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Lower limbbones

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"lower extremity" AND anatomy

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lower limb bones anatomy femur tibia fibula foot bones

Bones of the lower limb

Each free lower limb has 30 bones:
RegionBonesNumber
ThighFemur1
KneePatella1
LegTibia and fibula2
FootTarsals7
FootMetatarsals5
ToesPhalanges14
Total30

1. Thigh

  • Femur: the longest and strongest bone in the body. It forms the hip joint with the pelvic bone and the knee joint with the tibia and patella.

2. Knee

  • Patella: the kneecap. It is a sesamoid bone embedded in the quadriceps tendon.

3. Leg

The anatomical leg is only the part between knee and ankle:
  • Tibia: medial, large, weight-bearing bone.
  • Fibula: lateral, slender bone; contributes to ankle stability but bears little weight.

4. Foot

Seven tarsal bones
  • Talus
  • Calcaneus
  • Navicular
  • Cuboid
  • Medial cuneiform
  • Intermediate cuneiform
  • Lateral cuneiform
Five metatarsals
  • Metatarsals I to V, extending from the medial to lateral side.
Fourteen phalanges
  • Great toe: 2 phalanges, proximal and distal
  • Other four toes: 3 phalanges each, proximal, middle, and distal
If the pelvic girdle is included in “lower extremity,” add the hip bone (os coxae) on each side. The hip bone is formed by the fused ilium, ischium, and pubis. The tibia and fibula together form the bones of the leg between the knee and foot, as described in this NCBI anatomy reference.

Side determination attachments and side surfaces

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For which bone(s) do you need these details? Common options are:
  1. Femur
  2. Tibia
  3. Fibula
  4. Patella
  5. Hip bone
  6. Tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges
Send the bone name, and I will give its side determination, surfaces, borders, landmarks, and major muscle/ligament attachments.

All viva question

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A complete lower-limb bone viva set can be organized as:
  1. Hip bone: side determination, surfaces, borders, attachments, acetabulum, obturator foramen
  2. Femur: side determination, parts, surfaces, borders, muscle attachments, ossification, clinical points
  3. Patella: side determination, surfaces, borders, attachments, applied anatomy
  4. Tibia: side determination, parts, surfaces, borders, attachments, ossification, clinical points
  5. Fibula: side determination, parts, surfaces, borders, attachments, ossification
  6. Foot bones: talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms, metatarsals, phalanges
  7. General viva: lower-limb bone count, weight-bearing bones, joints, ossification, common fractures, anatomical relations
Key examination principle: first identify the bone, orient it using one or two unmistakable landmarks, state the side, then describe its parts, surfaces, borders, attachments, articulations, ossification, and one clinical correlation.
Which section should I prepare first in full viva question-answer format?

Femur

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labeled femur anterior posterior surfaces head neck trochanters linea aspera anatomy diagram

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femur anatomy

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femur osteology anatomy side determination linea aspera muscle attachments

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK532982

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Explain femur side determination and attachments

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