What is complete symptoms

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Aphorism 84

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Aphorism 84 Organon of Medicine Hahnemann complete symptoms case taking

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Aphorism 84 - Organon of Medicine (Hahnemann)

Aphorism 84 falls under the Case Taking section (Aphorisms 83-104) of Hahnemann's Organon of Medicine. It describes how the physician should gather and record the complete picture of the patient's disease.

Full Text of Aphorism 84

"The patient details the history of his sufferings; those about him tell what they heard him complain of, how he has behaved and what they have noticed in him; the physician sees, hears, and remarks by his other senses what there is of an altered or unusual character about him. He writes down accurately all that the patient and his friends have told him in the very expressions used by them. Keeping silence himself, he allows them to say all they have to say, and refrains from interrupting them - unless they wander off to other matters. The physician advises them at the beginning of the examination to speak slowly, in order that he may take down in writing the important parts of what the speakers say."

Key Points of Aphorism 84

Three sources of symptom information:
  1. The patient himself - narrates the history of his sufferings in his own words
  2. Friends/attendants - tell what they observed (behavior, complaints they heard)
  3. The physician - uses all his senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch) to observe what is altered or unusual
Rules for the physician during case taking:
  • Write down accurately everything the patient and attendants say, using their own expressions (verbatim recording)
  • Keep silence - do not interrupt; let them speak freely and completely
  • Only interrupt if they wander off irrelevant topics
  • Ask them to speak slowly at the start, so the physician can write down important points

Footnote to Aphorism 84

Hahnemann added an important footnote:
"Every interruption breaks the train of thought of the narrators, and all they would have said at first does not again occur to them in precisely the same manner after that."
This explains why silence is important - interruption disrupts the spontaneous flow of symptoms, and the patient may not remember everything the same way again.

Significance in Case Taking

Aphorism 84 establishes that collecting the complete symptom picture requires:
  • Passive, attentive listening (not leading the patient)
  • Recording symptoms in the patient's own words (avoids physician bias)
  • Observation with all senses (objective signs + subjective complaints)
  • Including third-party observations (attendants, family)
This is followed by Aphorism 85 (recording each symptom on a fresh line) and Aphorism 86 (asking follow-up questions about each symptom after the free narration is complete), together forming a systematic method of individualizing the case for homeopathic prescribing.

Aphorism 86

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Aphorism 86 - Organon of Medicine (Hahnemann)

Aphorism 86 is the second phase of case taking - after the patient has freely narrated (Aph. 84-85), the physician now goes back and asks detailed follow-up questions about each recorded symptom.

Full Text of Aphorism 86

"When the narrators have finished what they would say of their own accord, the physician then reverts to each particular symptom and elicits more precise information respecting it in the following manner; he reads over the symptoms as they were related to him one by one, and about each of them he inquires for further particulars, e.g.:
  • At what period did this symptom occur?
  • Was it previous to taking the medicine he had hitherto been using? While taking the medicine? Or only some days after leaving off the medicine?
  • What kind of pain, what sensation exactly, was it that occurred on this spot?
  • Where was the precise spot?
  • Did the pain occur in fits and by itself, at various times? Or was it continued, without intermission?
  • How long did it last?
  • At what time of the day or night, and in what position of the body did it occur, or disappear?"

Key Points of Aphorism 86

When it applies:
  • Only after the patient and attendants have finished speaking freely (free narration phase is complete)
  • The physician then goes back and re-reads each symptom one by one
What the physician asks about each symptom:
QuestionPurpose
When did it occur?Timing/onset
Before, during, or after medication?Drug relationship - to distinguish drug symptoms from disease symptoms
What kind of pain/sensation?Characterizing the symptom (burning, stitching, pressing, etc.)
Exact location?Localization
Intermittent or continuous?Modality of occurrence
Duration?How long each episode lasts
Time of day/night?Periodicity - diurnal variation
Position of body?Aggravation/amelioration with posture

Relation to Aphorism 87

Aphorism 86 is closely linked to Aphorism 87, which adds a critical rule:
"The physician must never frame questions so as to suggest the answer to the patient - so that he shall only have to answer yes or no."
This prevents:
  • Leading questions (e.g., "Was it a burning pain?" - wrong)
  • Open-ended questions are preferred (e.g., "What kind of pain was it?" - correct)
  • Hahnemann warns that a patient may answer "yes" or "no" out of indolence or to please the physician, leading to a false picture of the disease

Summary: Flow of Case Taking (Aph. 84-89)

AphorismPhase
84Patient/attendants narrate freely; physician listens silently and writes
85Each symptom recorded on a fresh line
86Physician re-reads each symptom and asks follow-up questions (timing, sensation, location, modality)
87Follow-up questions must be open-ended, never leading or suggestive
88Past treatment and medicines recorded
89Physician may ask additional special questions if picture is still incomplete
Aphorism 86 essentially establishes the principle of symptom qualification - moving from vague complaints to precise, individualized symptoms that can be matched to the correct homeopathic remedy.
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