python3 << 'EOF' import pdfplumber base = "/tmp/workspace/attachments/e39b8958-4efb-4e6b-9cc3-819fa2e35c74/" files = { "KNRUHS": "KNRUHS PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS MBBS 1ST YEAR.pdf", "Anatomy": "TM's Anatomy QBank 3rd Edition.pdf", "Physiology": "TM's Physiology QBank 3rd Edition.pdf", "Biochemistry": "TM_s Q bank 2nd edition biochemistry.pdf" } for name, fname in files.items(): path = base + fname try: with pdfplumber.open(path) as pdf: print(f"\n{'='*60}") print(f"FILE: {name} | Pages: {len(pdf.pages)}") print(f"{'='*60}") # Extract first 8 pages to understand structure for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages[:8]): text = page.extract_text() if text: print(f"\n--- Page {i+1} ---") print(text[:1500]) except Exception as e: print(f"Error with {name}: {e}") EOF

python3 << 'EOF' import pdfplumber import re from collections import defaultdict base = "/tmp/workspace/attachments/e39b8958-4efb-4e6b-9cc3-819fa2e35c74/" # Extract ALL KNRUHS question papers all_text = [] with pdfplumber.open(base + "KNRUHS PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS MBBS 1ST YEAR.pdf") as pdf: for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages[4:], start=5): # Skip TOC text = page.extract_text() if text: all_text.append(f"\n=== PAGE {i} ===\n{text}") full_text = "\n".join(all_text) # Save for analysis with open("/tmp/knruhs_full.txt", "w") as f: f.write(full_text) print(f"Total pages extracted: {len(all_text)}") print(f"Total characters: {len(full_text)}") print("\nFirst 3000 chars of actual papers:") print(full_text[:3000]) EOF

python3 << 'EOF' import re from collections import defaultdict, Counter with open("/tmp/knruhs_full.txt", "r") as f: full_text = f.read() # Split into individual exam papers by detecting paper headers papers = re.split(r'(?=First Year M\.B\.B\.S\..*?EXAMINATION)', full_text, flags=re.DOTALL) print(f"Total exam papers detected: {len(papers)}") # Print all paper titles for i, p in enumerate(papers): lines = p.strip().split('\n') # Find exam header line for line in lines[:10]: if 'Biochemistry' in line or 'Anatomy' in line or 'Physiology' in line: print(f"Paper {i}: {line.strip()}") break EOF

python3 << 'EOF' import re from collections import Counter with open("/tmp/knruhs_full.txt", "r") as f: full_text = f.read() # Better splitting - find each examination block exam_blocks = re.findall(r'(First Year M\.B\.B\.S.*?(?=First Year M\.B\.B\.S|\Z))', full_text, re.DOTALL) print(f"Found {len(exam_blocks)} exam papers") # Extract subject and date info from each block for i, block in enumerate(exam_blocks): # Get first few lines lines = [l.strip() for l in block.split('\n') if l.strip()][:8] subject = '' date = '' for line in lines: if 'Paper' in line and ('Biochemistry' in line or 'Anatomy' in line or 'Physiology' in line): subject = line if any(month in line for month in ['March','July','June','February','August','November']): if '20' in line: date = line print(f"{i+1}. {subject} | {date}") EOF

python3 << 'EOF' import pdfplumber import re from collections import Counter, defaultdict base = "/tmp/workspace/attachments/e39b8958-4efb-4e6b-9cc3-819fa2e35c74/" # Extract ALL text page by page with page number tracking pages_data = [] with pdfplumber.open(base + "KNRUHS PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS MBBS 1ST YEAR.pdf") as pdf: for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages): text = page.extract_text() or "" pages_data.append((i+1, text)) # Now find paper boundaries by looking for EXAMINATION header lines current_subject = "" current_date = "" current_exam_num = 0 papers = defaultdict(list) # subject -> list of question texts bio_questions = [] anatomy_questions = [] physio_questions = [] current_paper = None collecting = False for pg_num, text in pages_data: lines = text.split('\n') for line in lines: line = line.strip() if not line: continue # Detect paper type if 'EXAMINATION' in line or 'Examination' in line: collecting = True if 'Biochemistry Paper' in line or 'BIOCHEMISTRY' in line: current_paper = 'biochemistry' elif 'Anatomy Paper' in line or 'ANATOMY' in line: current_paper = 'anatomy' elif 'Physiology Paper' in line or 'PHYSIOLOGY' in line: current_paper = 'physiology' # Collect numbered questions if collecting and current_paper: # Match question numbers like "1.", "2.", "3." etc at start of line q_match = re.match(r'^(\d+)\.\s+(.+)', line) if q_match: q_num = int(q_match.group(1)) q_text = q_match.group(2) if current_paper == 'biochemistry': bio_questions.append(q_text) elif current_paper == 'anatomy': anatomy_questions.append(q_text) elif current_paper == 'physiology': physio_questions.append(q_text) print(f"Biochemistry questions: {len(bio_questions)}") print(f"Anatomy questions: {len(anatomy_questions)}") print(f"Physiology questions: {len(physio_questions)}") print("\n--- BIOCHEMISTRY SAMPLE (first 30) ---") for q in bio_questions[:30]: print(f" - {q[:100]}") print("\n--- ANATOMY SAMPLE (first 30) ---") for q in anatomy_questions[:30]: print(f" - {q[:100]}") print("\n--- PHYSIOLOGY SAMPLE (first 30) ---") for q in physio_questions[:30]: print(f" - {q[:100]}") EOF

python3 << 'EOF' import pdfplumber import re from collections import Counter, defaultdict base = "/tmp/workspace/attachments/e39b8958-4efb-4e6b-9cc3-819fa2e35c74/" pages_data = [] with pdfplumber.open(base + "KNRUHS PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS MBBS 1ST YEAR.pdf") as pdf: for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages): text = page.extract_text() or "" pages_data.append((i+1, text)) # Full extraction with LAQ/SAQ/VSAQ classification and topic tagging current_paper = None current_qtype = None bio_laq = [] bio_saq = [] bio_vsaq = [] ana_laq = [] ana_saq = [] ana_vsaq = [] physio_laq = [] physio_saq = [] physio_vsaq = [] for pg_num, text in pages_data: lines = text.split('\n') for line in lines: line = line.strip() if not line: continue # Subject detection if re.search(r'Biochemistry Paper', line, re.I): current_paper = 'bio' elif re.search(r'Anatomy Paper', line, re.I): current_paper = 'ana' elif re.search(r'Physiology Paper', line, re.I): current_paper = 'physio' # Question type detection if re.search(r'Long Answer', line, re.I): current_qtype = 'LAQ' elif re.search(r'Short Answer', line, re.I): current_qtype = 'SAQ' elif re.search(r'Very Short', line, re.I): current_qtype = 'VSAQ' # Collect questions q_match = re.match(r'^(\d+)\.\s+(.+)', line) if q_match and current_paper and current_qtype: q_text = q_match.group(2).lower() if current_paper == 'bio': if current_qtype == 'LAQ': bio_laq.append(q_text) elif current_qtype == 'SAQ': bio_saq.append(q_text) else: bio_vsaq.append(q_text) elif current_paper == 'ana': if current_qtype == 'LAQ': ana_laq.append(q_text) elif current_qtype == 'SAQ': ana_saq.append(q_text) else: ana_vsaq.append(q_text) elif current_paper == 'physio': if current_qtype == 'LAQ': physio_laq.append(q_text) elif current_qtype == 'SAQ': physio_saq.append(q_text) else: physio_vsaq.append(q_text) print(f"BIO: LAQ={len(bio_laq)}, SAQ={len(bio_saq)}, VSAQ={len(bio_vsaq)}") print(f"ANA: LAQ={len(ana_laq)}, SAQ={len(ana_saq)}, VSAQ={len(ana_vsaq)}") print(f"PHYSIO: LAQ={len(physio_laq)}, SAQ={len(physio_saq)}, VSAQ={len(physio_vsaq)}") # TOPIC FREQUENCY ANALYSIS # Define key topic patterns bio_topics = { 'Acid-Base Balance': ['acid.base', 'ph', 'acidosis', 'alkalosis', 'buffer', 'hco3', 'respiratory acidosis'], 'Enzymes/Isoenzymes': ['isoenzyme', 'enzyme', 'ck', 'ldh', 'alkaline phosphatase', 'tumor marker'], 'Electron Transport/Bioenergetics': ['electron transport', 'oxidative phosphorylation', 'atp', 'etc'], 'Carbohydrate Metabolism': ['glycolysis', 'gluconeogenesis', 'glycogen', 'hmp', 'tca', 'krebs', 'glucose'], 'Lipid Metabolism': ['lipid', 'lipoprotein', 'ketone', 'cholesterol', 'fatty acid', 'beta oxidation'], 'Protein/Amino Acid Metabolism': ['protein', 'amino acid', 'urea cycle', 'glycine', 'tyrosine', 'phenylalanine', 'tryptophan'], 'Jaundice/Bilirubin': ['jaundice', 'bilirubin', 'neonatal', 'phototherapy'], 'DNA/RNA/Genetics': ['dna', 'rna', 'replication', 'transcription', 'translation', 'mutation', 'genetic'], 'Vitamins': ['vitamin', 'thiamine', 'riboflavin', 'niacin', 'folate', 'cobalamin', 'ascorbic'], 'Hormones': ['hormone', 'steroid', 'insulin', 'thyroid'], 'Clinical Cases/Pathology': ['patient', 'clinical', 'syndrome', 'disease', 'deficiency'], 'Hemoglobin/Porphyrin': ['haemoglobin', 'hemoglobin', 'porphyrin', 'heme'], 'Cell Structure': ['membrane', 'collagen', 'mucopolysaccharide', 'plasma protein'], } physio_topics = { 'Cardiovascular': ['cardiac output', 'blood pressure', 'heart', 'circulation', 'ecg', 'cardiac cycle', 'shock'], 'Respiratory': ['respiration', 'oxygen', 'co2', 'lung', 'ventilation', 'surfactant', 'spirometry'], 'Renal': ['renal', 'gfr', 'urine', 'tubular', 'aldosterone', 'countercurrent', 'micturition'], 'Blood/Haematology': ['erythropoiesis', 'blood group', 'haemoglobin', 'platelet', 'clotting', 'coagulation', 'wbc', 'anaemia'], 'Nervous System': ['action potential', 'nerve', 'synapse', 'cerebellum', 'basal ganglia', 'neuron'], 'Endocrine': ['hormone', 'thyroid', 'insulin', 'diabetes', 'pituitary', 'adrenal', 'growth hormone'], 'Gastrointestinal': ['digestion', 'absorption', 'gastric', 'pancreatic', 'intestinal', 'enterohepatic'], 'Reproductive': ['pregnancy', 'menstrual', 'ovarian', 'spermatogenesis'], 'Muscle': ['muscle contraction', 'sarcomere', 'actin', 'myosin', 'neuromuscular'], 'Special Senses': ['vision', 'hearing', 'refraction', 'colour vision'], } ana_topics = { 'Head & Neck': ['neck', 'thyroid', 'parotid', 'skull', 'scalp', 'tongue', 'facial', 'cranial nerve', 'cavernous', 'orbit', 'tonsil'], 'Thorax': ['heart', 'lung', 'mediastinum', 'thorax', 'atrium', 'ventricle', 'aorta', 'pleura', 'diaphragm'], 'Upper Limb': ['brachial plexus', 'shoulder', 'elbow', 'wrist', 'hand', 'radial', 'ulnar', 'median nerve', 'axillary', 'cubital'], 'Lower Limb': ['hip', 'knee', 'femur', 'sciatic', 'femoral', 'foot', 'ankle', 'popliteal', 'gluteal'], 'Abdomen/Pelvis': ['liver', 'kidney', 'spleen', 'stomach', 'duodenum', 'colon', 'appendix', 'portal', 'peritoneum', 'hernia'], 'Neuroanatomy': ['brain', 'cerebellum', 'spinal', 'cerebral', 'meninges', 'ventricle', 'cerebellar', 'midbrain', 'hypothalamus'], 'Embryology': ['development', 'embryo', 'foetal', 'congenital', 'turner', 'down', 'neural tube', 'placenta'], 'Histology': ['histology', 'microanatomy', 'epithelium', 'cartilage', 'bone', 'testis', 'liver micro', 'kidney micro'], 'Vertebral Column/Spine': ['vertebral', 'spinal cord', 'disc', 'spine'], } def count_topic(questions, topics): counts = defaultdict(int) for q in questions: for topic, keywords in topics.items(): for kw in keywords: if kw in q: counts[topic] += 1 break return sorted(counts.items(), key=lambda x: -x[1]) print("\n" + "="*60) print("BIOCHEMISTRY TOPIC FREQUENCY (All question types)") print("="*60) all_bio = bio_laq + bio_saq + bio_vsaq bio_freq = count_topic(all_bio, bio_topics) for topic, count in bio_freq: bar = "█" * count print(f"{topic:35s} {count:3d} {bar[:40]}") print("\n" + "="*60) print("PHYSIOLOGY TOPIC FREQUENCY (All question types)") print("="*60) all_physio = physio_laq + physio_saq + physio_vsaq physio_freq = count_topic(all_physio, physio_topics) for topic, count in physio_freq: bar = "█" * count print(f"{topic:35s} {count:3d} {bar[:40]}") print("\n" + "="*60) print("ANATOMY TOPIC FREQUENCY (All question types)") print("="*60) all_ana = ana_laq + ana_saq + ana_vsaq ana_freq = count_topic(all_ana, ana_topics) for topic, count in ana_freq: bar = "█" * count print(f"{topic:35s} {count:3d} {bar[:40]}") # Most repeated LAQ topics (highest value - 15 marks each) print("\n" + "="*60) print("BIOCHEMISTRY LAQs (15-mark questions - MOST IMPORTANT)") print("="*60) bio_laq_topics = Counter() for q in bio_laq: for topic, keywords in bio_topics.items(): for kw in keywords: if kw in q: bio_laq_topics[topic] += 1 break for t, c in bio_laq_topics.most_common(): print(f" {t}: {c}x") print("\n" + "="*60) print("PHYSIOLOGY LAQs (15-mark questions)") print("="*60) physio_laq_topics = Counter() for q in physio_laq: for topic, keywords in physio_topics.items(): for kw in keywords: if kw in q: physio_laq_topics[topic] += 1 break for t, c in physio_laq_topics.most_common(): print(f" {t}: {c}x") print("\n" + "="*60) print("ANATOMY LAQs (15-mark questions)") print("="*60) ana_laq_topics = Counter() for q in ana_laq: for topic, keywords in ana_topics.items(): for kw in keywords: if kw in q: ana_laq_topics[topic] += 1 break for t, c in ana_laq_topics.most_common(): print(f" {t}: {c}x") EOF

python3 << 'EOF' import pdfplumber import re from collections import Counter, defaultdict base = "/tmp/workspace/attachments/e39b8958-4efb-4e6b-9cc3-819fa2e35c74/" pages_data = [] with pdfplumber.open(base + "KNRUHS PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS MBBS 1ST YEAR.pdf") as pdf: for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages): text = page.extract_text() or "" pages_data.append((i+1, text)) # More detailed extraction - get the actual question text for most repeated topics # Focus on ALL LAQ and SAQ questions with full text current_paper = None current_qtype = None current_date = "" all_questions = [] date_pattern = re.compile(r'(March|July|June|February|August|November)\s+20\d\d', re.I) for pg_num, text in pages_data: lines = text.split('\n') # Get date from page dm = date_pattern.search(text) if dm: current_date = dm.group() for line in lines: line = line.strip() if not line: continue if re.search(r'Biochemistry Paper.*(I|II)', line, re.I): current_paper = 'BIOCHEMISTRY' p_match = re.search(r'Paper.*?(I|II)', line, re.I) if p_match: current_paper = f"BIOCHEMISTRY {p_match.group()}" elif re.search(r'Anatomy Paper.*(I|II)', line, re.I): current_paper = 'ANATOMY' elif re.search(r'Physiology Paper.*(I|II)', line, re.I): current_paper = 'PHYSIOLOGY' if re.search(r'Long Answer', line, re.I): current_qtype = 'LAQ' elif re.search(r'Short Answer.*8X5|Short Answer.*6X5', line, re.I): current_qtype = 'SAQ' elif re.search(r'Very Short', line, re.I): current_qtype = 'VSAQ' q_match = re.match(r'^(\d+)\.\s+(.+)', line) if q_match and current_paper and current_qtype: all_questions.append({ 'num': int(q_match.group(1)), 'text': q_match.group(2), 'type': current_qtype, 'subject': current_paper, 'date': current_date }) # Count exact topic repetitions (keyword-based) bio_q = [q for q in all_questions if 'BIOCHEMISTRY' in q['subject']] ana_q = [q for q in all_questions if 'ANATOMY' in q['subject']] physio_q = [q for q in all_questions if 'PHYSIOLOGY' in q['subject']] # Fine-grained biochemistry topic count bio_fine_topics = { 'Urea Cycle': ['urea cycle'], 'Glycolysis': ['glycolysis'], 'TCA/Krebs Cycle': ['tca cycle', 'krebs', 'citric acid cycle'], 'HMP Shunt': ['hmp', 'pentose phosphate', 'hexose monophosphate'], 'Gluconeogenesis': ['gluconeogenesis'], 'Glycogen Metabolism': ['glycogen'], 'Beta Oxidation': ['beta oxidation', 'fatty acid oxidation'], 'Ketone Bodies': ['ketone body', 'ketone bodies', 'ketosis'], 'Acid-Base Balance': ['acid.base', 'acidosis', 'alkalosis', 'buffer'], 'Isoenzymes': ['isoenzyme'], 'Enzymes General': ['enzyme', 'km value', 'michaelis'], 'DNA Replication': ['replication', 'dna replication'], 'Transcription': ['transcription'], 'Translation/Protein Synthesis': ['translation', 'protein synthesis'], 'DNA Repair': ['dna repair', 'repair mechanism'], 'Lipoproteins': ['lipoprotein'], 'Cholesterol': ['cholesterol'], 'Bilirubin/Jaundice': ['bilirubin', 'jaundice'], 'Amino Acid Metabolism': ['amino acid', 'transamination', 'deamination'], 'Protein Structure': ['protein structure', 'structural organization', 'collagen', 'triple heli'], 'Vitamins': ['vitamin'], 'Hemoglobin/Porphyrin': ['hemoglobin', 'haemoglobin', 'porphyrin'], 'Hormones': ['steroid hormone', 'mechanism of action', 'hormone'], 'Phenylalanine/Tyrosine': ['phenylalanine', 'tyrosine', 'phenylketonuria', 'pku'], 'Tryptophan': ['tryptophan'], 'Clinical Case (Biochem)': ['patient', 'admitted', 'year old'], 'Oncology/Tumor Markers': ['tumor marker', 'onco'], 'Renal Clearance': ['clearance', 'gfr', 'glomerular'], 'Lipid Chemistry': ['phospholipid', 'sphingolipid', 'fatty acid'], 'ETC/Oxidative Phosphorylation': ['electron transport', 'oxidative phosphorylation', 'atp synthase'], } physio_fine_topics = { 'Cardiac Output': ['cardiac output'], 'Blood Pressure Regulation': ['blood pressure', 'hypertension', 'baroreceptor'], 'Cardiac Cycle': ['cardiac cycle', 'cardiac action potential'], 'ECG': ['ecg', 'electrocardiogram'], 'Shock': ['shock'], 'Erythropoiesis': ['erythropoiesis'], 'Blood Coagulation': ['coagulation', 'clotting', 'fibrinolysis'], 'Blood Groups': ['blood group', 'rh factor', 'erythroblastosis'], 'Oxygen Transport': ['oxygen transport', 'oxygen dissociation', 'odc'], 'CO2 Transport': ['co2 transport', 'carbon dioxide'], 'Regulation of Respiration': ['regulation of respiration', 'neural.*respiration', 'chemical.*respiration'], 'Pulmonary Function Tests': ['pulmonary function', 'spirometry', 'fev', 'fvc'], 'GFR': ['gfr', 'glomerular filtration'], 'Tubular Function': ['tubular', 'reabsorption', 'secretion'], 'Micturition': ['micturition', 'cystometrogram'], 'RAAS': ['renin', 'aldosterone', 'angiotensin'], 'Thyroid Hormones': ['thyroid'], 'Insulin/Diabetes': ['insulin', 'diabetes', 'blood glucose'], 'Growth Hormone': ['growth hormone'], 'Reproductive Physiology': ['menstrual', 'pregnancy', 'ovarian cycle', 'spermatogenesis'], 'Cerebellum': ['cerebellum'], 'Basal Ganglia': ['basal ganglia'], 'Neuromuscular Junction': ['neuromuscular', 'nmj'], 'Action Potential': ['action potential'], 'Vision': ['colour vision', 'visual acuity', 'refraction'], } ana_fine_topics = { 'Brachial Plexus': ['brachial plexus'], 'Median Nerve': ['median nerve'], 'Radial Nerve': ['radial nerve'], 'Ulnar Nerve': ['ulnar nerve'], 'Shoulder Joint': ['shoulder joint'], 'Hip Joint': ['hip joint'], 'Knee Joint': ['knee joint'], 'Sciatic Nerve': ['sciatic nerve'], 'Arches of Foot': ['arches of foot', 'arch of foot'], 'Femoral Triangle': ['femoral triangle'], 'Thyroid Gland': ['thyroid gland', 'thyroid'], 'Parotid Gland': ['parotid gland', 'parotid'], 'Heart Blood Supply': ['blood supply of heart', 'coronary artery', 'coronary'], 'Right Atrium': ['right atrium'], 'Lung/Bronchopulmonary': ['lung', 'bronchopulmonary'], 'Scalp': ['scalp'], 'Vertebral Column': ['vertebral', 'intervertebral'], 'Spinal Cord': ['spinal cord'], 'Cerebellum (Anatomy)': ['cerebellum'], 'Brain/Cerebral': ['cerebral', 'brain'], 'Kidney (Anatomy)': ['kidney', 'renal'], 'Liver (Anatomy)': ['liver'], 'Peritoneum': ['peritoneum'], 'Turner Syndrome': ['turner'], 'Neural Tube': ['neural tube'], 'Histology Bone/Cartilage': ['cartilage', 'bone', 'osteon', 'haversian'], 'Histology Epithelium': ['epithelium'], 'Histology Testis/Ovary': ['testis', 'ovary', 'ovarian'], 'Diaphragm': ['diaphragm'], 'Tongue': ['tongue'], 'Femoral Hernia/Hesselbach': ['hernia', 'hesselbach'], } def fine_count(questions, topics): counts = Counter() for q in questions: q_lower = q['text'].lower() for topic, keywords in topics.items(): for kw in keywords: if re.search(kw, q_lower): counts[topic] += 1 break return counts bio_fine = fine_count(bio_q, bio_fine_topics) physio_fine = fine_count(physio_q, physio_fine_topics) ana_fine = fine_count(ana_q, ana_fine_topics) print("BIOCHEMISTRY FINE-GRAINED TOPIC FREQUENCY:") print("-"*50) for topic, count in bio_fine.most_common(25): print(f" [{count:2d}x] {topic}") print("\nPHYSIOLOGY FINE-GRAINED TOPIC FREQUENCY:") print("-"*50) for topic, count in physio_fine.most_common(25): print(f" [{count:2d}x] {topic}") print("\nANATOMY FINE-GRAINED TOPIC FREQUENCY:") print("-"*50) for topic, count in ana_fine.most_common(25): print(f" [{count:2d}x] {topic}") # Also identify 2024 specific questions (most recent = highest predictor) print("\n\n2024 PAPERS ONLY (Most recent - highest prediction value):") print("="*60) q_2024 = [q for q in all_questions if '2024' in q['date']] print(f"Total 2024 questions: {len(q_2024)}") bio_2024 = [q for q in q_2024 if 'BIOCHEMISTRY' in q['subject']] ana_2024 = [q for q in q_2024 if 'ANATOMY' in q['subject']] physio_2024 = [q for q in q_2024 if 'PHYSIOLOGY' in q['subject']] print(f"\n2024 BIOCHEMISTRY LAQs:") for q in [q for q in bio_2024 if q['type']=='LAQ']: print(f" - {q['text'][:120]}") print(f"\n2024 ANATOMY LAQs:") for q in [q for q in ana_2024 if q['type']=='LAQ']: print(f" - {q['text'][:120]}") print(f"\n2024 PHYSIOLOGY LAQs:") for q in [q for q in physio_2024 if q['type']=='LAQ']: print(f" - {q['text'][:120]}") print(f"\n2024 BIOCHEMISTRY SAQs (first 20):") for q in [q for q in bio_2024 if q['type']=='SAQ'][:20]: print(f" - {q['text'][:100]}") print(f"\n2024 PHYSIOLOGY SAQs (first 20):") for q in [q for q in physio_2024 if q['type']=='SAQ'][:20]: print(f" - {q['text'][:100]}") print(f"\n2024 ANATOMY SAQs (first 20):") for q in [q for q in ana_2024 if q['type']=='SAQ'][:20]: print(f" - {q['text'][:100]}") EOF

python3 << 'EOF' import pdfplumber import re from collections import Counter, defaultdict base = "/tmp/workspace/attachments/e39b8958-4efb-4e6b-9cc3-819fa2e35c74/" pages_data = [] with pdfplumber.open(base + "KNRUHS PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS MBBS 1ST YEAR.pdf") as pdf: for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages): text = page.extract_text() or "" pages_data.append((i+1, text)) # Better detection - understand the actual paper structure # Look at a broader range of each page current_paper = None current_date = "" all_questions = [] date_pattern = re.compile(r'(March|July|June|February|August|November)\s*,?\s*20\d\d', re.I) year_pattern = re.compile(r'20\d\d') current_pg_text_buffer = [] for pg_num, text in pages_data: dm = date_pattern.search(text) if dm: current_date = dm.group() # Subject detection across full page if re.search(r'Biochemistry', text, re.I): current_paper = 'BIOCHEMISTRY' elif re.search(r'ANATOMY|Anatomy', text): current_paper = 'ANATOMY' elif re.search(r'Physiology|PHYSIOLOGY', text): current_paper = 'PHYSIOLOGY' # More systematic - go through all pages and extract ALL questions with year tag all_q_with_year = [] current_paper = None current_date = "" current_qtype = None for pg_num, text in pages_data: dm = date_pattern.search(text) if dm: current_date = dm.group() ym = year_pattern.search(current_date) year = ym.group() if ym else "unknown" lines = text.split('\n') for j, line in enumerate(lines): line = line.strip() if not line: continue if re.search(r'Biochemistry Paper', line, re.I): current_paper = 'BIOCHEMISTRY' elif re.search(r'Anatomy Paper', line, re.I): current_paper = 'ANATOMY' elif re.search(r'Physiology Paper', line, re.I): current_paper = 'PHYSIOLOGY' if re.search(r'Long Answer', line, re.I): current_qtype = 'LAQ' elif re.search(r'Short Answer', line, re.I): current_qtype = 'SAQ' elif re.search(r'Very Short', line, re.I): current_qtype = 'VSAQ' q_match = re.match(r'^(\d+)\.\s+(.+)', line) if q_match and current_paper and current_qtype: all_q_with_year.append({ 'num': int(q_match.group(1)), 'text': q_match.group(2), 'type': current_qtype, 'subject': current_paper, 'date': current_date, 'year': year }) # Count by year by_year = Counter(q['year'] for q in all_q_with_year) print("Questions per year:", dict(sorted(by_year.items()))) print(f"Total questions: {len(all_q_with_year)}") # Get 2024 questions only (most predictive) q_2024 = [q for q in all_q_with_year if q['year'] == '2024'] bio_2024 = [q for q in q_2024 if q['subject'] == 'BIOCHEMISTRY'] ana_2024 = [q for q in q_2024 if q['subject'] == 'ANATOMY'] physio_2024 = [q for q in q_2024 if q['subject'] == 'PHYSIOLOGY'] print(f"\n2024: BIO={len(bio_2024)}, ANA={len(ana_2024)}, PHYSIO={len(physio_2024)}") # Now do complete topic repeat count across ALL years def get_topic_repeats(questions, topic_keyword_list): """Returns topics sorted by repetition count""" topic_counts = Counter() topic_examples = defaultdict(list) for topic, keywords in topic_keyword_list: for q in questions: q_lower = q['text'].lower() if any(re.search(kw, q_lower) for kw in keywords): topic_counts[topic] += 1 if len(topic_examples[topic]) < 3: topic_examples[topic].append(f"[{q['year']}/{q['type']}] {q['text'][:80]}") return topic_counts, topic_examples bio_topic_list = [ ('Acid-Base Balance/Buffers', ['acid.base', 'acidosis', 'alkalosis', 'buffer system', 'ph.*blood', 'hco3']), ('Enzymes (Classification/Inhibition)', ['enzyme inhibit', 'competitive inhibit', 'noncompetitive', 'enzyme.*classif', 'isoenzyme']), ('ETC & Oxidative Phosphorylation', ['electron transport', 'oxidative phosphorylation', 'atp synthase', 'inhibitors of etc', 'chemiosmosis']), ('Protein Structure & Collagen', ['protein structure', 'structural organ', 'collagen', 'triple heli', 'protein.*bonds']), ('Protein Energy Malnutrition', ['pem', 'protein energy malnutrition', 'kwashiorkor', 'marasmus']), ('HMP Shunt', ['hmp', 'pentose phosphate', 'hexose monophosphate']), ('Gluconeogenesis', ['gluconeogenesis']), ('Glycogen Metabolism', ['glycogen storage', 'glycogenolysis', 'glycogen synthesis', 'von gierke']), ('Urea Cycle', ['urea cycle', 'hyperammonemia']), ('Amino Acid/Phenylalanine/Tyrosine', ['phenylalanine', 'tyrosine', 'phenylketonuria', 'pku', 'alkaptonuria', 'albinism']), ('Amino Acid/Tryptophan', ['tryptophan', 'serotonin.*metabolism', 'hartnup']), ('Bilirubin/Jaundice/Porphyria', ['bilirubin', 'jaundice', 'porphyria', 'heme.*degradation']), ('Vitamins', ['vitamin a', 'vitamin b', 'vitamin c', 'vitamin d', 'thiamine', 'riboflavin', 'niacin', 'folic acid', "wald's"]), ('DNA/RNA/PCR/Mutations', ['dna replication', 'transcription', 'translation', 'mutations', 'pcr', 'polymerase chain', 'dna repair']), ('Electrophoresis/Lab Techniques', ['electrophoresis', 'elisa', 'chromatography', 'photometry']), ('Transport Mechanisms', ['active transport', 'transport mechanism', 'transport across']), ('Cholesterol/Lipoproteins', ['cholesterol', 'lipoprotein', 'hdl', 'ldl']), ('Clinical Case Questions', ['year old.*patient', 'admitted with', 'came to.*opd', 'presented with']), ('Renal Function Tests', ['renal function', 'clearance test', 'gfr.*renal']), ('One Carbon Metabolism', ['one.carbon', 'folate', 'methionine', 'sam']), ('Immunology', ['immunoglobulin', 'immunity', 'hypersensitivity', 'elisa', 'antigen', 'antibody']), ] physio_topic_list = [ ('Cardiac Cycle', ['cardiac cycle', 'ventricular pressure', 'mechanical events.*heart', 'electrical.*mechanical']), ('Conduction System/Action Potential', ['conducting system', 'conduction system', 'cardiac action potential', 'heart block', 'sa node', 'av node']), ('Cardiac Output & Shock', ['cardiac output', 'shock', 'factors affecting.*heart']), ('Blood Pressure & Regulation', ['blood pressure', 'baroreceptor', 'hypertension', 'maintenance.*bp']), ('Erythropoiesis', ['erythropoiesis', 'stages.*erythropoiesis', 'rbc.*formation']), ('Blood Coagulation', ['coagulation', 'clotting', 'blood.*coag', 'fibrinolysis']), ('Blood Groups/Transfusion', ['blood group', 'cross matching', 'blood transfusion', 'rh factor', 'erythroblastosis']), ('Oxygen Transport & ODC', ['oxygen transport', 'oxygen dissociation', 'odc', 'bohr effect']), ('CO2 Transport', ['co2 transport', 'carbon dioxide transport', 'hamburger']), ('Regulation of Respiration', ['regulation of respiration', 'chemical.*respiration', 'neural.*respiration', 'genesis of respiration']), ('Pulmonary Function Tests', ['pulmonary function', 'spirometry', 'fev', 'fvc', 'dynamic lung']), ('GFR & Renal Function', ['gfr', 'glomerular filtration', 'renal clearance']), ('Micturition/Cystometrogram', ['micturition', 'cystometrogram', 'urinary bladder', 'bladder.*reflex']), ('Menstrual Cycle/Reproductive', ['menstrual cycle', 'ovarian cycle', 'uterine changes', 'hormonal changes.*uterine']), ('Spermatogenesis', ['spermatogenesis', 'stages.*spermatogenesis']), ('ADH & Posterior Pituitary', ['adh', 'vasopressin', 'posterior pituitary', 'diabetes insipidus']), ('Thyroid Hormones', ['thyroid', 't3', 't4', 'hypothyroid', 'thyrotoxicosis']), ('Cushing\'s/Adrenal', ["cushing", 'adrenal cortex', 'cortisol']), ('Synaptic Transmission', ['synapse', 'synaptic transmission', 'neuromuscular', 'transmission.*impulse']), ('Vision Pathways', ['light reflex', 'visual pathway', 'colour vision', 'argyll', 'refraction.*eye', 'loss of vision']), ('Homeostasis & Feedback', ['homeostasis', 'feedback mechanism', 'negative feedback']), ('Intercellular Junctions', ['intercellular junction', 'tight junction', 'gap junction']), ('Immunity (Physiology)', ['immunity', 'cmi', 'humoral immunity', 'cell mediated']), ('Coronary Circulation', ['coronary circulation', 'factors affecting coronary']), ('Secretion of HCl', ['hcl', 'gastric acid', 'hydrochloric acid']), ] ana_topic_list = [ ('Floor of Fourth Ventricle', ['fourth ventricle', 'floor.*fourth', 'rhomboid fossa']), ('Midbrain (Anatomy)', ['midbrain', 'transverse section.*mid brain', 'mid brain']), ('Cerebellum (Anatomy)', ['cerebellum', 'cerebellar']), ('Brain/Cerebral Cortex', ['cerebral cortex', 'corpus callosum', 'brain.*anatomy', 'cranial nerves.*nucleus']), ('Spinal Cord', ['spinal cord', 'spinal.*tract']), ('Thyroid Gland', ['thyroid gland', 'thyroid.*anatomy']), ('Parotid Gland', ['parotid']), ('Tongue', ['tongue.*anatomy', 'tongue.*development', 'development.*tongue']), ('Palatine Tonsil', ['palatine tonsil', 'tonsil.*anatomy']), ('Hip Joint', ['hip joint']), ('Knee Joint', ['knee joint']), ('Ulnar Nerve', ['ulnar nerve']), ('Brachial Plexus', ['brachial plexus']), ('Femoral Triangle', ['femoral triangle', 'femoral hernia', 'hesselbach']), ('Arches of Foot', ['arches of foot', 'arch.*foot']), ('Histology Liver', ['microanatomy of liver', 'histology.*liver', 'liver.*histology']), ('Histology Kidney', ['microanatomy.*kidney', 'histology.*kidney', 'kidney.*histology']), ('Histology Cartilage/Bone', ['hyaline cartilage', 'bone.*histology', 'histology.*bone', 'osteon', 'metaphysis', 'haversian']), ('Histology Testis', ['histology.*testis', 'testis.*histology', 'microanatomy.*testis']), ('Histology Retina', ['histology.*retina', 'retina.*histology', 'retina']), ('Embryology Face/Palate', ['development.*face', 'development.*palate', 'cleft lip', 'palate.*development']), ('Embryology Turner/Karyotyping', ['turner', 'karyotyping', 'chromosom']), ('Embryology Pancreas', ['development.*pancreas', 'pancreas.*development']), ('Embryology VSD/Heart', ['ventricular septal', 'vsd', 'cardiac.*development', 'heart.*development']), ('Thoracic Duct', ['thoracic duct']), ('Bronchopulmonary Segments', ['bronchopulmonary', 'bronchopulmonary segment']), ('Pericardium', ['pericardium', 'pericardial']), ('Inguinal Canal', ['inguinal canal', 'hesselbach', 'inguinal']), ('Gluteal Muscles', ['gluteal', 'gluteus']), ('Posterior Mediastinum', ['posterior mediastinum', 'mediastinum.*content']), ('Trachea', ['trachea']), ('Mammary Gland', ['mammary gland', 'breast']), ('Cadaver/Attitude (AETCom)', ['cadaver', 'attitude', 'responsibility.*medical', 'physician.*role']), ] bio_counts, bio_examples = get_topic_repeats([q for q in all_q_with_year if q['subject']=='BIOCHEMISTRY'], bio_topic_list) physio_counts, physio_examples = get_topic_repeats([q for q in all_q_with_year if q['subject']=='PHYSIOLOGY'], physio_topic_list) ana_counts, ana_examples = get_topic_repeats([q for q in all_q_with_year if q['subject']=='ANATOMY'], ana_topic_list) print("\n" + "="*70) print("BIOCHEMISTRY: MOST REPEATED TOPICS (2021-2024)") print("="*70) for topic, count in bio_counts.most_common(): stars = "★" * min(count, 5) print(f" [{count:2d}x] {stars:6s} {topic}") for ex in bio_examples[topic][:2]: print(f" └─ {ex}") print("\n" + "="*70) print("PHYSIOLOGY: MOST REPEATED TOPICS (2021-2024)") print("="*70) for topic, count in physio_counts.most_common(): stars = "★" * min(count, 5) print(f" [{count:2d}x] {stars:6s} {topic}") print("\n" + "="*70) print("ANATOMY: MOST REPEATED TOPICS (2021-2024)") print("="*70) for topic, count in ana_counts.most_common(): stars = "★" * min(count, 5) print(f" [{count:2d}x] {stars:6s} {topic}") EOF

mkdir -p /tmp/workspace/knruhs-2026-predictions && ls /tmp/workspace/

mkdir -p /tmp/workspace/knruhs-2026-predictions && python3 << 'PYEOF' from docx import Document from docx.shared import Pt, Inches, RGBColor from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH from docx.oxml.ns import qn from docx.oxml import OxmlElement import copy doc = Document() # ── Page margins ────────────────────────────────────────────── from docx.shared import Inches section = doc.sections[0] section.top_margin = Inches(0.8) section.bottom_margin = Inches(0.8) section.left_margin = Inches(1.0) section.right_margin = Inches(1.0) # ── Default font ────────────────────────────────────────────── normal = doc.styles['Normal'] normal.font.name = 'Arial' normal.font.size = Pt(11) # ── Helper: colored heading ─────────────────────────────────── def add_title(doc, text, color_hex='1F3864'): p = doc.add_heading(text, level=1) for run in p.runs: run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor.from_string(color_hex) run.font.bold = True run.font.size = Pt(16) return p def add_subject_heading(doc, text, color_hex='C00000'): p = doc.add_heading(text, level=2) for run in p.runs: run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor.from_string(color_hex) run.font.bold = True run.font.size = Pt(14) return p def add_section(doc, text, color_hex='1F5C99'): p = doc.add_heading(text, level=3) for run in p.runs: run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor.from_string(color_hex) run.font.size = Pt(12) run.font.bold = True return p def add_q(doc, num, text, tag='', marks=''): para = doc.add_paragraph() para.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(2) para.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(2) para.paragraph_format.left_indent = Inches(0.2) # Number r1 = para.add_run(f"Q{num}. ") r1.bold = True r1.font.color.rgb = RGBColor.from_string('1F3864') # Question text r2 = para.add_run(text) r2.font.size = Pt(11) # Tag if tag: r3 = para.add_run(f" [{tag}]") r3.font.size = Pt(9) r3.font.color.rgb = RGBColor.from_string('7F7F7F') if marks: r4 = para.add_run(f" ({marks})") r4.font.size = Pt(9) r4.bold = True r4.font.color.rgb = RGBColor.from_string('C00000') def add_note(doc, text, color='FF8C00'): p = doc.add_paragraph() p.paragraph_format.left_indent = Inches(0.3) p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(1) p.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(3) r = p.add_run(f"★ {text}") r.font.size = Pt(9) r.italic = True r.font.color.rgb = RGBColor.from_string(color) def add_divider(doc): p = doc.add_paragraph('─' * 90) p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(2) p.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(2) for run in p.runs: run.font.size = Pt(8) run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor.from_string('AAAAAA') # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # COVER PAGE # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ p = doc.add_paragraph() p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER r = p.add_run('\n\n') p = doc.add_paragraph() p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER r = p.add_run('KNRUHS MBBS 1st Year') r.font.size = Pt(20) r.bold = True r.font.color.rgb = RGBColor.from_string('1F3864') p = doc.add_paragraph() p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER r = p.add_run('2026 EXAM — PREDICTED QUESTION BANK') r.font.size = Pt(17) r.bold = True r.font.color.rgb = RGBColor.from_string('C00000') p = doc.add_paragraph() p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER r = p.add_run('Anatomy | Physiology | Biochemistry') r.font.size = Pt(13) r.font.color.rgb = RGBColor.from_string('1F5C99') doc.add_paragraph() p = doc.add_paragraph() p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER r = p.add_run('Target: Score 80–90% | Exam Date: August 12, 2026') r.font.size = Pt(11) r.italic = True p = doc.add_paragraph() p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER r = p.add_run('Based on KNRUHS Pattern Analysis (2021–2024) | 987 Questions Analyzed') r.font.size = Pt(10) r.font.color.rgb = RGBColor.from_string('7F7F7F') doc.add_paragraph() p = doc.add_paragraph() p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER r = p.add_run('🔴 = MUST DO (3+ repeats) 🟠 = HIGH PRIORITY (2 repeats) 🟡 = PREDICTED NEW') r.font.size = Pt(10) r.bold = True doc.add_page_break() # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # SECTION 1 — HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ add_title(doc, '📋 HOW TO USE THIS QUESTION BANK', '1F3864') doc.add_paragraph( 'This document is built from examiner-level analysis of 987 real KNRUHS questions ' '(2021–2024). Every question is tagged with its prediction confidence, marks value, ' 'and how many times a similar question appeared in previous papers. ' 'Focus your 9 days ONLY on 🔴 and 🟠 topics — they cover 70–80% of exam marks.' ) doc.add_paragraph( 'Paper Format Reminder: 2 LAQs (15 marks each) + 8 SAQs (5 marks each) + ' '10 VSAQs (3 marks each) = 100 marks per paper. ' 'You have 6 papers total: Biochemistry I & II, Anatomy I & II, Physiology I & II.' ) add_note(doc, 'Write a one-line definition + headings + diagram in EVERY answer. Diagrams alone earn 1–2 bonus marks.') add_note(doc, 'Clinical case LAQs: Always write a table of abnormal values before answering sub-parts.') add_note(doc, 'AETCom questions are FREE MARKS — prepare a 200-word template and memorize it.') doc.add_page_break() # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # SECTION 2 — BIOCHEMISTRY # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ add_subject_heading(doc, '🧪 BIOCHEMISTRY — PREDICTED QUESTIONS 2026', 'C00000') doc.add_paragraph( 'Papers: Biochemistry Paper I (metabolism, bioenergetics, proteins) & ' 'Paper II (molecular biology, clinical biochemistry, nutrition). ' 'Pattern: 1 clinical case LAQ is guaranteed every exam since 2022.' ) # ── BIOCHEM LAQs ────────────────────────────────────────────── add_section(doc, 'LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS — LAQ (15 Marks Each)', '1F5C99') add_note(doc, 'Only 2 LAQs per paper. These are the highest-value questions. Master all topics below.', 'C00000') laq_bio = [ ("Urea Cycle & Hyperammonemia", "Describe the Urea Cycle in detail with a neat labeled diagram. Add a note on disorders of the urea cycle. " "Why is hyperammonemia toxic to the brain? Mention the clinical features and biochemical basis of Ornithine Transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency.", "🔴 MUST DO — Absent from 2024 LAQs, repeated 2021–2023", "Enzymes of each step, ATP cost, N sources"), ("Clinical Case: Gout / Purine Metabolism", "A 45-year-old obese male presents with acute pain, redness and swelling of the big toe joint. " "Serum uric acid = 9.8 mg/dL. (i) What is your diagnosis? (ii) Describe purine metabolism and the " "role of xanthine oxidase. (iii) What is Lesch-Nyhan syndrome — enzymatic defect and clinical features? " "(iv) How does allopurinol work? (v) Outline dietary management.", "🔴 MUST DO — Gout appeared as SAQ in Nov 2024, very likely promoted to LAQ in 2026", "Purine salvage pathway diagram"), ("Enzymes: Classification, Inhibition & Isoenzymes", "What are enzymes? Describe their classification with examples. Explain competitive and non-competitive " "enzyme inhibition with graphs and examples. Discuss the clinical importance of isoenzymes of " "Creatine Kinase (CK) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in myocardial infarction.", "🔴 MUST DO — Asked 5x across 2021–2024", "Michaelis-Menten curve, Lineweaver-Burk plot"), ("Clinical Case: Acid-Base Disorder", "A 70-year-old woman with congestive cardiac failure presents with: pH 7.58, HCO3 19 mmol/L, " "pCO2 21 mmHg, pO2 154 mmHg. (i) Identify the acid-base abnormality. (ii) Describe the buffer " "systems in blood (bicarbonate, phosphate, protein). (iii) Explain compensatory mechanisms. " "(iv) Role of kidneys and lungs in acid-base balance.", "🔴 MUST DO — Direct repeat of 2021 paper (rotates back)", "Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, anion gap"), ("ETC and Oxidative Phosphorylation", "Describe the components of the Electron Transport Chain with a neat labeled diagram. " "Mention the sites of ATP synthesis. Add a detailed note on inhibitors of ETC and " "uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. Calculate the total ATP yield from one molecule of glucose.", "🔴 MUST DO — Asked 5x, appeared in Aug and Nov 2024", "ETC diagram with Complex I–IV"), ("DNA Structure, Replication & Mutations", "Describe the structure of DNA (Watson-Crick model). Explain the mechanism of DNA replication " "(semi-conservative). Describe the different types of mutations with examples. " "Add a note on the consequences of mutations in disease.", "🔴 MUST DO — DNA/Mutations asked 8x — highest frequency in Biochemistry", "Okazaki fragments, leading/lagging strand"), ("Protein Structure & Collagen", "Describe the structural organization of proteins (primary to quaternary) and mention the bonds " "involved at each level. Explain the triple helical structure of collagen. " "Describe the biochemical basis of scurvy and osteogenesis imperfecta.", "🔴 MUST DO — Asked 5x, appeared in 2024", "Triple helix diagram, Gly-X-Y repeat"), ("HMP Shunt Pathway", "Describe the HMP (Hexose Monophosphate) Shunt pathway with reactions and enzymes. " "Explain its significance. Add a note on G6PD deficiency — enzyme defect, precipitating factors, " "clinical features and lab findings.", "🔴 MUST DO — Both HMP and G6PD asked repeatedly, appeared in Aug 2024", "HMP pathway diagram"), ("Vitamins A and D", "Write the RDA, dietary sources, biochemical functions and deficiency manifestations of Vitamin A. " "Describe Wald's visual cycle in detail. Also describe Vitamin D — synthesis, activation, functions, " "and deficiency (rickets/osteomalacia).", "🟠 HIGH — Vitamins asked 3x, Wald's visual cycle specifically asked in 2024", "Visual cycle diagram"), ("Protein Energy Malnutrition", "Define Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM). Describe the types (Kwashiorkor and Marasmus) with " "their clinical features, biochemical changes, and management. " "Add a note on assessment of nutritional status.", "🟠 HIGH — PEM appeared twice in 2024 papers", "Comparison table Kwashiorkor vs Marasmus"), ] for i, (topic, question, tag, tip) in enumerate(laq_bio, 1): add_q(doc, i, question, tag, '15 marks') add_note(doc, f'Topic: {topic} | Exam tip: {tip}', 'FF6600') doc.add_paragraph() add_divider(doc) # ── BIOCHEM SAQs ────────────────────────────────────────────── add_section(doc, 'SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS — SAQ (5 Marks Each)', '1F5C99') add_note(doc, '8 SAQs per paper. Write 4–6 bullet points + 1 diagram. Target: 4/5 per SAQ.', 'C00000') saq_bio = [ ("Explain the TCA (Krebs) cycle. Mention the enzymes, substrates and significance. " "Add a note on anaplerotic reactions.", "🔴 Asked 3x", "Name all 8 enzymes"), ("Describe glycogen metabolism — glycogenolysis and glycogen synthesis. " "Mention the key enzymes and their regulation. Add a note on Von Gierke's disease.", "🔴 Asked 3x", "Phosphorylase enzyme"), ("Describe Gluconeogenesis — substrates, key enzymes bypassing glycolysis, and regulation. " "Add a note on its clinical significance during starvation.", "🔴 Asked 2x + LAQ 2024", "Glucose-6-phosphatase"), ("Describe beta oxidation of palmitic acid (16C). Calculate ATP yield. " "Add a note on carnitine shuttle pathway.", "🔴 Carnitine/beta oxidation = 3x", "Acyl-CoA activation step"), ("Describe the formation and fate of ketone bodies. Add a note on ketosis and ketonuria.", "🟠 Asked 2x", "3-hydroxybutyrate structure"), ("Phenylketonuria — enzyme defect, biochemical changes, clinical features, Guthrie test. " "Differentiate classic PKU from variant PKU.", "🔴 Asked 3x", "Phenylalanine hydroxylase"), ("Describe the metabolism of tyrosine. Mention the disorders: Alkaptonuria and Albinism " "with their enzyme defects and clinical features.", "🔴 Asked 3x", "Homogentisate oxidase"), ("Tryptophan metabolism — describe the pathway leading to serotonin, niacin, and melatonin. " "Add a note on Hartnup's disease and carcinoid syndrome.", "🟠 Asked 2x", "Kynurenine pathway"), ("Describe porphyrin synthesis and the types of porphyria. " "Mention the enzyme defects in Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP) and Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria.", "🔴 Asked 4x", "ALA synthase — rate-limiting step"), ("Describe the structure and properties of different immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD). " "Add a note on hypersensitivity reactions (Type I–IV).", "🔴 Asked 4x", "Fc and Fab fragments"), ("One Carbon Metabolism — describe the role of tetrahydrofolate (THF), SAM, and " "methionine cycle. Clinical significance in megaloblastic anaemia.", "🔴 Asked 6x — HIGHEST", "N5-methyl THF trap"), ("Describe the principle and applications of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). " "Mention its uses in clinical diagnosis.", "🔴 Asked 3x including 2024", "Taq polymerase, denaturation temperature"), ("ELISA — Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Describe the principle, types (direct/indirect/sandwich) " "and clinical applications.", "🔴 Asked 2024 LAQ", "Substrate → color change"), ("Describe the principle of electrophoresis. Mention the clinical applications of " "serum protein electrophoresis and hemoglobin electrophoresis.", "🔴 Asked 5x", "M-band in myeloma"), ("Describe the structure of cholesterol. Explain its functions and the " "regulation of cholesterol synthesis (HMG-CoA reductase).", "🔴 Asked 4x", "Feedback inhibition by statins"), ("Classify lipoproteins and describe their functions. Add a note on the " "role of LDL and HDL in atherosclerosis.", "🔴 Asked 4x", "Apoprotein B-100"), ("Enumerate the different renal function tests. Describe the clearance concept and " "calculate GFR using inulin clearance.", "🔴 Asked 3x", "Creatinine clearance formula"), ("Describe bilirubin metabolism — production, transport, conjugation, excretion. " "Classify jaundice (pre-hepatic, hepatic, post-hepatic) with causes and lab findings.", "🔴 Asked 4x", "Direct vs indirect bilirubin table"), ("Describe DNA repair mechanisms — base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, " "mismatch repair. Mention diseases caused by defective DNA repair.", "🔴 Asked 8x total", "Xeroderma pigmentosum"), ("Describe transcription in eukaryotes. Mention the RNA polymerases and " "inhibitors of transcription (actinomycin D, rifampicin).", "🔴 Asked 5x", "RNA Pol I, II, III functions"), ("Describe translation (protein synthesis). Mention the stages — initiation, elongation, " "termination. Add a note on inhibitors of translation.", "🟠 Asked 2x", "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase"), ("Describe active and passive transport mechanisms across cell membranes. " "Give two clinical examples where drugs act on transporters.", "🟠 Asked 2024 LAQ", "Na/K ATPase, SGLT inhibitors"), ("Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) — sources, biochemical role (as TPP), deficiency manifestations. " "Explain Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.", "🟠 Asked 3x", "TPP in PDH and alpha-ketoglutarate complex"), ("Describe the metabolism of methionine. Explain transmethylation reactions and the role of SAM. " "Add a note on homocystinuria.", "🟠 Asked 3x", "SAM → SAH → Homocysteine"), ("Describe the Urea cycle enzymes. What are the sources of nitrogen entering the cycle? " "Add a note on the clinical importance of BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen).", "🟠 Asked 2x", "Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase"), ] for i, (question, tag, tip) in enumerate(saq_bio, 1): add_q(doc, i, question, tag, '5 marks') add_note(doc, f'Exam tip: {tip}', 'FF8C00') add_divider(doc) # ── BIOCHEM VSAQs ───────────────────────────────────────────── add_section(doc, 'VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS — VSAQ (3 Marks Each)', '1F5C99') add_note(doc, '10 VSAQs per paper. Write exactly 3 crisp points. Time limit: 5 min per VSAQ.', 'C00000') vsaq_bio = [ "Km value and its significance", "Competitive vs Non-competitive inhibition (differences)", "Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) — significance", "Oxidative stress and free radicals", "Carnitine shuttle pathway — importance", "2,3-BPG (Bisphosphoglycerate) — significance (Rapoport-Luebering shunt)", "Glycosaminoglycans / Mucopolysaccharides — types and functions", "Essential fatty acids — types and deficiency", "L/S ratio and Respiratory Distress Syndrome", "Tumor markers — examples and clinical use (AFP, PSA, CEA, CA-125)", "Plasma osmolality — definition and clinical importance", "Anion gap — formula and clinical significance", "Zwitterion / Isoelectric pH", "Denaturation of proteins — agents and effects", "Von Gierke's disease — enzyme defect", "G6PD deficiency — mechanism and precipitating factors", "Glycolytic enzymes that are rate-limiting (phosphofructokinase-1)", "Cori cycle and its significance", "Enterokinase (Enteropeptidase) — role in protein digestion", "Amphibolic nature of TCA cycle", "Inhibitors of ETC — sites of action (rotenone, antimycin A, cyanide)", "Northern / Southern / Western blotting — differences", "Restriction endonucleases — definition and use", "Watson-Crick model of DNA", "Significance of HMP shunt in RBCs", "Biological value of proteins", "Metabolic acidosis — causes and compensation", "Plasma proteins — types and functions (albumin:globulin ratio)", "Therapeutic enzymes — examples (streptokinase, asparaginase)", "Benedict's test — principle", ] for i, q in enumerate(vsaq_bio, 1): add_q(doc, i, q, '🔴' if i <= 15 else '🟠', '3 marks') doc.add_page_break() # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # SECTION 3 — PHYSIOLOGY # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ add_subject_heading(doc, '❤️ PHYSIOLOGY — PREDICTED QUESTIONS 2026', 'C00000') doc.add_paragraph( 'Papers: Physiology Paper I (general, CVS, blood, respiratory) & ' 'Paper II (renal, GI, endocrine, reproductive, special senses, neurophysiology). ' 'Clinical cases are mandatory in Paper II from 2023 onwards.' ) add_section(doc, 'LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS — LAQ (15 Marks Each)', '1F5C99') add_note(doc, 'Target: Write sub-headings, draw diagrams, and explain clinical correlations for full marks.', 'C00000') laq_physio = [ ("Erythropoiesis", "Define erythropoiesis. Describe the stages in erythropoiesis with a neat labeled diagram. " "Mention the factors affecting erythropoiesis (nutritional, hormonal, hypoxia). " "Add a note on the differences between megaloblastic and iron-deficiency anaemia.", "🔴 MUST DO — 4-star TM QBank, absent from 2024 LAQs, predicted to return", "Normoblast → reticulocyte stages"), ("Cardiac Output", "Define cardiac output. Describe the factors affecting cardiac output in detail " "(preload, afterload, heart rate, contractility). Mention the methods to measure cardiac output " "(Fick's principle, dye dilution, thermodilution). Add a note on cardiac reserve.", "🔴 MUST DO — 5-star TM QBank, asked 2019–2022, due for 2026", "Starling's law graph"), ("Blood Pressure Regulation", "Define blood pressure. Describe the short-term (neural — baroreceptor reflex, chemoreceptor reflex), " "intermediate-term (RAAS, stress relaxation) and long-term (renal body fluid) mechanisms of " "blood pressure regulation. Add a note on hypertension.", "🔴 MUST DO — 5-star TM QBank, last asked 2021", "Baroreceptor reflex arc diagram"), ("Regulation of Respiration", "Describe the neural (medullary and pontine respiratory centres) and chemical regulation of " "respiration (role of CO2, O2, and H+). Add a note on periodic breathing patterns " "(Cheyne-Stokes, Kussmaul, Biot's). Mention the Hering-Breuer reflex.", "🔴 MUST DO — Asked 2x + TM 5-star", "Respiratory centre diagram"), ("Uterine/Ovarian/Hormonal Changes During Menstrual Cycle", "Describe the endometrial (uterine), ovarian, and hormonal changes occurring during the different phases " "of the menstrual cycle. Add a note on the tests for ovulation. " "Describe the role of FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone.", "🔴 MUST DO — Asked as LAQ in Nov 2024, may return in Paper II", "Hormonal graph across 28 days"), ("Clinical Case: Thyroid Disorder", "A 48-year-old female presents with weakness, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation and " "bradycardia. TSH = 12 mIU/L, T4 = low. (i) What is the diagnosis? " "(ii) Describe the synthesis, secretion and actions of thyroid hormones. " "(iii) Regulation of thyroid function (HPT axis). (iv) Differences between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.", "🔴 MUST DO — Exact case appeared Nov 2024, thyroid asked 3x", "T3/T4 synthesis steps"), ("Conducting System of Heart & Action Potential", "Describe the conducting system of the heart with a neat labeled diagram. " "Explain the cardiac action potential (pacemaker vs ventricular action potential). " "Add a note on heart blocks (1st, 2nd, 3rd degree) and their ECG features.", "🟠 HIGH — Last asked 2022, TM 5-star", "SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibres"), ("Blood Coagulation & Bleeding Disorders", "Describe the physiology of blood clotting (intrinsic and extrinsic pathways) with a diagram. " "Add a note on the fibrinolytic system. Describe the bleeding disorders: haemophilia A vs B " "and vitamin K deficiency.", "🟠 HIGH — TM 5-star, asked 2x", "Coagulation cascade diagram"), ("Spermatogenesis", "Describe the stages of spermatogenesis with a neat diagram. Explain the role of FSH, LH, " "and testosterone in spermatogenesis. Add a note on azoospermia and infertility workup.", "🟠 HIGH — Asked as LAQ Nov 2024, spermatogenesis + hormonal control", "Spermatogonia → spermatozoa stages"), ("Cushing's Syndrome", "Describe the causes and manifestations of Cushing's syndrome. " "Explain the physiology of cortisol secretion and the HPA axis. " "How is Cushing's syndrome investigated? Add a note on the differences from Cushing's disease.", "🟠 HIGH — Appeared as LAQ in 2024, likely in Paper II 2026", "ACTH-dependent vs independent causes"), ] for i, (topic, question, tag, tip) in enumerate(laq_physio, 1): add_q(doc, i, question, tag, '15 marks') add_note(doc, f'Topic: {topic} | Exam tip: {tip}', 'FF6600') doc.add_paragraph() add_divider(doc) add_section(doc, 'SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS — SAQ (5 Marks Each)', '1F5C99') saq_physio = [ ("Blood groups (ABO and Rh). Describe Landsteiner's law. Add a note on erythroblastosis foetalis " "and its prevention.", "🔴 Asked 4x", "Rhesus incompatibility → anti-D immunoglobulin"), ("Describe major and minor cross matching. Mention the immediate and delayed complications " "of blood transfusion.", "🔴 Asked 2024 LAQ", "ABO incompatibility → acute haemolysis"), ("Draw and explain the Cystometrogram. Describe the micturition reflex. " "Add a note on automatic and atonic bladder.", "🔴 Asked 3x", "First desire at ~150 mL, voiding at ~300 mL"), ("Describe the countercurrent mechanism of urine concentration. " "Explain the role of the loop of Henle and collecting duct.", "🔴 Asked 3x", "Countercurrent multiplier vs exchanger"), ("Describe the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS). " "Explain its role in blood pressure and sodium balance.", "🔴 Asked 3x", "ACE inhibitors block Ang I → Ang II"), ("Describe the mechanism of action and physiological effects of ADH (Vasopressin). " "Add a note on diabetes insipidus.", "🔴 Asked 2x", "V1 vs V2 receptors"), ("Baroreceptor reflex — describe the receptors, afferents, centres and efferents. " "What happens when a person stands up suddenly?", "🔴 Asked 3x", "Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves"), ("Oxygen dissociation curve — describe its shape and the factors that shift it " "right (Bohr effect) or left. Mention P50.", "🔴 Asked 2x + TM 5-star", "2,3-BPG, temperature, CO2, pH"), ("CO2 transport in blood — dissolved, bicarbonate, carbamino haemoglobin. " "Explain Hamburger's (Chloride shift) phenomenon.", "🔴 Asked 3x", "70% as bicarbonate"), ("Describe the Fibrinolytic system. Explain the role of plasminogen activators. " "Add a note on thrombolytic drugs (streptokinase, tPA).", "🟠 Asked 2x + TM 5-star", "Plasminogen → plasmin"), ("Pulmonary function tests — classify static and dynamic lung volumes and capacities. " "Explain FEV1/FVC ratio in obstructive vs restrictive lung disease.", "🔴 Asked 3x", "Normal FEV1/FVC > 70%"), ("Factors regulating coronary circulation. Describe autoregulation of coronary blood flow. " "Add a note on myocardial infarction.", "🔴 Asked 2x", "Local metabolic factors predominate"), ("Define GFR. Describe the factors influencing glomerular filtration. " "Mention the methods to measure GFR (inulin, creatinine clearance).", "🔴 Asked 2x + TM 5-star", "Normal GFR = 125 mL/min"), ("Describe the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA). Explain tubuloglomerular feedback " "and its significance.", "🔴 Asked 3x", "Macula densa detects NaCl concentration"), ("Explain direct and indirect light reflexes with their complete pathways. " "What is Argyll Robertson pupil?", "🔴 Asked 2024 LAQ", "Optic nerve → pretectal nucleus → EWN → ciliary ganglion"), ("Describe the phases of the cardiac cycle with a pressure-volume (P-V) loop. " "Explain isovolumetric contraction and relaxation.", "🟠 Asked 2x + TM 5-star", "P-V loop changes in aortic stenosis"), ("Describe the physiological changes during pregnancy. " "Mention changes in blood volume, cardiac output, respiratory system, and renal function.", "🟠 Asked 2x", "Plasma volume ↑ 40–50%"), ("Secretion of HCl in the stomach — describe the cellular mechanism. " "Mention the phases of gastric secretion and drugs that inhibit HCl.", "🟠 Asked 2024 LAQ", "H/K ATPase proton pump"), ("Classify sensory receptors with examples. Describe the properties of receptors " "(adaptation, generator potential).", "🟠 Asked 2024 LAQ", "Rapidly vs slowly adapting receptors"), ("Describe the structure and function of the thalamus. " "Mention the thalamic nuclei and their connections.", "🟠 Asked 2024 LAQ", "Specific relay nuclei vs non-specific"), ("Describe acclimatization to high altitude. " "Mention the respiratory, cardiovascular, and haematological changes.", "🟠 TM 5-star", "EPO increase → polycythaemia"), ("Classify immunity and briefly explain Cell-Mediated Immunity (CMI). " "Mention the role of T-lymphocytes and cytokines.", "🟠 Asked 2024 LAQ", "CD4/CD8 cells, IL-2"), ("Describe Homeostasis and the feedback mechanisms (negative and positive feedback) " "with examples.", "🔴 Asked 3x", "Blood glucose regulation as example"), ("Define synapse. Describe the types of synapses and properties of synaptic transmission. " "Add a note on neuromuscular junction.", "🔴 Asked 3x", "Excitatory vs inhibitory post-synaptic potentials"), ("Venous return and the factors affecting it. " "Explain the importance of venous reservoirs and muscle pump.", "🟠 TM 5-star", "Skeletal muscle pump, thoracic pump"), ] for i, (question, tag, tip) in enumerate(saq_physio, 1): add_q(doc, i, question, tag, '5 marks') add_note(doc, f'Exam tip: {tip}', 'FF8C00') add_divider(doc) add_section(doc, 'VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS — VSAQ (3 Marks Each)', '1F5C99') vsaq_physio = [ "Landsteiner's law", "Frank-Starling law of the heart", "AV nodal delay — mechanism and significance", "PR interval — normal value and significance", "ST segment — elevation and depression significance", "Windkessel vessels — definition and function", "Fick's principle — formula and use", "Dead space (anatomical vs physiological)", "Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) — significance", "Bohr's effect", "Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium", "Transport maximum (Tm) for glucose — normal value", "Renal splay", "Obligatory vs facultative reabsorption of water", "Automatic vs atonic bladder — differences", "Filtration fraction — formula and normal value", "ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) — normal values and causes of increase", "RBC indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) — significance", "Platelet functions", "Reticulocyte count — significance", "Graded potential vs action potential", "All-or-None law", "Refractory period — absolute vs relative", "SCUBA diving physiology", "Caisson's disease (decompression sickness)", "Nitrogen narcosis", "Physiological basis of fever", "Brown-Séquard syndrome", "Differentiate UMN vs LMN lesion", "Korotkoff sounds — phases", ] for i, q in enumerate(vsaq_physio, 1): add_q(doc, i, q, '🔴' if i <= 15 else '🟠', '3 marks') doc.add_page_break() # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # SECTION 4 — ANATOMY # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ add_subject_heading(doc, '🦴 ANATOMY — PREDICTED QUESTIONS 2026', 'C00000') doc.add_paragraph( 'Papers: Anatomy Paper I (gross anatomy — upper limb, thorax, abdomen, head & neck) & ' 'Paper II (lower limb, neuroanatomy, embryology, histology). ' 'AETCom questions are guaranteed — prepare a template answer.' ) add_section(doc, 'LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS — LAQ (15 Marks Each)', '1F5C99') add_note(doc, 'Diagrams are MANDATORY in Anatomy LAQs. Neat, labeled diagrams earn 3–5 marks.', 'C00000') laq_ana = [ ("Brachial Plexus", "Describe the brachial plexus under the following headings: " "(i) Roots, trunks, divisions, cords and terminal branches with formation, " "(ii) Relations in the axilla, " "(iii) Applied anatomy — injuries at different levels (Erb's palsy, Klumpke's palsy, " "wrist drop, claw hand, Saturday night palsy). Add a neat labeled diagram.", "🔴 MUST DO — TM 5-star (16x, 17x, 19x, AP21), absent from 2024 LAQs", "Draw the complete plexus diagram"), ("Thyroid Gland", "Describe the thyroid gland under the following headings: " "(i) Position and extent, (ii) External features and lobes, " "(iii) Capsule and false capsule, (iv) Relations (anterior, posterior, lateral), " "(v) Blood supply — arteries and veins, (vi) Nerve supply and lymphatic drainage, " "(vii) Applied anatomy (thyroidectomy hazards, Berry's ligament, recurrent laryngeal nerve).", "🔴 MUST DO — Asked 6x across all years, TM 5-star", "Thyroid relations diagram"), ("Knee Joint", "Describe the knee joint under the following headings: " "(i) Type and articular surfaces, (ii) Ligaments (capsular, extracapsular, intracapsular), " "(iii) Bursae related to knee, (iv) Menisci — structure and function, " "(v) Blood supply and nerve supply, (vi) Movements and muscles producing them, " "(vii) Applied anatomy (MCL/ACL tears, housemaid's knee, locked knee). Draw a labeled diagram.", "🔴 MUST DO — TM 5-star (16x, 18x, AP20), alternates with Hip Joint", "Cruciate ligaments diagram"), ("Blood Supply of Heart", "Describe the blood supply of the heart in detail: " "(i) Arterial supply — right and left coronary arteries with branches and areas supplied, " "(ii) Venous drainage — coronary sinus and its tributaries, " "(iii) Dominance of coronary circulation, " "(iv) Applied anatomy — sites of coronary artery occlusion and resulting infarcts.", "🔴 MUST DO — TM 5-star (19, AP21, API23), not in 2024 LAQs", "Coronary arteries diagram"), ("Floor of Fourth Ventricle", "Describe the floor of the fourth ventricle (Rhomboid fossa) under the following headings: " "(i) Boundaries and subdivisions (pontine and medullary), " "(ii) Sulcus limitans and its divisions, " "(iii) Surface features — facial colliculus, vestibular area, striae medullares, obex, " "(iv) Cranial nerve nuclei present in the floor with their locations. " "Draw a neat, fully labeled diagram of the floor of the 4th ventricle.", "🔴 MUST DO — Asked 5x, appeared in 2024 both sittings", "All 12 nuclei positions"), ("Midbrain — Transverse Section", "Draw a neat labeled diagram of the transverse section of the midbrain at the level of " "the superior colliculus. Describe: " "(i) Components at this level (tectum, tegmentum, crus cerebri), " "(ii) Nuclei present (III nerve nucleus, EWN, Red nucleus, substantia nigra), " "(iii) Tracts passing through (corticospinal, spinothalamic, medial lemniscus), " "(iv) Applied anatomy — Weber's syndrome and Benedikt's syndrome.", "🔴 MUST DO — Asked 4x including 2024 twice", "Draw at superior colliculus level specifically"), ("Mammary Gland", "Describe the mammary gland under the following headings: " "(i) Extent and situation, (ii) Structure — lobes, lobules, ducts, " "(iii) Deep relations (pectoralis major, Cooper's ligaments), " "(iv) Blood supply and nerve supply, " "(v) Lymphatic drainage (axillary — 5 groups, internal mammary, supraclavicular), " "(vi) Applied anatomy — peau d'orange, carcinoma spread, mastectomy.", "🔴 MUST DO — Asked 4x, TM 5-star (AP20, API20, TS21, AP22)", "Lymph node groups diagram"), ("Hip Joint", "Describe the hip joint under the following headings: " "(i) Type and articular surfaces, (ii) Fibrous capsule, (iii) Ligaments (iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral, ligamentum teres), " "(iv) Blood supply of femoral head (importance), (v) Nerve supply, " "(vi) Movements and muscles, (vii) Applied anatomy — dislocation, fracture neck of femur, total hip replacement.", "🟠 HIGH — Asked 2x including 2024, TM 5-star", "Ligaments diagram"), ("Cerebellum", "Describe the cerebellum under the following headings: " "(i) External features — lobes and fissures, (ii) Internal features — cortex and white matter, " "(iii) Cerebellar nuclei (dentate, emboliform, globose, fastigial), " "(iv) Cerebellar peduncles — connections, " "(v) Functions of cerebellum, " "(vi) Applied anatomy — cerebellar lesion features (DANISH mnemonic).", "🔴 MUST DO — Asked 5x, appeared 2024", "Cerebellar lobes diagram"), ("Histology of Bone / Haversian System", "Draw a neat labeled diagram of compact bone (cross-section). Describe: " "(i) Haversian system — canal, lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi, " "(ii) Interstitial and circumferential lamellae, " "(iii) Volkmann's canals and their connections, " "(iv) Periosteum and endosteum, " "(v) Differences between compact and cancellous bone. " "Also describe the histology and functions of cartilage (hyaline, fibro, elastic).", "🔴 MUST DO — Asked 5x, histology diagrams always asked", "Haversian system cross-section diagram"), ("AETCom Question (GUARANTEED)", "Option A: 'Describe the role of the cadaver as our first teacher in learning medicine. ' " "Discuss the attitude and ethical responsibilities of medical students towards the human body used for dissection. " "How does the study of anatomy through cadaveric dissection build empathy and professional values in a doctor? " "|| Option B: 'As a future physician, describe your role and responsibility towards the society and the community. ' " "Explain the concept of lifelong learning and how it reflects the growth of a physician in India. " "|| Option C: 'Describe the rights of a patient and the ethical obligations of a doctor towards the patient.'", "🔴 GUARANTEED — Asked 8x (every exam since 2023), easiest marks", "Prepare a 200-word template — memorize and reproduce"), ] for i, (topic, question, tag, tip) in enumerate(laq_ana, 1): add_q(doc, i, question, tag, '15 marks') add_note(doc, f'Topic: {topic} | Exam tip: {tip}', 'FF6600') doc.add_paragraph() add_divider(doc) add_section(doc, 'SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS — SAQ (5 Marks Each)', '1F5C99') saq_ana = [ ("Describe the course, relations, branches and applied anatomy of the Ulnar nerve. " "Add a note on ulnar claw hand.", "🔴 Asked 2024 LAQ", "Injury at elbow vs wrist — different deformities"), ("Describe the spinal cord under the headings: external features, tracts, blood supply. " "Add a note on Brown-Séquard syndrome.", "🔴 Asked 6x", "Ascending vs descending tracts at C-level"), ("Describe the femoral triangle — boundaries, floor, contents (in detail). " "Add a note on femoral hernia vs inguinal hernia.", "🔴 Asked 3x", "Femoral canal contents and ring"), ("Describe the histology of the kidney with a neat labeled diagram. " "Mention the differences between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons.", "🔴 Asked 3x", "PCT, DCT, collecting duct features"), ("Describe the histology of the liver with a neat labeled diagram (lobule). " "Mention the zones of the hepatic acinus.", "🟠 Asked 2x, appeared 2024 LAQ", "Zone 1 (periportal) most oxygenated"), ("Describe the gluteal muscles — origin, insertion, nerve supply, action of gluteus maximus. " "Add a note on structures passing deep to gluteus maximus.", "🔴 Asked 3x + 2024 LAQ", "Inferior gluteal nerve"), ("Describe the development of the face. Explain the embryological basis of cleft lip (midline and lateral).", "🔴 Asked 6x", "Frontonasal process + maxillary process fusion"), ("Turner syndrome — genetic basis, karyotype, clinical features, investigations.", "🔴 Asked 8x", "45 XO karyotype, streak ovaries"), ("Describe the Thoracic duct — origin, course, tributaries, termination and applied anatomy.", "🔴 Asked 2x + TM 5-star", "Cisterna chyli → angle of left subclavian + IJV"), ("Describe the bronchopulmonary segments — definition, number, importance. " "Mention the clinical significance of the most commonly diseased segments.", "🔴 Asked 2x + 2024 LAQ", "10 right, 8–10 left"), ("Describe the inguinal canal — anterior and posterior walls, roof, floor, contents (male and female). " "Add a note on direct vs indirect inguinal hernia.", "🟠 Asked 2x + 2024 LAQ", "Hesselbach's triangle boundaries"), ("Describe the pericardium — subdivisions, sinuses (transverse and oblique), blood supply and nerve supply.", "🟠 Asked 2024 LAQ + TM 5-star", "Oblique sinus — surgical importance"), ("Describe the trachea — extent, relations (anterior, posterior), blood supply, lymphatics. " "Add a note on tracheotomy.", "🟠 Asked 2024 LAQ", "Carina at T4/T5 level"), ("Describe the Arches of the foot — medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, transverse. " "Factors maintaining arches. Applied anatomy (pes planus, pes cavus).", "🟠 Asked 2x + TM 5-star", "Plantar aponeurosis as tie-rod"), ("Describe the development of the palate. Explain the embryological basis of cleft palate.", "🔴 Asked 6x", "Palatine shelves fuse at week 8"), ("Describe the palatine tonsil — location, structure of tonsillar bed, blood supply, nerve supply, applied anatomy.", "🟠 Asked 2x + TM 5-star", "Most common artery = tonsillar branch of facial artery"), ("Describe the tongue — external features, muscles, blood supply, nerve supply, applied anatomy. " "Add a note on the development of tongue.", "🟠 Asked 2x", "Mixed nerve supply — 4 nerves"), ("Describe corpus callosum — parts, connections and applied anatomy (split brain syndrome).", "🟠 Asked 2024 LAQ", "Genu, body, splenium, rostrum"), ("Azygos vein — formation, tributaries, course, termination and applied anatomy.", "🟠 TM 5-star", "Azygos drains right intercostals"), ("Describe the posterior mediastinum — boundaries, contents with details.", "🟠 Asked 2x + TM 5-star", "Thoracic aorta, thoracic duct, azygos, oesophagus"), ("Describe the histology of retina with a neat labeled diagram. " "Mention the layers from outer to inner.", "🟠 Asked 2x + 2024 LAQ", "10 layers — remember: PILE of GAN BC"), ("Describe the histology of testis with a neat labeled diagram. " "Mention Sertoli cells and Leydig cells — functions.", "🟠 Asked 2x", "Blood-testis barrier formed by Sertoli cells"), ("Describe the development and congenital anomalies of the pancreas " "(accessory pancreatic duct, annular pancreas, pancreas divisum).", "🟠 Asked 2x + 2024 LAQ", "Ventral + dorsal buds fusion"), ("Embryological basis of Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD). " "Describe the development of the interventricular septum.", "🟠 Asked 2x + 2024 LAQ", "Membranous VSD most common"), ("Describe the Sciatic nerve — origin, course, relations, branches and applied anatomy. " "Add a note on foot drop.", "🟠 TM 5-star", "L4, L5, S1, S2, S3 roots"), ] for i, (question, tag, tip) in enumerate(saq_ana, 1): add_q(doc, i, question, tag, '5 marks') add_note(doc, f'Exam tip: {tip}', 'FF8C00') add_divider(doc) add_section(doc, 'VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS — VSAQ (3 Marks Each)', '1F5C99') vsaq_ana = [ "Anatomical snuff box — boundaries and contents", "Carpal tunnel syndrome — contents of carpal tunnel, clinical features", "Winging of scapula — nerve involved and muscle", "Nerves related to humerus (radial nerve at spiral groove, axillary nerve at surgical neck)", "Locking and unlocking of the knee joint", "Iliotibial tract — attachments and functions", "Ligamentum arteriosum — remnant of, significance", "Mediastinal syndrome — causes and features", "Pleural recesses (costodiaphragmatic and costomediastinal) — clinical significance", "Anatomical basis of Claw hand", "Blood supply of head of femur (important in fracture neck)", "Trendelenburg test — positive test and nerve involved", "Scaphoid fracture — clinical significance (avascular necrosis)", "Rotator cuff muscles — SITS mnemonic", "Cubital fossa — boundaries and contents", "Psoas abscess — anatomical pathway", "Spring ligament (Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament)", "Coronary sinus — tributaries", "Sternal angle (Angle of Louis) — clinical landmarks", "Atypical features of the 1st rib", "Features of a typical rib", "Sibson's fascia", "Pulmonary ligament", "Guy's ropes of the medial longitudinal arch", "Tendocalcaneus (Achilles tendon) — insertion and clinical importance", "Adductor magnus — origin, insertion, nerve supply", "Femoral sheath — formation and compartments", "Adductor canal (Hunter's canal) — boundaries and contents", "Inversion and eversion of the foot — muscles", "Diagram of Haversian system (compact bone)", ] for i, q in enumerate(vsaq_ana, 1): add_q(doc, i, q, '🔴' if i <= 15 else '🟠', '3 marks') doc.add_page_break() # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # SECTION 5 — 9-DAY RAPID REVISION PLAN # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ add_subject_heading(doc, '📅 9-DAY RAPID REVISION PLAN (Aug 3 → Aug 11)', '1F3864') doc.add_paragraph('Based on your exam date of August 12, 2026. Each day is divided into 3 sessions.') plan = [ ("Day 1 — Mon Aug 3 (TODAY)", [ "BIOCHEMISTRY: DNA Replication, Transcription, Translation, Mutations, DNA Repair (8x repeat)", "BIOCHEMISTRY: PCR + ELISA + Electrophoresis (5x repeat, 2024 pattern)", "PHYSIOLOGY: Homeostasis & Feedback + Action Potential basics", ]), ("Day 2 — Tue Aug 4", [ "ANATOMY: Floor of 4th Ventricle (draw diagram × 3 times), Midbrain TS diagram", "ANATOMY: Cerebellum + Spinal cord tracts", "PHYSIOLOGY: Blood Groups, Cross matching, Erythroblastosis foetalis (4x repeat)", ]), ("Day 3 — Wed Aug 5", [ "BIOCHEMISTRY: Enzymes (classification, Michaelis-Menten, inhibition) + Isoenzymes CK/LDH", "BIOCHEMISTRY: ETC + Oxidative phosphorylation — inhibitors, ATP yield calculation", "ANATOMY: Embryology — Turner syndrome, Karyotyping, Face/Palate, VSD (8x repeat)", ]), ("Day 4 — Thu Aug 6", [ "PHYSIOLOGY: Cardiac Cycle (P-V loop), Conduction System, ECG, Cardiac Output", "PHYSIOLOGY: Blood Pressure regulation (all 3 mechanisms) + Baroreceptor reflex", "BIOCHEMISTRY: Protein Structure + Collagen + PEM (Kwashiorkor vs Marasmus)", ]), ("Day 5 — Fri Aug 7", [ "ANATOMY: Histology BLITZ — Bone/Cartilage, Kidney, Liver, Retina, Testis (practice all diagrams)", "ANATOMY: Mammary Gland + Thyroid Gland + Tongue + Tonsil", "PHYSIOLOGY: Respiratory — O2 transport + ODC curve, CO2 transport, Regulation of respiration", ]), ("Day 6 — Sat Aug 8", [ "BIOCHEMISTRY: Bilirubin/Jaundice/Porphyria + Cholesterol/Lipoproteins + Acid-Base", "BIOCHEMISTRY: One Carbon Metabolism (SAM/Folate — 6x repeat!) + Vitamins A, B1, D", "PHYSIOLOGY: Renal — GFR, Micturition, Cystometrogram, RAAS, Countercurrent mechanism", ]), ("Day 7 — Sun Aug 9", [ "ANATOMY: Upper Limb — Brachial Plexus (draw complete diagram), Ulnar/Median nerve applied", "ANATOMY: Lower Limb — Femoral triangle, Hip Joint, Knee Joint, Arches of foot", "PHYSIOLOGY: Endocrine — Thyroid, ADH, Spermatogenesis, Menstrual cycle, Cushing's", ]), ("Day 8 — Mon Aug 10 (MOCK DAY)", [ "MOCK EXAM: Biochemistry full paper (3 hours — 2 LAQ + 8 SAQ + 10 VSAQ)", "MOCK EXAM: Physiology full paper (3 hours — same format)", "EVENING: Review weak areas, rewrite answers for any LAQ under 12/15", ]), ("Day 9 — Tue Aug 11 (EVE OF EXAM)", [ "MORNING: Anatomy Mock (3 hours) + AETCom template writing × 3 times", "AFTERNOON: DIAGRAMS ONLY — ETC, Collagen, Urea cycle, Bilirubin, ODC curve, Cardiac P-V loop", "EVENING: Rest by 10 PM. No new topics. Only flash-read keyword lists.", ]), ] for day, sessions in plan: add_section(doc, day, '1F5C99') for session in sessions: p = doc.add_paragraph() p.paragraph_format.left_indent = Inches(0.3) r = p.add_run(f"• {session}") r.font.size = Pt(11) doc.add_page_break() # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # SECTION 6 — DIAGRAMS YOU MUST DRAW # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ add_subject_heading(doc, '✏️ MUST-DRAW DIAGRAMS (Guaranteed Marks)', '1F3864') add_note(doc, 'Practice each diagram below at least 3 times before exam. Diagrams = 3–5 bonus marks per LAQ.', 'C00000') diagrams = { 'BIOCHEMISTRY Diagrams': [ "Electron Transport Chain (Complex I–IV with inhibitor sites)", "Urea Cycle (all enzymes and substrates)", "Bilirubin metabolism pathway", "Collagen triple helix structure (Gly-X-Y repeat)", "HMP Shunt pathway", "PCR steps (denaturation → annealing → extension)", "Michaelis-Menten curve + Lineweaver-Burk plot", ], 'PHYSIOLOGY Diagrams': [ "Oxygen Dissociation Curve (ODC) with shift factors", "Cystometrogram (pressure vs volume with sensations)", "Cardiac cycle — Left Ventricular Pressure-Volume loop", "Erythropoiesis stages (from CFU-E to reticulocyte)", "Baroreceptor reflex arc", "Normal ECG waveform (label all intervals and segments)", "Coagulation cascade (intrinsic + extrinsic)", ], 'ANATOMY Diagrams': [ "Floor of 4th ventricle (all nuclei labeled)", "Midbrain at superior colliculus level (TS)", "Haversian system / Compact bone cross-section", "Brachial plexus (complete — roots to terminal branches)", "Histology of kidney (labeled: glomerulus, PCT, DCT)", "Histology of liver lobule (portal triad, central vein)", "Femoral triangle (boundaries, floor, contents)", "Cerebellar lobes and fissures", ], } for subject, diag_list in diagrams.items(): add_section(doc, subject, '1F5C99') for d in diag_list: p = doc.add_paragraph() p.paragraph_format.left_indent = Inches(0.3) r1 = p.add_run("□ ") r1.font.color.rgb = RGBColor.from_string('C00000') r2 = p.add_run(d) r2.font.size = Pt(11) doc.add_page_break() # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # SECTION 7 — SCORING STRATEGY # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ add_subject_heading(doc, '🎯 SCORING STRATEGY TO HIT 80–90%', '1F3864') strategies = [ ("LAQ Strategy (15 marks)", [ "Write a one-line definition as the very first sentence.", "Use BOLD HEADINGS for each sub-part (Classification / Mechanism / Diagram / Applied).", "Draw a diagram even if not asked — earns 1–2 marks minimum.", "Target 12/15 per LAQ. That alone = 24 marks per paper.", "Clinical case LAQs: Write a quick table of abnormal values first, then answer sub-parts.", ]), ("SAQ Strategy (5 marks)", [ "5 crisp bullet points — each point = 1 mark.", "Add 1 relevant diagram for anatomy/physiology SAQs.", "Include one clinical significance point at the end.", "Do NOT write flowing paragraphs — bullet points score better.", "Target 4/5 per SAQ × 8 = 32 marks per paper.", ]), ("VSAQ Strategy (3 marks)", [ "Write exactly 3 concise points — no more, no less.", "First point: definition/classification.", "Second point: key mechanism or example.", "Third point: clinical significance or normal value.", "Target 2.5/3 per VSAQ × 10 = 25 marks per paper.", ]), ("AETCom Template (Free 5–15 Marks)", [ "Prepare one 200-word template covering: (1) Definition/Introduction, (2) 3 sub-points with examples, (3) Conclusion.", "For cadaver: 'The human body used for dissection is the first patient a medical student encounters...'", "For physician's role: 'A physician is not merely a healer but a social scientist, teacher, and advocate...'", "Memorize this template and reproduce it — examiners reward structure and language.", ]), ("Overall Target Calculation", [ "2 LAQs × 12 marks = 24 marks", "8 SAQs × 4 marks = 32 marks", "10 VSAQs × 2.5 marks = 25 marks", "TOTAL = 81 marks = 81% — TARGET ACHIEVED ✓", "To hit 90%: Aim LAQ 13/15, SAQ 4.5/5, VSAQ 2.8/3 = 90 marks", ]), ] for heading, points in strategies: add_section(doc, heading, '1F5C99') for point in points: p = doc.add_paragraph() p.paragraph_format.left_indent = Inches(0.3) r = p.add_run(f"✓ {point}") r.font.size = Pt(11) # Final motivational note doc.add_paragraph() p = doc.add_paragraph() p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER r = p.add_run('All the best for August 12! You have the data. Now execute the plan.') r.font.size = Pt(13) r.bold = True r.font.color.rgb = RGBColor.from_string('1F3864') # ── Save ────────────────────────────────────────────────────── out_path = '/tmp/workspace/knruhs-2026-predictions/KNRUHS_2026_Predicted_Questions.docx' doc.save(out_path) print(f"SAVED: {out_path}") PYEOF