Hey bro!! So for my research project..topic is the efficiency of drug Lajjalu varti in the case of bleeding hemmorides So now..I should see which all parameters can I take for this project..give me the information and also send me the researched articles where the parameter considered in the project mentioned in the research projects published before..be it allopathy or ayurveda point of view
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hemorrhoids bleeding treatment clinical parameters outcome
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Lajjalu varti bleeding hemorrhoids Ayurveda clinical trial parameters outcome assessment
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https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3296339
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Ayurveda arsha hemorrhoids clinical trial outcome assessment
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hemorrhoids outcome measures pain bleeding prolapse quality of life assessment scale
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Lajjalu varti arsha Ayurveda suppository hemorrhoids research study parameters IJAPR IJAM
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https://www.ijam.co.in/index.php/ijam/article/view/5115
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PMID: 30451751
I now have comprehensive data from multiple sources. Let me compile the complete answer.
Here's your complete research guide for the Lajjalu Varti in Bleeding Hemorrhoids (Raktarsha) project:
Assessment Parameters for Lajjalu Varti in Bleeding Hemorrhoids
Why Lajjalu (Mimosa pudica)?
Lajjalu has Kashaya (astringent), Raktastambhaka (blood-stopping), and Shothahara (anti-inflammatory) properties - directly acting on the pathology of Raktarsha. As a Varti (rectal suppository), it acts locally on the pile mass with direct tissue contact. This formulation follows the Guda Varti tradition described in Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 14.
Parameters You Can Use (Categorized)
A. PRIMARY OUTCOME PARAMETER (Most Important)
| Parameter | How to Score |
|---|---|
| Bleeding per rectum (Rakta Srava) | Grade 0-3: 0=absent, 1=occasional/on straining, 2=frequent/with each stool, 3=spontaneous/profuse |
This is your primary endpoint since it's a study specifically on bleeding hemorrhoids.
B. SUBJECTIVE PARAMETERS (Symptom-based)
| Parameter | Scoring Scale | Ayurvedic Correlation |
|---|---|---|
| Pain during defecation (Vedana) | VAS 0-10 or Grade 0-3 | Ruja |
| Itching/pruritus (Kandu) | 0=absent, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe | Kandu |
| Mucus discharge | 0=absent, 1=present | Picchila srava |
| Burning sensation (Daha) | 0=absent, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe | Daha |
| Constipation/stool consistency | 0=soft, 1=firm, 2=hard | Vibandha |
| Stool frequency | 0=regular, 1=irregular | Mala pravritti |
| Tenesmus | VAS 0-10 | Pratishyaya |
C. OBJECTIVE/CLINICAL PARAMETERS
| Parameter | How to Assess |
|---|---|
| Degree/Grade of pile mass | Standard 4-degree grading (see below) - assessed on proctoscopy |
| Size of pile mass | Measured with transparent millimeter ruler on proctoscopy |
| Number of pile masses | Count on proctoscopy |
| Protrusion/Prolapse | 0=no prolapse, 1=prolapse on straining only, 2=spontaneous prolapse, 3=irreducible |
| Ease of reduction | 0=easily reduced, 1=reduced with difficulty, 2=irreducible |
| Anal sphincter spasm | 0=absent, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe |
| Proctitis (on proctoscopy) | 0=absent, 1=present |
Standard Hemorrhoid Grading (for inclusion criteria and outcome):
- Grade I: Only bleeding, no prolapse
- Grade II: Prolapse on straining, spontaneously reduces
- Grade III: Prolapse on straining, requires manual reduction
- Grade IV: Irreducible prolapse
D. LABORATORY PARAMETERS
| Investigation | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Hemoglobin (Hb%) | To assess anemia from chronic bleeding - important baseline and follow-up |
| Bleeding Time (BT) | Coagulation baseline |
| Clotting Time (CT) | Coagulation baseline |
| Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) | Rule out infection |
| Differential Leukocyte Count (DLC) | Baseline |
| ESR | Inflammation marker |
| Stool routine examination | Rule out parasites, occult blood |
The Hb% is particularly valuable because chronic Raktarsha causes iron deficiency anemia - pre- and post-treatment Hb improvement is a measurable objective outcome.
E. COMPOSITE SCORE (Recommended)
Use a Composite Score (total of all symptom + sign scores) to give a single numerical outcome measure. The range commonly used is 0-25 (as used by the polyherbal formulation RCT, PMCID PMC4719482). This makes statistical analysis clean and publishable.
F. QUALITY OF LIFE (Optional but adds value)
Use the Short Health Scale-HD (Rørvik et al., 2019, PMID 30451751), which measures:
- Symptom load
- Functional status
- Disease-specific worries
- General well-being
Each on a 7-point Likert scale. This tool is validated, reliable, and responsive.
G. AYURVEDIC PRAKRITI / DOSHA ASSESSMENT
Since this is an Ayurvedic study, documenting the Prakriti (Vata-Pitta-Kapha constitution) of patients and correlating treatment response with dosha type adds scholarly value. Vata-Pitta Prakriti is most commonly affected in Raktarsha.
Suggested Assessment Schedule
| Timepoint | What to do |
|---|---|
| Baseline (Day 0) | Full symptom scoring + proctoscopy + labs |
| Day 7 | Symptom scores |
| Day 14 | Symptom scores + proctoscopy |
| Day 21/30 (follow-up) | Symptom scores + check recurrence |
Research Articles to Refer (Directly Relevant to Your Topic)
1. Directly Comparable Varti (Suppository) Studies
Durvadi Gudavarti vs. Hydrocortisone Suppository (2025) - Most Relevant
Biswas N, Jaiswal R. "Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of Hydrocortisone suppository and Durvadi Gudavarti in Raktarsha - A randomized controlled clinical trial." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine, 16(2):398-410, 2025.
- Parameters used: size of pile mass (primary), bleeding PR (secondary), assessed on days 5, 10, 15
- Durvadi Gudavarti was 34% more efficacious in pile mass reduction and 32% more efficacious in bleeding reduction than hydrocortisone
- Read abstract here
Haridradi Guda Varti vs. Corect Suppository (2016)
Krishna et al. "A Controlled Clinical Study of Haridradi Guda Varti (Anal Suppository) on Internal Haemorrhoids." World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 5(12), 2016.
- Parameters: PR bleeding, itching, pile mass size
- Scoring: 3 criteria scored pre/post with Wilcoxon signed rank test
- Haridradi Gudavarti was superior (p<0.0001 for all three parameters)
Lajjalu Lepa and Darvi Lepa for Raktarsha
Published in JAIMS - "A comparative clinical study for haemostatic action of Lajjalu Lepa and Darvi Lepa in Raktarsha"
- Parameters: bleeding, degree of piles, number of pile masses
- Lajjalu group: 69.7% relief in bleeding, 41.4% relief in degree of piles, 36.7% relief in pile mass number
- Download PDF
2. Ayurvedic Clinical Trials on Raktarsha (for Parameter Reference)
Ksara Vasti + Triphala Guggulu in Raktarsha (2012)
PMC3296339 - Ayu journal, 32(2):192
- Parameters: hemorrhage PR, pain on defecation, constipation, protrusion, mucus discharge, itching, anemia
- Lab: Hb%, TLC, DLC, ESR, BT, CT, blood sugar, lipid profile, urine examination
- 4-grade scoring per criterion; 6-month follow-up
- Read full article
Polyherbal Formulation (Arshkeyt) RCT (2016)
PMCID PMC4719482, J Ayurveda Integr Med
- Composite score 0-25 using: tenesmus (VAS), bleeding, pruritus, mucus, stool consistency, stool frequency, proctitis, anal sphincter spasm, ease of reduction, degree of hemorrhoids
- Read full article
3. Modern Allopathy Outcome Tools
Hemorrhoidal Disease Symptom Score (HDSS) and Short Health Scale-HD (2019)
Rørvik HD et al. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum, 62(3), 2019. [PMID 30451751]
- 5 patient-reported domains: pain, itching, bleeding, soiling, prolapse - each on 7-point Likert
- Validated, reliable, responsive tool you can incorporate
- Excellent for justifying your parameter choice in the introduction/methodology
Outcome of Modified Park's vs. Milligan-Morgan Hemorrhoidectomy (2022)
PMID 34840045 - Asian J Surg
- Parameters: postoperative pain (VAS), bleeding, wound healing, complication rate
Practical Recommendation for Your Study Design
For a Lajjalu Varti study on Grade I-II or Grade I-III Raktarsha, here is a clean parameter set:
Primary Outcome: Reduction in Bleeding per rectum score (0-3)
Secondary Outcomes:
- Degree/Grade of hemorrhoid on proctoscopy
- Size of pile mass (mm)
- Pain on defecation (VAS 0-10)
- Itching (0-3)
- Mucus discharge (0-1)
- Constipation/stool consistency
- Hemoglobin level (pre vs post)
- Composite symptom score (sum of all above)
- Overall clinical response: Cured / Marked improvement / Moderate improvement / No change
This covers both the Ayurvedic dimension (Samprapti vikalpana through symptom scores) and the allopathic dimension (proctoscopy grading, Hb%) and will be well-accepted in both IJAPR, IJAM, JAIMS, and AYU journal formats.
Yes Thankyou sm bro❤️ Now I want the thing-Which part of lajjalu drug can be used as varti for bleeding hemmorides..and what is its hydrophilic and hydrophobic..like even as ksheera paka like this etc..give me the articles if this is mentioned or also in which textbook can I refer this also
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Mimosa pudica phytochemistry pharmacological hemostatic anti-inflammatory
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Lajjalu Mimosa pudica drug part used varti Ayurveda pharmacognosy phytochemistry hydrophilic hydrophobic constituents
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https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3459453
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Mimosa pudica wound healing hemostasis tannin alkaloid biological activity
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Ayurveda varti base hydrophilic hydrophobic suppository Ksheera Paka formulation Lajjalu rectal hemorrhoids classical text
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https://www.jahm.co.in/index.php/jahm/article/view/2500
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Mimosa pudica biological activity pharmacology
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PMID: 19397984
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PMID: 37728228
I now have all the data needed for a thorough answer. Let me compile it.
Lajjalu (Mimosa pudica) - Drug Part, Phytochemistry & Varti Formulation for Bleeding Hemorrhoids
1. Which Part of Lajjalu is Used?
Classical Ayurvedic Reference (Drug Part)
In Ayurvedic classical texts, the whole plant (Sampoorna Panchanga) of Lajjalu is described as medicinal, but different parts are used for different preparations:
| Part | Classical Use |
|---|---|
| Mula (Root) | Raktastambhana, Vrana shodhana - primary part for bleeding conditions and wound healing |
| Patra (Leaves) | Shothahara, Krimighna, external applications (Lepa) |
| Pushpa (Flower) | Anti-inflammatory |
| Beeja (Seed) | Drug release formulations (contains Glucuronoxylan - swelling index high) |
| Whole plant | Used in Kashaya, Ksheera Paka, Swarasa preparations |
For Raktarsha (Bleeding Hemorrhoids) specifically:
- Root is the most pharmacologically validated part for hemostasis and wound healing
- Kokane DD et al. (PMID 19397984) specifically studied roots of Mimosa pudica for wound healing - methanolic and aqueous root extracts showed significant wound healing activity (p<0.001 at 2% w/w). The total aqueous extract had 17% w/w phenols (vs 11% in methanolic) - relevant for choosing your extraction solvent
- Ethnobotanical records from Orissa confirm: "Paste of root fried in castor oil is applied on deep cut wounds to stop bleeding and for healing" (PMC3459453)
- Records from Madhya Pradesh: "Leaves and roots are used for piles and fistula" (PMC3459453)
2. Phytochemical Constituents - Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic Classification
This is the key answer to your varti base question. Which constituents dissolve in which base directly decides whether your varti should be hydrophilic or hydrophobic (fat-based).
Hydrophilic Constituents (Water-soluble)
| Constituent | Plant Part | Pharmacological Relevance to Raktarsha |
|---|---|---|
| Tannins (Gallic acid derivatives, Crocetin dimethyl ester) | Root, whole plant | Raktastambhana - astringent action on bleeding vessels; protein precipitation causes vasoconstriction at mucosa |
| Mimosine (alkaloid) | Leaves, roots | Anti-inflammatory, cytostatic |
| Flavonoids (Myricetin, C-glycosides) | Leaves, whole plant | Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, capillary stabilizing |
| Phenols / Phenolic acids | Roots (primary), leaves | Wound healing - hydroxyproline synthesis (tissue repair) |
| Saponins | Whole plant | Anti-inflammatory, mucosal healing |
| Catechin, Epicatechin, Chlorogenic acid (identified by HPLC in leaves - PMID 37728228) | Leaves | Strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory |
| Mucilage (D-xylose + D-glucuronic acid from seeds) | Seeds | Demulcent, drug release matrix |
| Glycosides, Glycosylflavones | Whole plant | Anti-inflammatory |
Conclusion: Tannins, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids are predominantly water-soluble (hydrophilic). These are best extracted with water or hydro-alcoholic (50-70% ethanol) solvents.
Lipophilic/Hydrophobic Constituents (Fat-soluble)
| Constituent | Plant Part | Pharmacological Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| β-Sitosterol | Fresh tissues, leaves | Anti-inflammatory, stabilizes cell membranes |
| Terpenoids / Triterpenes | Whole plant | Anti-inflammatory, Shotha hara |
| Fatty acids (Oleic acid - identified by GC-MS/MS, PMID 37728228) | Leaves | Emollient, tissue softening |
| Nor-epinephrine | Fresh leaf tissue | Vasoconstriction (highly relevant to hemostasis!) |
| d-Pinitol (3-mono-methyl ether of inositol) | Fresh tissues | Anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory |
| Sterols | Whole plant | Membrane-stabilizing |
Conclusion: Sterols, terpenoids, fatty acids, and nor-epinephrine are lipophilic/hydrophobic - better extracted with non-polar solvents (hexane, ether, chloroform) and better carried in a fat-based (hydrophobic) varti base.
3. Varti Base - Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic: What to Choose?
This is a pharmaceutical decision with major implications for your study:
Hydrophobic (Oleaginous/Fat) Base - e.g., Cocoa Butter (Theobroma oil)
- Melts at body temperature (33-36°C), releases drug slowly by melting
- Best suited for: Lipophilic constituents (sterols, terpenoids, nor-epinephrine, fatty acids)
- Classical Ayurvedic parallel: Sneha Dravyas - Ghrita (ghee), Taila (oil) are hydrophobic bases used in classical Varti formulations
- Example from literature: The JAHM 2026 case report (Kalal et al.) prepared Lajjalu Suppository in 1:1 ratio with Cocoa Butter - pH: 5.9 - used for 2nd degree hemorrhoids. Result: complete regression of pile mass in 15 days, no adverse effects
- Pro: Good tissue contact time, prolonged drug release, lubricates anal canal (reduces pain)
- Con: Does not mix with rectal mucus; only releases hydrophobic compounds efficiently
Hydrophilic (Water-miscible) Base - e.g., PEG, Glycerol-gelatin
- Dissolves in rectal secretions, releases drug quickly
- Best suited for: Tannins, phenols, flavonoids (the main hemostatic and astringent compounds)
- Pro: Better release of water-soluble astringents (tannins) which are primarily responsible for Raktastambhana
- Con: May cause local irritation; shorter residence time
Recommendation for Lajjalu Varti in Raktarsha:
Since the primary active compounds for bleeding (Raktastambhana) are tannins and phenols (hydrophilic), but the classical Guda Varti is traditionally prepared in a Sneha (fat) base, the ideal approach is a combination base (amphiphilic):
Best option: Hydrophilic emulsifying base OR Ksheera Paka base - which creates an emulsion that carries both hydrophilic tannins AND hydrophobic sterols/terpenoids together.
4. Ksheera Paka - Why It is Particularly Relevant
Ksheera Paka (milk decoction preparation) is a classical Ayurvedic pharmaceutical method where the drug is processed in milk. This is highly relevant for your Lajjalu Varti because:
- Milk is an amphiphilic medium - it contains both aqueous phase (extracts hydrophilic tannins, flavonoids, phenols) and fat phase (carries lipophilic sterols, terpenoids)
- In Ksheera Paka, the drug is boiled in 4 parts milk + 1 part water + 1 part drug until water evaporates, yielding a milk-drug concentrate that contains BOTH hydrophilic and lipophilic constituents
- The casein micelles in milk act as emulsifying agents - they help uniform distribution of both tannins and sterols into the final preparation
- This makes Ksheera Paka pharmacologically superior to either a pure aqueous or pure oleaginous base for Lajjalu
- Reference in classical texts: Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 14 describes Ksheera Paka preparations for Arsha management. Sushruta Samhita Chikitsa Sthana mentions milk-based local preparations
For your study: You could justify Ksheera Paka as a base by explaining that it simultaneously extracts and carries BOTH the hydrophilic hemostatic tannins AND the hydrophobic anti-inflammatory sterols of Lajjalu - making it a pharmacologically complete preparation.
5. Summary Table - Drug Part, Constituent & Base Relationship
| Drug Part | Key Active | Solubility | Ideal Base for Varti |
|---|---|---|---|
| Root | Tannins, Phenols | Hydrophilic | Aqueous / Ksheera Paka |
| Root | β-Sitosterol | Hydrophobic | Cocoa Butter / Ghrita |
| Leaves | Catechin, Chlorogenic acid | Hydrophilic | Aqueous / Ksheera Paka |
| Leaves | Terpenoids, Fatty acids (Oleic acid) | Hydrophobic | Cocoa Butter / Taila |
| Fresh tissue | Nor-epinephrine | Hydrophobic | Fat base (preserves it) |
| Seeds | Glucuronoxylan mucilage | Hydrophilic (swelling) | PEG or hydrophilic base |
6. Textbooks to Refer
Ayurvedic Classical Texts
- Charaka Samhita - Chikitsa Sthana, Chapter 14 (Arshas Chikitsa) - Guda Varti described with Sneha base
- Sushruta Samhita - Chikitsa Sthana, Chapter 6 (Arshas Chikitsa) - 4 treatment modalities for Arsha
- Ashtanga Hridayam - Uttara Sthana - Arsha Nidana & Chikitsa
- Bhavaprakasha Nighantu - Vatadi Varga / Guduchyadi Varga - Lajjalu properties: Kashaya Rasa, Laghu Guna, Raktastambhaka karma
Pharmacognosy / Dravyaguna
- Dravyaguna Vijnana - Prof. P.V. Sharma (Vol. 2) - Detailed Lajjalu monograph, parts used, Guna-Karma, Sanskrit verses
- Krishnamurthy's Indian Materia Medica / API (Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India) Part I, Vol. 5 - Official monograph for Lajjalu (Mimosa pudica)
Modern Pharmacognosy/Pharmaceutics
- Kokane DD et al., J Ethnopharmacol, 2009 (PMID 19397984) - Root wound healing study (methanolic vs aqueous extract)
- PMC3459453 - "Mimosa pudica L. (Laajvanti): An overview" - Comprehensive phytochemistry reference Read here
- Gandhi MY et al., Chem Biodivers, 2023 (PMID 37728228) - HPLC quantification of catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid in leaves
7. The Most Directly Relevant Published Article for Your Study
Kalal L et al. (2026) - "Novel Use of Lajjalu Suppository as a part of Multi-Interventional Ayurveda Approach in the Management of Abhyantara Arshas (2nd Degree Internal Hemorrhoids) - A case report." Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic Medicine (JAHM), 14(1), 2026.
- Drug part used: Whole Lajjalu plant (processed)
- Base used: Cocoa Butter (1:1 ratio) - hydrophobic base
- pH of final product: 5.9 (close to rectal pH of 6.8-7.2 - good compatibility)
- Result: Complete regression of 2nd degree pile mass in 15 days
- Access here
This is your most important reference because it's literally a Lajjalu suppository for hemorrhoids - your study can build directly on this as a pilot and scale it to a controlled trial.
Bottom line for your methodology section: Use Lajjalu mula (root) as the primary drug part (best evidence for hemostasis + wound healing). Prepare as Ksheera Paka to extract both hydrophilic (tannins, phenols - Raktastambhana) and hydrophobic (β-sitosterol, terpenoids - Shothahara) constituents together. Use cocoa butter as the final varti base (classical Sneha concept, already validated in the JAHM 2026 paper). The combination will justify both classical Ayurvedic pharmaceutical rationale AND modern pharmacognostic evidence in your dissertation.
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