Cervical orthosis

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cervical orthosis collar types immobilization

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diagram of Cervical orthosis

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cervical orthosis types diagram halo vest collar

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Here are the key diagrams of cervical orthoses, from least to most restrictive:

Cervical Orthoses — Types & Images

1. Soft to Rigid Collars (Progression of Immobilization)

Types of cervical collars — tubular bandage (R1), soft foam collar (R2), Philadelphia collar (R3)

Row	Device	Rigidity	Use
R1	Jersey/tubular bandage	Minimal	Sprains, proprioception reminder
R2	Soft foam collar	Low	Minor strains, transitional use
R3	Philadelphia collar	Rigid	Stable fractures, post-op

2. Halothoracic Vest — Components (Labeled)

Halo vest orthosis — labeled with cranial pins, halo ring, and thoracic vest

Key components:

Halo ring — circular frame secured to the skull via cranial pins
4 vertical uprights — rigid metal rods connecting ring to vest
Thoracic vest — padded rigid shell extending to the xiphoid level

3. Halo Vest — Applied to Patient

Patient wearing halo vest orthosis for cervical spine immobilization

Classification by Immobilization Level

Orthosis	Motion Restricted	Typical Indication
Soft collar	Minimal (reminder only)	Whiplash, sprains
Rigid collar (Miami J, Aspen, Philadelphia)	Moderate — flexion/extension > rotation	Stable C-spine fractures
Cervicothoracic orthosis (CTO) — Minerva, Yale brace	High — all planes, esp. cervicothoracic junction	Subaxial injuries, post-op
Halothoracic vest	Maximum — controls head, neck, upper thorax	Unstable fractures, pre-op stabilization

Key biomechanical principle: All cervical orthoses work via three-point pressure — contact at the mandible/occiput superiorly and the sternum/clavicle anteroinferiorly and upper thoracic spine/scapula posteriorly. They decrease but do not eliminate cervical motion. — Rockwood & Green's Fractures in Adults, 10th ed.

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Cervical Orthosis Diagram — Soft Collar, Philadelphia Collar, and Halo Vest

The diagram shows the three main types of cervical orthoses:

	Soft Collar	Philadelphia Collar	Halo Vest
Material	Foam	Rigid plastic/foam	Metal ring + rigid vest
Fixation	Velcro strap	Two-piece snap	4 cranial pins into skull
Immobilization	Minimal	Moderate	Maximum
Contact points	Chin → sternum	Mandible, occiput, sternum, thoracic spine	Skull + entire thorax

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Types of Cervical Orthoses — All Three Comparison Diagram

The diagram compares all three cervical orthosis types side by side:

Feature	Soft Collar	Philadelphia Collar	Halo Vest
Rigidity	Soft foam	Rigid plastic (2-piece)	Metal ring + rigid vest
Contact points	Chin, sternum	Mandible, occiput, sternum, thoracic spine	Skull (via pins), full thorax
Immobilization	Low	Moderate	Maximum
Best for	Sprains, strains	Stable fractures, post-op	Unstable fractures, pre-surgical stabilization
Key risk	Minimal	Skin pressure sores	Pin infection, increased mortality in elderly

Cervico thoracic orthosis drawing

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