Blood kya hai
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🩸 Blood (खून) क्या है?
Blood ek fluid connective tissue hai jo poore body mein circulate karta hai. Ek average adult mein lagbhag 5-6 liters blood hota hai.
Blood ki Composition (बनावट)
Yeh diagram blood ki poori composition dikhata hai:
Blood ke do main parts hain:
1. Plasma (55% of blood)
Yeh blood ka liquid part hai - ek pale yellow fluid. Isme hota hai:
| Component | Amount |
|---|---|
| Water | 92% by weight |
| Proteins | 7% by weight |
| Other solutes | 1% by weight |
Plasma proteins mein shamil hain:
- Albumin (58%) - osmotic pressure maintain karta hai
- Globulins (37%) - antibodies aur transport proteins
- Fibrinogen (4%) - blood clotting mein kaam aata hai
- Regulatory proteins (<1%)
2. Formed Elements (45% of blood)
🔴 Erythrocytes / Red Blood Cells (RBC) - 44%
- Men: 4.3-5.7 × 10¹² cells/L
- Women: 3.9-5.0 × 10¹² cells/L
- Kaam: Hemoglobin protein ke zariye oxygen aur CO₂ carry karna
- Hematocrit (HCT): RBC ka percentage - men mein 39-50%, women mein 35-45%
⚪ Leukocytes / White Blood Cells (WBC) - Buffy coat mein
- 3.5-10.5 × 10⁹ cells/L
- Kaam: Infection se protection, immunity
- Types:
- Neutrophils: 50-70%
- Lymphocytes: 20-40%
- Monocytes: 2-8%
- Eosinophils: 1-4%
- Basophils: 0.5-1%
🟣 Platelets (Thrombocytes) - Buffy coat mein
- 150,000-400,000 per cubic mm
- Kaam: Blood clotting (thrombus formation)
Blood ke Functions (काम)
Medical textbooks ke mutabiq blood yeh kaam karta hai:
| Function | Detail |
|---|---|
| O₂ Transport | Lungs se tissues tak oxygen pohonchana (hemoglobin ke zariye) |
| CO₂ Transport | Tissues se CO₂ ko lungs tak le jaana |
| Nutrient Transport | Gut se absorbed nutrients ko poore body mein distribute karna |
| Hormone Transport | Ek organ se doosre organ tak chemical signals pohonchana |
| Waste Removal | Metabolic waste products ko excretory organs tak pohonchana |
| Temperature Regulation | Body mein heat distribute karna |
| Acid-Base Balance | pH maintain karna |
| Osmotic Balance | Fluid balance maintain karna |
| Immunity | WBCs ke zariye infection se ladna |
| Clotting | Platelets ke zariye bleeding rokna |
Serum vs Plasma
- Plasma = blood ka liquid part (clotting factors bhi present hain)
- Serum = jab blood clot ho jaata hai toh jo bacha hua liquid hota hai - usme clotting factors nahi hote, lekin platelet-derived growth factors hote hain
Sources: Junqueira's Basic Histology 17e; Histology: A Text and Atlas (Pawlina) - Wolters Kluwer
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