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Bones of upper limb with clinical anatomy

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upper limb bones clinical anatomy clavicle scapula humerus radius ulna hand clinical correlations

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upper extremity anatomy AND clinical

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labeled bones of the upper limb clavicle scapula humerus radius ulna carpal bones

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This topic can be studied as six connected units:
  1. Pectoral girdle: clavicle and scapula
  2. Arm: humerus
  3. Forearm: radius and ulna
  4. Hand: carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
  5. Joints and surface landmarks: shoulder, elbow, wrist, palpable points
  6. Clinical anatomy: fractures, nerve injuries, dislocations, and radiographic correlations
Overview: The upper limb has 64 bones in total, 32 on each side. The clavicle is the only bony link between upper limb and axial skeleton. The scapula provides the glenoid socket for the humeral head. The humerus forms the arm and contributes to shoulder and elbow. Radius and ulna together permit pronation and supination, while the hand’s 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, and 14 phalanges provide grip and fine movement.
High-yield clinical links include clavicular fracture, winged scapula, surgical-neck fracture of humerus with axillary-nerve risk, humeral-shaft fracture with radial-nerve risk, supracondylar fracture with brachial-artery risk, Monteggia and Galeazzi injuries, Colles fracture, scaphoid fracture with risk of avascular necrosis, and Bennett fracture at the first metacarpal base. Gray’s Anatomy for Students, pp. 823, 870, 893-894.
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