:[
["1st gen","Diphenhydramine, promethazine, chlorpheniramine","Cross BBB → sedation; antimuscarinic; α-blockade","Allergy, motion sickness, anaphylaxis adjunct, acute dystonia"],
["2nd gen","Cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine","No BBB penetration → no sedation; few autonomic effects","Allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria — first-line"],
],
},
{
cat:"H2 Blockers & 5-HT Drugs", accent:C.orange,
rows:[
["H2 block","Ranitidine, famotidine, cimetidine","Gs→cAMP block on parietal cells → ↓acid","Peptic ulcer disease, GERD, Zollinger-Ellison"],
["5-HT drugs","Triptans (sumatriptan): 5-HT1B/D agonist\nSSRIs (fluoxetine): ↑synaptic 5-HT\nOndansetron: 5-HT3 antagonist","Selective receptor subtype activity","Migraine, depression/anxiety, chemo nausea"],
],
},
{
cat:"Kinin / Peptide Pathway", accent:C.green,
rows:[
["ACE inhib","Enalapril, lisinopril, ramipril","Block Kininase II → ↑bradykinin; block AT I→II","Hypertension, heart failure, CKD (↑bradykinin = cough!)"],
["HAE drugs","Icatibant (B2 block), ecallantide (kallikrein inhib), C1-INH","Target the kinin-generation cascade","Hereditary angioedema — acute & prophylaxis"],
],
},
{
cat:"Eicosanoid Pathway", accent:C.purple,
rows:[
["NSAIDs","Ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac","Non-selective COX-1+2 inhibition","Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic"],
["Aspirin","Low dose: 75–300 mg","Irreversible COX-1 acetylation → ↓TxA2 (platelets)","Antiplatelet — ACS, stroke prevention"],
["Coxibs","Celecoxib, etoricoxib","Selective COX-2 → ↓PGI2 only","Arthritis — note ↑CV risk (↓PGI2/↑TxA2 imbalance)"],
["LT drugs","Montelukast (CysLT1)\nZileuton (5-LOX)","Block leukotriene pathway","Asthma, allergic rhinitis, aspirin-exacerbated RD"],
["PG analogs","Misoprostol (PGE1): gastric/cervical\nLatanoprost (PGF2α): IOP\nEpoprostenol (PGI2): PAH","Selective receptor agonism","Ulcer prophylaxis, glaucoma, PAH"],
["Steroids","Dexamethasone, prednisolone","↑Lipocortin → ↓PLA2 → block ALL eicosanoids","Anti-inflammatory, anaphylaxis, immunosuppression"],
],
},
];
let currentY = 0.6;
drugSections.forEach((sec) => {
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.22, y:currentY, w:9.56, h:0.28, fill:{color:sec.accent}, line:{color:sec.accent,pt:0} });
s.addText(sec.cat, { x:0.3, y:currentY, w:9.4, h:0.28, fontSize:9.5, bold:true, color:C.bg, valign:"middle", margin:0 });
currentY += 0.28;
const bgs = [C.bgLight, C.bgMid];
sec.rows.forEach((r, ri) => {
const rh = r[0]==="5-HT drugs" ? 0.58 : (r[0]==="LT drugs"||r[0]==="PG analogs"?"0.44":0.36);
const hh = parseFloat(rh);
tblRow(s, 0.22, currentY, r, [1.05, 3.1, 2.9, 2.51], sec.accent, bgs[ri%2]);
currentY += hh;
});
currentY += 0.05;
});
}
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 11 — SUMMARY TABLE
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
const s = pres.addSlide();
s.background = { color:C.bg };
topBar(s, "SUMMARY TABLE — Autocoids at a Glance", C.teal);
const thead = [[
{ text:"CLASS", options:{ bold:true, color:C.bg, fill:{color:C.teal} } },
{ text:"AUTOCOID", options:{ bold:true, color:C.bg, fill:{color:C.teal} } },
{ text:"PRECURSOR / SYNTHESIS", options:{ bold:true, color:C.bg, fill:{color:C.teal} } },
{ text:"RECEPTOR / SIGNAL", options:{ bold:true, color:C.bg, fill:{color:C.teal} } },
{ text:"KEY ACTIONS", options:{ bold:true, color:C.bg, fill:{color:C.teal} } },
]];
function row(cls, name, pre, rec, act, bg) {
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{ text:cls, options:{ bold:true, color:C.amber, fill:{color:bg} } },
{ text:name, options:{ color:C.offWhite, fill:{color:bg} } },
{ text:pre, options:{ color:C.lt, fill:{color:bg} } },
{ text:rec, options:{ color:C.teal, fill:{color:bg} } },
{ text:act, options:{ color:C.offWhite, fill:{color:bg} } },
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}
const trows = [
row("AMINE","Histamine","L-Histidine → histidine decarboxylase","H1(Gq) H2(Gs) H3(Gi) H4(Gi)","Allergy, inflammation, gastric acid secretion, itch, bronchoconstriction",C.bgLight),
row("","Serotonin (5-HT)","L-Tryptophan → tryptophan hydroxylase → AADC","5-HT1(Gi) 5-HT2(Gq) 5-HT3(ion ch.) 5-HT4(Gs)","GI motility, platelet aggregation, mood/anxiety, vasoconstriction, emesis",C.bgMid),
row("PEPTIDE","Bradykinin","Kininogens + kallikreins; degraded by ACE (Kininase II)","B1(inducible) B2(constitutive) — Gq","Vasodilation (NO+PGI2), pain, ↑vascular permeability, bronchoconstriction",C.bgLight),
row("","ANP / BNP","Cardiac atria/ventricles; proteolytic cleavage of preproANP","GC-A receptor → ↑cGMP","Natriuresis, diuresis, vasodilation, ↓RAAS (renin, aldosterone, AVP)",C.bgMid),
row("","Endothelins","Preproendothelin → ECE → ET-1","ETA(Gq vasoconstriction) ETB(vasodilation)","ET-1 = most potent endogenous vasoconstrictor; PAH target (bosentan)",C.bgLight),
row("","Substance P","Gene-encoded; tachykinin family (11 aa)","NK1 receptor — Gq","Pain transmission, neurogenic inflammation, vasodilation, emesis",C.bgMid),
row("LIPID","PGE2 / PGI2 / TxA2","Arachidonic acid via COX-1/COX-2","EP, IP, TP receptors","Fever, pain, hemostasis, gastric protection, reproduction, vasoregulation",C.bgLight),
row("","LTC4 / D4 / E4","Arachidonic acid via 5-LOX","CysLT1, CysLT2","Bronchoconstriction (SRS-A), ↑mucus, ↑vascular permeability — asthma",C.bgMid),
row("","LTB4","Arachidonic acid via 5-LOX","BLT1, BLT2","Potent neutrophil chemotaxis; acute inflammation amplification",C.bgLight),
row("","PAF","Membrane phospholipids via PLA2+acetyltransferase","PAF-R (GPCR — Gi/Gq)","Platelet activation, bronchoconstriction, anaphylaxis, sepsis",C.bgMid),
];
s.addTable([...thead, ...trows], {
x:0.22, y:0.62, w:9.56,
colW:[0.85, 1.45, 2.2, 2.3, 2.76],
fontSize:8.5, margin:3, rowH:0.48,
border:{ pt:0.5, color:"1A3354" },
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s.addText("Katzung's Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 16e · Goodman & Gilman's 13e · Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology 26e", {
x:0, y:5.38, w:10, h:0.22, fontSize:7.5, color:C.gray, align:"center",
});
}
// ── WRITE FILE ────────────────────────────────────────────────
pres.writeFile({ fileName: "/home/daytona/workspace/autocoids-pptx/Autocoids_Pharmacological_Basis.pptx" })
.then(() => console.log("✅ File saved successfully"))
.catch(e => { console.error("ERROR:", e.message); process.exit(1); });
Hi