This four-panel pathophysiology diagram displays genome-wide interval mapping LOD score plots from a mouse model study (Gria4 backcross) investigating the genetic modifiers of spike-wave discharges (SWD), a hallmark of absence seizures. Each panel (A-D) represents a specific trait or its principal component: SWD incidence (Panel A), SWD length (Panel B), and the first two principal components (Panels C and D). The y-axis measures the Logarithm of the Odds (LOD) score (0–4), while the x-axis represents chromosomes 1 through 19 and the X chromosome. Horizontal dotted lines indicate genome-wide significance thresholds (p-values of 0.63, 0.01, and 0.05). Key findings include a significant peak for SWD incidence on chromosome 8 and a major peak for SWD length on chromosome 15, suggesting distinct genetic loci regulate frequency versus duration of seizure activity. Panels A and B contain inset histograms showing the raw frequency distribution for incidence (#/hr) and length (seconds). This visualization facilitates the identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) associated with epilepsy-related phenotypes.

This diagnostic image consists of side-by-side ultrasound frames demonstrating 2D Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) and Shear Wave Dispersion (SWD) of the liver in an intercostal view. The left panel shows a color-coded elastogram map overlaid on a B-mode image. The sample window is predominantly red, indicating high tissue stiffness, with a circular Region of Interest (ROI) marked 'T1'. The right panel displays a corresponding shear wave mapping, showing inhomogeneous blue shades representing elevated shear wave speed. Quantitative data at the bottom indicates a liver stiffness value (DschnT1) of 63.4 kPa with a standard deviation (SD.T1) of 29.1 kPa, findings consistent with advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. System parameters displayed at the top-left include a Mechanical Index (MI) of 1.6 and a frame rate of 1.0 fps. A color scale on the far left correlates red with high stiffness (40.0 kPa) and blue with low stiffness (0.0 kPa). A schematic diagram in the lower right corner indicates the probe position on the patient's right abdomen.

This diagnostic image is a longitudinal series of axial chest CT scans (lung window) demonstrating the progression of pulmonary pathology in patients with COVID-19. The layout is organized into a grid comparing a control group and an Ultra-Short Wave Diathermy (USWD) intervention group across moderate and severe disease classifications at four time points: baseline, Week 1, Week 2, and Week 4. In moderate cases (A-H), initial bilateral ground-glass opacities (GGOs), predominantly in the lower lobes and peripheral regions, show gradual resolution over the four-week period. In severe cases (I-P), the baseline scans (I, M) reveal extensive bilateral GGOs, consolidation, and early fibrotic changes. The time-series progression demonstrates varying rates of clearing. In the USWD severe group (M-P), there is a notable reduction in opacity and consolidation density by Week 4 compared to the control severe group (I-L), where residual stripe shadows and local pleural thickening persist. This visual comparison illustrates the natural history of COVID-19 pneumonia and the potential impact of therapeutic interventions on the rate of pulmonary tissue recovery.

This composite educational graphic focuses on liver Shear Wave Dispersion (SWD) measurements, a diagnostic technique used to assess liver tissue viscosity and inflammation. Panel A presents a scatter plot with reference curves showing the relationship between SWD values (measured in m/s/kHz) and Body Mass Index Standard Deviation Score (BMI-SDS) in a pediatric population. The graph displays percentile curves (P3, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90, and P97), illustrating a general trend where SWD values decrease as BMI-SDS increases. Panel B provides a corresponding B-mode ultrasound image of a liver, utilizing a curvilinear transducer. A color-coded shear wave dispersion map is overlaid on the liver parenchyma, featuring a circular region of interest (ROI) for measurement. The interface displays technical parameters including mechanical index, gain (G:78), dynamic range (DR:70), and shear wave frequency (Sw 2.5). This material is relevant for pediatric hepatology and radiology, demonstrating the clinical application of ultrasound elastography and viscosity imaging in healthy and potentially symptomatic children.