python3 << 'EOF' import pdfplumber import os pdfs = { "TM": "/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/Tm_260718_020000.pdf", "PHYSIOLOGY": "/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/mbbs-1-year-physiology-mb2019106-nov-2024_260718_025530_compressed.pdf", "HAQ": "/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/Haq_260718_015949_compressed.pdf" } for name, path in pdfs.items(): print(f"\n{'='*60}") print(f"PDF: {name}") print(f"{'='*60}") with pdfplumber.open(path) as pdf: print(f"Total pages: {len(pdf.pages)}") # Print first 3 pages to understand structure for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages[:3]): text = page.extract_text() print(f"\n--- Page {i+1} ---") print(text[:2000] if text else "[No text]") EOF

python3 << 'EOF' import pdfplumber import os pdfs = { "TM": "/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/Tm_260718_020000.pdf", "PHYSIOLOGY": "/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/mbbs-1-year-physiology-mb2019106-nov-2024_260718_025530_compressed.pdf", "HAQ": "/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/Haq_260718_015949_compressed.pdf" } os.makedirs("/tmp/workspace/qbank", exist_ok=True) for name, path in pdfs.items(): full_text = "" with pdfplumber.open(path) as pdf: for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages): text = page.extract_text() if text: full_text += f"\n\n--- PAGE {i+1} ---\n{text}" with open(f"/tmp/workspace/qbank/{name}_full.txt", "w") as f: f.write(full_text) print(f"Saved {name}: {len(full_text)} chars, {len(pdf.pages)} pages") print("Done extracting all PDFs") EOF

python3 << 'PYEOF' import pdfplumber, os, re # Read all full texts def read_file(path): with open(path) as f: return f.read() tm = read_file("/tmp/workspace/qbank/TM_full.txt") haq = read_file("/tmp/workspace/qbank/HAQ_full.txt") phys = read_file("/tmp/workspace/qbank/PHYSIOLOGY_full.txt") # Print section headers to understand TM structure lines = tm.split('\n') for i, l in enumerate(lines): if any(kw in l.upper() for kw in ['HEAD', 'NECK', 'THORAX', 'ABDOMEN', 'LOWER', 'UPPER', 'NEURO', 'EMBRYO', 'HISTOL', 'GENERAL', 'PELVIS']): if len(l.strip()) < 60 and len(l.strip()) > 3: print(f"L{i}: {l.strip()}") PYEOF

cat > /tmp/workspace/qbank/build_pdf.py << 'PYEOF' import pdfplumber from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4 from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle from reportlab.lib.units import cm from reportlab.lib import colors from reportlab.platypus import (SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle, PageBreak, HRFlowable, KeepTogether) from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY import os, re # ── helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── def read_txt(p): with open(p) as f: return f.read() tm_raw = read_txt("/tmp/workspace/qbank/TM_full.txt") haq_raw = read_txt("/tmp/workspace/qbank/HAQ_full.txt") phys_raw = read_txt("/tmp/workspace/qbank/PHYSIOLOGY_full.txt") # strip PAGE markers def strip_pages(t): return re.sub(r'--- PAGE \d+ ---', '', t) tm = strip_pages(tm_raw) haq = strip_pages(haq_raw) ph = strip_pages(phys_raw) # ── extract sections from TM (Anatomy) ─────────────────────────────────────── def extract_section(text, start_marker, end_markers): """Extract text between start_marker and the first end_marker that follows.""" text_upper = text.upper() start = text_upper.find(start_marker.upper()) if start == -1: return "" end = len(text) for em in end_markers: idx = text_upper.find(em.upper(), start + len(start_marker)) if idx != -1 and idx < end: end = idx return text[start:end].strip() # TM Anatomy sections (Paper 1) tm_upper = extract_section(tm, "Upper limb", ["THORAX","HEAD & NECK","LOWER LIMB","NEUROANATOMY","HISTOLOGY","GENERAL ANATOMY","GENERAL EMBRYOLOGy","General physioloGy"]) tm_head_neck = extract_section(tm, "HEAD & NECK", ["ABDOMEN","LOWER LIMB","NEUROANATOMY","HISTOLOGY","GENERAL ANATOMY"]) tm_neuro = extract_section(tm, "NEUROANATOMY", ["HISTOLOGY","GENERAL ANATOMY","GENERAL EMBRYOLOGy"]) tm_histology = extract_section(tm, "HISTOLOGY", ["GENERAL ANATOMY","GENERAL EMBRYOLOGy","SYSTEMIC EMBRYOLOGY"]) tm_gen_anat = extract_section(tm, "GENERAL ANATOMY", ["GENERAL EMBRYOLOGy","SYSTEMIC EMBRYOLOGY"]) tm_gen_embryo= extract_section(tm, "GENERAL EMBRYOLOGy", ["SYSTEMIC EMBRYOLOGY","General physioloGy"]) tm_syst_embryo=extract_section(tm, "SYSTEMIC EMBRYOLOGY", ["General physioloGy"]) # TM Anatomy sections (Paper 2) tm_thorax = extract_section(tm, "THORAX", ["HEAD & NECK","ABDOMEN","LOWER LIMB","NEUROANATOMY"]) tm_abdomen = extract_section(tm, "ABDOMEN & pELVIS", ["NEUROANATOMY","HISTOLOGY","LOWER LIMB"]) tm_lower = extract_section(tm, "LOWER LIMB", ["HEAD & NECK","ABDOMEN","NEUROANATOMY"]) # TM Physiology (starts at "General physioloGy") tm_gen_phys = extract_section(tm, "General physioloGy", ["bLood physioloGy","BLOOD","cardiovascular","carDiovaScUlar"]) tm_blood = extract_section(tm, "bLood physioloGy", ["cardiovascular","carDiovaScUlar","respiratory","resPiratory"]) tm_cardio = extract_section(tm, "carDiovaScUlar", ["respiratory","resPiratory","gastrointestinal","Gastro"]) tm_resp = extract_section(tm, "resPiratory", ["gastrointestinal","Gastro","renal","Renal"]) tm_gastro = extract_section(tm, "Gastro", ["renal","Renal","neUroMUsCUlar"]) tm_renal = extract_section(tm, "Renal", ["neUroMUsCUlar"]) tm_neuro_phy = extract_section(tm, "neUroMUsCUlar", ["neUrophySioloGy","cns","Central"]) tm_neuro2 = extract_section(tm, "neUrophySioloGy", ["reProdUctive","Reproductive","sPecial SenSe","endocrine","Endocrine"]) tm_repro = extract_section(tm, "reProdUctive", ["sPecial SenSe","endocrine","Endocrine","integrated"]) tm_endocrine = extract_section(tm, "endocrine", ["integrated","Integrated"]) tm_integrated= extract_section(tm, "integrated", ["biochemistry","BIOCHEMISTRY"]) # ── HAQ sections ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── haq_upper = extract_section(haq, "UPPER LIMB", ["HEAD AND NECK","HEAD & NECK","THORAX","LOWER LIMB","NEUROANATOMY","HISTOLOGY"]) haq_head = extract_section(haq, "HEAD AND NECK", ["THORAX","LOWER LIMB","NEUROANATOMY","HISTOLOGY"]) if not haq_head.strip(): haq_head = extract_section(haq, "HEAD & NECK", ["THORAX","LOWER LIMB","NEUROANATOMY","HISTOLOGY"]) haq_thorax= extract_section(haq, "THORAX", ["LOWER LIMB","ABDOMEN","NEUROANATOMY"]) haq_lower = extract_section(haq, "LOWER LIMB", ["ABDOMEN","NEUROANATOMY","HISTOLOGY"]) haq_abdomen=extract_section(haq, "ABDOMEN", ["NEUROANATOMY","HISTOLOGY","GENERAL"]) haq_neuro = extract_section(haq, "NEUROANATOMY", ["HISTOLOGY","GENERAL","EMBRYOLOGY"]) haq_hist = extract_section(haq, "HISTOLOGY", ["GENERAL","EMBRYOLOGY"]) haq_embryo= extract_section(haq, "EMBRYOLOGY", ["PHYSIOLOGY","BIOCHEMISTRY"]) # ── PHYSIOLOGY past papers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── # Split by paper code to get biochem paper 1, paper 2, physiology papers def find_papers(text): papers = [] chunks = re.split(r'(PAPER CODE[\s:]*MB\d+|PHYSIOLOGY.*?PAPER.*?[—\-–]\s*[I1II]+)', text, flags=re.IGNORECASE) current = "" for chunk in chunks: current += chunk return text # just return full text for now # ── PDF Build ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── doc = SimpleDocTemplate( "/tmp/workspace/qbank/MBBS_Segregated_Questions.pdf", pagesize=A4, rightMargin=1.8*cm, leftMargin=1.8*cm, topMargin=2*cm, bottomMargin=2*cm ) W = A4[0] - 3.6*cm styles = getSampleStyleSheet() # Custom styles title_style = ParagraphStyle('MainTitle', parent=styles['Title'], fontSize=22, spaceAfter=6, spaceBefore=6, textColor=colors.HexColor('#1a237e'), alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName='Helvetica-Bold') subject_style = ParagraphStyle('Subject', parent=styles['Heading1'], fontSize=16, spaceAfter=4, spaceBefore=14, textColor=colors.white, fontName='Helvetica-Bold', alignment=TA_CENTER, backColor=colors.HexColor('#1a237e')) paper_style = ParagraphStyle('Paper', parent=styles['Heading2'], fontSize=13, spaceAfter=4, spaceBefore=10, textColor=colors.white, fontName='Helvetica-Bold', alignment=TA_CENTER, backColor=colors.HexColor('#0d47a1')) chapter_style = ParagraphStyle('Chapter', parent=styles['Heading2'], fontSize=12, spaceAfter=4, spaceBefore=8, textColor=colors.white, fontName='Helvetica-Bold', backColor=colors.HexColor('#283593'), leftIndent=0) subhead_style = ParagraphStyle('SubHead', parent=styles['Heading3'], fontSize=10, spaceAfter=3, spaceBefore=5, textColor=colors.HexColor('#b71c1c'), fontName='Helvetica-Bold', leftIndent=10) q_style = ParagraphStyle('Question', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=9, spaceAfter=3, spaceBefore=1, leftIndent=18, fontName='Helvetica', leading=13) source_style = ParagraphStyle('Source', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=8, textColor=colors.HexColor('#555555'), leftIndent=30, spaceBefore=0, spaceAfter=4, fontName='Helvetica-Oblique') note_style = ParagraphStyle('Note', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=8.5, textColor=colors.HexColor('#1b5e20'), leftIndent=10, spaceBefore=2, spaceAfter=2, fontName='Helvetica-Oblique') # ── Helper: add coloured box paragraph ─────────────────────────────────────── def subject_box(text, bg='#1a237e'): return Table([[Paragraph(f'<font color="white"><b>{text}</b></font>', ParagraphStyle('t', fontSize=14, alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName='Helvetica-Bold'))]], colWidths=[W], style=TableStyle([ ('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,-1), colors.HexColor(bg)), ('ROUNDEDCORNERS', [4,4,4,4]), ('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 8), ('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 8), ])) def paper_box(text, bg='#0d47a1'): return Table([[Paragraph(f'<font color="white"><b>{text}</b></font>', ParagraphStyle('t', fontSize=12, alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName='Helvetica-Bold'))]], colWidths=[W], style=TableStyle([ ('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,-1), colors.HexColor(bg)), ('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 6), ('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 6), ])) def chapter_box(text, weightage='', bg='#283593'): wt = f' [{weightage} marks]' if weightage else '' return Table([[Paragraph(f'<font color="white"><b>{text}{wt}</b></font>', ParagraphStyle('t', fontSize=11, fontName='Helvetica-Bold', textColor=colors.white))]], colWidths=[W], style=TableStyle([ ('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,-1), colors.HexColor(bg)), ('LEFTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 10), ('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5), ('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5), ])) def section_head(text, color='#b71c1c'): return Paragraph(f'<font color="{color}"><b>▶ {text}</b></font>', subhead_style) def qs(lines_text, source_tag=''): """Parse numbered questions from raw text and return Paragraph list.""" out = [] for line in lines_text.split('\n'): line = line.strip() if not line: continue # escape XML special chars line = line.replace('&','&amp;').replace('<','&lt;').replace('>','&gt;') # bold the stars line = re.sub(r'\*+', lambda m: f'<b>{"★"*min(len(m.group()),5)}</b>', line) out.append(Paragraph(line, q_style)) if source_tag: out.append(Paragraph(f'[Source: {source_tag}]', source_style)) return out def spacer(h=0.2): return Spacer(1, h*cm) def hr(): return HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=0.5, color=colors.HexColor('#90caf9'), spaceAfter=3, spaceBefore=3) # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # BUILD CONTENT # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story = [] # Cover page story.append(spacer(3)) story.append(Table([[Paragraph( '<font color="white"><b>MBBS 1st YEAR</b></font>', ParagraphStyle('cv', fontSize=26, alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName='Helvetica-Bold') )]],colWidths=[W],style=TableStyle([('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,-1),colors.HexColor('#0d47a1')), ('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),14),('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),14)]))) story.append(spacer(0.3)) story.append(Table([[Paragraph( '<font color="white"><b>CHAPTER-WISE SEGREGATED QUESTION BANK</b></font>', ParagraphStyle('cv2', fontSize=16, alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName='Helvetica-Bold') )]],colWidths=[W],style=TableStyle([('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,-1),colors.HexColor('#1565c0')), ('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),10),('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),10)]))) story.append(spacer(0.3)) story.append(Paragraph('<b>📚 Sources:</b> Times Medico (TM) Question Bank &nbsp;|&nbsp; HAQ (Haji Ali Questions) &nbsp;|&nbsp; Previous Year Exam Papers (KNRUHS)', ParagraphStyle('src',fontSize=10,alignment=TA_CENTER,spaceAfter=6))) story.append(Paragraph('<b>🎯 Strategy:</b> Covers all chapters for 60+ marks in each paper', ParagraphStyle('strat',fontSize=10,alignment=TA_CENTER, textColor=colors.HexColor('#b71c1c'), spaceAfter=6))) story.append(spacer(0.5)) # Syllabus summary table syllabus_data = [ [Paragraph('<b>SUBJECT</b>', ParagraphStyle('th',fontSize=9,alignment=TA_CENTER,fontName='Helvetica-Bold')), Paragraph('<b>PAPER</b>', ParagraphStyle('th',fontSize=9,alignment=TA_CENTER,fontName='Helvetica-Bold')), Paragraph('<b>KEY CHAPTERS</b>', ParagraphStyle('th',fontSize=9,fontName='Helvetica-Bold'))], ['ANATOMY', 'Paper 1', 'Neuroanatomy • Head & Neck • Upper Limb • General Histology • General Embryology • CSH • CE'], ['ANATOMY', 'Paper 2', 'Thorax • Abdomen & Pelvis • Lower Limb • CSH • CE • General Anatomy • Genetics'], ['PHYSIOLOGY', 'Paper 1', 'General Physiology • Blood • Cardiovascular • Respiratory • Gastrointestinal • Renal'], ['PHYSIOLOGY', 'Paper 2', 'Nerve-Muscle • Neurophysiology(CNS) • Special Senses • Reproductive • Endocrine • Integrated'], ['BIOCHEMISTRY', 'Paper 1', 'Cell & Membrane • Enzymes • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Bio-Oxidation • Vitamins • Minerals • Nutrition'], ['BIOCHEMISTRY', 'Paper 2', 'Amino acids/Proteins • Plasma Proteins • Nucleotides • Molecular Biology • Cancer • Haeme • Hormones'], ] t = Table(syllabus_data, colWidths=[2.8*cm,2*cm,W-4.8*cm]) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,0),colors.HexColor('#1a237e')), ('TEXTCOLOR',(0,0),(-1,0),colors.white), ('FONTNAME',(0,0),(-1,0),'Helvetica-Bold'), ('FONTSIZE',(0,0),(-1,-1),8), ('GRID',(0,0),(-1,-1),0.5,colors.grey), ('ROWBACKGROUNDS',(0,1),(-1,-1),[colors.HexColor('#e8eaf6'),colors.white]), ('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4),('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4), ('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),6), ])) story.append(t) story.append(PageBreak()) # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # ANATOMY PAPER 1 # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story.append(subject_box('📖 ANATOMY', '#1a237e')) story.append(spacer(0.2)) story.append(paper_box('PAPER 1 | Total: ~100 marks', '#0d47a1')) story.append(spacer(0.2)) # Chapter 1 – Upper Limb (15+5) story.append(chapter_box('1. UPPER LIMB', '15+5')) story.append(spacer(0.1)) story.append(section_head('LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (LAQ)')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe Brachial Plexus – Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords & Branches. Applied aspects. [16I, 17I, 19, AP21] 2. ★★★★★ Describe Mammary Gland – Extent & Situation, Structure, Deep Relations, Vascular Supply & Lymphatic Drainage. Applied aspects. [AP20, API20, TS21, AP22, TSI23] 3. ★★★★★ Describe Median Nerve – Formation, Course, Branches, Relations & Applied Anatomy. [17, 18I, TS23] 4. ★★★★★ Describe Radial Nerve – Formation, Course, Branches, Relations & Applied Anatomy. [17, 18I, TS23] 5. ★★★★★ Describe Ulnar Nerve – Formation, Course, Branches, Relations & Applied Anatomy. [17, 18I, TS23] 6. ★★★★★ Describe Shoulder Joint – Type, Articular Surfaces, Ligaments, Relations, V&N Supply, Anastomosis, Movements & Applied Aspects. [15I, TSI19, API20, TSI22, API21, API22, TSI20] 7. ★★★ Describe Elbow Joint – Type, Articular Surfaces, Ligaments, Relations, V&N Supply, Movements & Applied Aspects. [AP23] 8. ★★★ Describe Axillary Artery – Formation, Course, Termination, Branches, Relations. Anastomosis around Scapula. 9. ★★★★★ Radial Artery – Origin, Course, Termination, Relations, Branches. Arterial pulses in upper extremity. [TSI21] 10. ★★★★★ Brachial Artery – Origin, Course, Termination, Relations, Branches. [TS22] """, 'TM + HAQ')) story.append(section_head('SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (SAQ)')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★ Musculocutaneous Nerve 2. ★★★★★ Axillary Nerve – Origin, Root value, course, branches, clinical correlation 3. ★★★ Axillary Lymph Nodes 4. ★★★ Flexor Retinaculum 5. ★★★★★ Lumbricals 6. ★★★ Proximal and Distal Radioulnar Joint 7. ★★★★★ Clavipectoral Fascia and structures piercing it 8. ★★★★★ 1st Carpometacarpal Joint 9. ★★★★★ Cubital Fossa 10. ★ Palmar Aponeurosis 11. ★ Fascial Spaces of Hand 12. ★★★ Median Cubital Vein 13. ★★★ Superficial and Deep Palmar Arches 14. OINA of Pectoralis Major & Pectoralis Minor 15. ★★★ OINA of Serratus Anterior + Winging of Scapula 16. ★★★★★ Rotator Cuff (with neat labelled diagram) 17. ★★★ Intermuscular spaces – Quadrangular Space, Upper & Lower Triangular Spaces """, 'TM + HAQ')) story.append(section_head('VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (VSAQ)')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Anatomical Snuff Box 2. ★★★ Rotator Cuff Muscles (attachments) 3. ★★★★★ Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 4. ★ Triangle of Auscultation 5. ★★★★★ Scaphoid Fracture 6. ★★★ Intermuscular Spaces of Arm & Contents 7. ★★★ Whitlow 8. ★★★★★ Supination & Pronation 9. ★★★ Peculiarities of Clavicle 10. ★★★★★ Attachments related to Coracoid Process 11. ★★★ Attachments of Greater Tubercle of Humerus 12. ★★★★★ Winging of Scapula 13. ★★★★★ Nerves related to Humerus 14. ★★★ Anatomical basis of Claw Hand 15. ★ Forearm Space of Parona OINA of muscles: Biceps brachii, Coracobrachialis, Deltoid, Supinator, Pronator Teres, Brachioradialis, Triceps brachii """, 'TM + HAQ')) story.append(hr()) story.append(spacer(0.1)) # Chapter 2 – Head & Neck (15+5+3+3+3) story.append(chapter_box('2. HEAD AND NECK', '15+5+3+3+3')) story.append(spacer(0.1)) story.append(section_head('LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (LAQ)')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe the Parotid Gland – Location, Extent, Relations, Structure, Blood Supply, Nerve Supply, Lymphatic Drainage, Duct & Applied Anatomy. [AP23, TSI22] 2. ★★★★★ Describe Thyroid Gland – Position, Relations, Blood Supply, Lymphatic Drainage, Nerve Supply, Histology & Applied Anatomy. 3. ★★★★★ Describe the Submandibular Salivary Gland. 4. ★★★★★ Describe the Triangles of the Neck (Anterior Triangle / Posterior Triangle). 5. ★★★★★ Describe the Temporomandibular Joint. 6. ★★★★★ Describe the Cavernous Sinus – Location, Boundaries, Relations, Contents & Applied Anatomy. 7. ★★★★★ Describe Facial Nerve – Origin, Course, Branches, Applied Anatomy (Bell's palsy). 8. ★★★★★ Describe the Internal Carotid Artery / External Carotid Artery. 9. ★★★ Describe the Infratemporal Fossa. 10. ★★★ Describe the Pterygoid Venous Plexus. """, 'TM + HAQ')) story.append(section_head('SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (SAQ)')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Cervical Sympathetic Chain 2. ★★★★★ Hyoid Bone 3. ★★★★★ Pharynx (Nasopharynx / Oropharynx / Laryngopharynx) 4. ★★★ Sternocleidomastoid muscle – OINA 5. ★★★★★ Internal Jugular Vein 6. ★★★ Ansa Cervicalis 7. ★★★ Structures passing through Foramen Ovale / Foramen Spinosum 8. ★★★★★ Cricothyroid membrane – Applied anatomy (emergency airway) 9. ★★★ Tonsil – blood supply & applied anatomy 10. ★★★★★ Pterygopalatine Fossa – contents """, 'TM + HAQ')) story.append(section_head('VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (VSAQ)')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Waldeyer's Ring 2. ★★★★★ Pretracheal Fascia 3. ★★★ Killian's Dehiscence 4. ★★★★★ Hasner's Valve 5. ★★★ Frey's Syndrome 6. ★★★ Dangerous Area of Face 7. ★★★★★ Nerve supply of Tongue 8. ★★★★★ Blood supply of Nasal Septum (Kiesselbach's area / Little's area) 9. ★★★ Circle of Willis 10. ★★★★★ Structures passing through Superior Orbital Fissure """, 'TM + HAQ')) story.append(hr()) story.append(spacer(0.1)) # Chapter 3 – Neuroanatomy (5+5+3+3+3) story.append(chapter_box('3. NEUROANATOMY', '5+5+3+3+3')) story.append(spacer(0.1)) story.append(section_head('LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (LAQ)')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe the Internal Capsule – Parts, Fiber arrangement & Applied Anatomy (Capsular Haemorrhage). 2. ★★★★★ Describe the Medulla Oblongata – External Features, Internal Structure at level of decussation, Olive & Applied Anatomy. 3. ★★★★★ Describe Cerebellum – Lobes, Folia, Internal Structure, Connections & Functions. Applied aspects (Cerebellar lesion signs). 4. ★★★★★ Describe Cerebral Cortex – Layers, Areas (Motor, Sensory, Visual, Auditory) & Applied Anatomy. 5. ★★★★★ Describe the Thalamus – Nuclei, Connections & Functions. 6. ★★★ Describe Hypothalamus – Nuclei & Functions. Histology. 7. ★★★ Describe the Midbrain at the level of Superior Colliculus / Inferior Colliculus. 8. ★★★ Describe Upper Pons / Lower Pons internal structure. """, 'TM')) story.append(section_head('SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (SAQ)')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Blood-Brain Barrier 2. ★★★★★ Circle of Willis – formation and applied anatomy 3. ★★★★★ Limbic System 4. ★★★★★ Corpus Callosum 5. ★★★ Reticular Formation 6. ★★★★★ Ventricular System / CSF circulation 7. ★★★ Basal Ganglia – components and functions 8. ★★★ Decussation of Pyramids 9. ★★★★★ Dorsal Column – Medial Lemniscus Pathway 10. ★★★ Spinothalamic Tract """, 'TM')) story.append(hr()) story.append(spacer(0.1)) # Chapter 4 – General Histology (5+3) story.append(chapter_box('4. GENERAL HISTOLOGY', '5+3')) story.append(spacer(0.1)) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe Epithelium – Types, Classification & Applied Anatomy. 2. ★★★★★ Describe Connective Tissue – Types, Cells & Fibres. 3. ★★★★★ Describe Cartilage – Types (Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage) & Applied aspects. 4. ★★★★★ Describe Bone – Compact vs Cancellous; Haversian system; Histology of compact bone. 5. ★★★★★ Describe Muscle (Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth) – Histology & differences. 6. ★★★★★ Describe Nerve – Myelinated vs Unmyelinated; Wallerian degeneration. 7. ★★★ Describe Skin – Layers; Thick vs Thin skin. 8. ★★★ Describe Lymph node histology. 9. SAQ: Mast cells | Plasma cells | Adipose tissue | Reticuloendothelial system """, 'TM')) story.append(hr()) story.append(spacer(0.1)) # Chapter 5 – General Embryology (5+3) story.append(chapter_box('5. GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY', '5+3')) story.append(spacer(0.1)) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe the First Week of Development – Fertilization, Cleavage, Blastocyst formation. 2. ★★★★★ Describe the Second Week of Development – Bilaminar germ disc, Amniotic cavity, Yolk sac. 3. ★★★★★ Describe Gastrulation – Formation of Trilaminar germ disc; Derivatives of each germ layer. 4. ★★★★★ Describe Neurulation – Formation of Neural tube; Neural crest cells & derivatives. 5. ★★★★★ Describe Placenta – Structure, Functions, Circulation & Applied aspects (Placenta praevia, Abruption). 6. ★★★ Describe Fetal Circulation and its changes at birth. 7. ★★★ Describe Derivatives of the Pharyngeal Arches (1st to 6th). 8. SAQ: Notochord | Somites | Decidua | Trophoblast | Ectopic pregnancy """, 'TM')) story.append(hr()) story.append(spacer(0.1)) # Chapter 6 – Concerned Systemic Histology (5+3) story.append(chapter_box('6. CONCERNED SYSTEMIC HISTOLOGY (Paper 1)', '5+3')) story.append(spacer(0.1)) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Histology of Skin / Trachea / Lung / Oesophagus / Stomach / Small Intestine / Large Intestine 2. ★★★★★ Histology of Liver / Pancreas / Kidney / Adrenal Gland / Thyroid / Testis / Ovary 3. ★★★ Histology of Heart / Spleen / Lymph Node / Thymus 4. SAQ: Meissner's plexus | Auerbach's plexus | Juxtaglomerular apparatus | Islets of Langerhans """, 'TM')) story.append(hr()) # Chapter 7 – Concerned Embryology (5+3) story.append(chapter_box('7. CONCERNED EMBRYOLOGY (Paper 1)', '5+3')) story.append(spacer(0.1)) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Development of Heart – Looping, Septum formation, Common congenital defects (VSD, ASD, TOF). 2. ★★★★★ Development of Gut – Foregut / Midgut / Hindgut derivatives. 3. ★★★★★ Development of Kidney (Pronephros, Mesonephros, Metanephros). 4. ★★★★★ Development of Diaphragm – Parts & Applied (CDH). 5. ★★★ Development of Face & Palate – Cleft lip/palate. 6. SAQ: Meckel's diverticulum | Hypospadias | Patent Urachus | Horseshoe Kidney """, 'TM')) story.append(PageBreak()) # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # ANATOMY PAPER 2 # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story.append(subject_box('📖 ANATOMY', '#1a237e')) story.append(spacer(0.2)) story.append(paper_box('PAPER 2 | Total: ~100 marks', '#0d47a1')) story.append(spacer(0.2)) # Thorax story.append(chapter_box('1. THORAX', '5+5+3+3+3+3')) story.append(spacer(0.1)) story.append(section_head('LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (LAQ)')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe the Heart – External Features, Chambers, Blood Supply, Nerve Supply, Conducting System & Applied Anatomy. 2. ★★★★★ Describe the Lung – Lobes, Fissures, Root, Hilum, Blood Supply, Lymphatics & Applied Anatomy (Bronchopulmonary segments). 3. ★★★★★ Describe the Pericardium – Layers, Sinuses, Blood Supply & Applied Anatomy (Cardiac Tamponade). 4. ★★★★★ Describe the Trachea – Position, Relations, Structure, Blood Supply & Applied Anatomy. 5. ★★★ Describe the Intercostal Space – Muscles, Vessels, Nerves & Applied Anatomy. 6. ★★★ Describe Thoracic Duct – Formation, Course, Termination & Applied Anatomy. """, 'TM + HAQ')) story.append(section_head('SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (SAQ)')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Arch of Aorta – Branches & Relations 2. ★★★★★ Superior Vena Cava – formation, tributaries 3. ★★★★★ Azygos Vein – formation, tributaries, applied 4. ★★★ Diaphragm – Origin, Insertion, Nerve supply, Apertures & contents 5. ★★★★★ Coronary Arteries – Left & Right (dominant circulation) 6. ★★★ Conducting System of Heart 7. ★★★ Pleura – Parietal & Visceral; Recesses; Applied (Pleural effusion, Pneumothorax) 8. ★★★★★ Sternal Angle (Angle of Louis) – Applied significance 9. ★★★ Oesophagus – course, relations, constrictions """, 'TM + HAQ')) story.append(hr()) # Abdomen & Pelvis story.append(chapter_box('2. ABDOMEN AND PELVIS', '15+5+3+3')) story.append(spacer(0.1)) story.append(section_head('LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (LAQ)')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe the Liver – Lobes, Surfaces, Ligaments, Blood Supply, Lymphatic Drainage, Nerve Supply, Porta Hepatis & Applied Anatomy. [AP23, TSI22] 2. ★★★★★ Describe the Kidney – Position, Relations, Blood Supply, Lymphatic Drainage, Nerve Supply & Applied Anatomy (Nephrectomy). 3. ★★★★★ Describe the Stomach – Position, Parts, Relations, Blood Supply, Nerve Supply, Lymphatic Drainage & Applied Anatomy. 4. ★★★★★ Describe the Duodenum – Parts, Relations, Blood Supply & Applied Anatomy. 5. ★★★★★ Describe the Inguinal Canal – Walls (anterior, posterior, floor, roof), Contents, Applied Anatomy (Inguinal Hernia). 6. ★★★★★ Describe the Urinary Bladder – Position, Relations, Blood Supply, Nerve Supply & Applied Anatomy (Male vs Female). 7. ★★★ Describe the Pancreas – Parts, Relations, Ducts, Blood Supply & Applied Anatomy. 8. ★★★ Describe the Uterus – Position, Relations, Ligaments, Blood Supply & Lymphatics. """, 'TM + HAQ')) story.append(section_head('SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (SAQ)')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Portal Vein – Formation, Tributaries, Portosystemic anastomoses 2. ★★★★★ Mesentery – Attachments, Contents 3. ★★★ Greater Omentum – Structure and applied anatomy 4. ★★★★★ Femoral Canal & Femoral Ring – applied anatomy (femoral hernia) 5. ★★★ Spleen – Position, Relations, Blood supply, Applied anatomy 6. ★★★ Rectum – Parts, Relations, Blood supply, Applied anatomy (haemorrhoids) 7. ★★★★★ Epiploic Foramen (Foramen of Winslow) – Boundaries 8. ★★★ Suprarenal Gland – Location, Blood supply, Nerve supply 9. ★★★★★ Pelvic Floor – Levator Ani (parts, origin, insertion, nerve supply) 10. ★★★ Broad Ligament – layers and contents """, 'TM + HAQ')) story.append(hr()) # Lower Limb story.append(chapter_box('3. LOWER LIMB', '15+5')) story.append(spacer(0.1)) story.append(section_head('LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (LAQ)')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe the Hip Joint – Type, Articular Surfaces, Ligaments, Relations, Blood Supply, Nerve Supply, Movements & Applied Anatomy. [AP22, TSI23] 2. ★★★★★ Describe the Knee Joint – Type, Articular Surfaces, Ligaments (ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL), Bursae, Blood Supply & Applied Anatomy. 3. ★★★★★ Describe the Femoral Triangle – Boundaries, Contents, Applied Anatomy. 4. ★★★★★ Describe the Sciatic Nerve – Origin, Course, Branches & Applied Anatomy. 5. ★★★★★ Describe the Femoral Artery – Origin, Course, Branches & Applied Anatomy (Femoral pulse). 6. ★★★ Describe the Popliteal Fossa – Boundaries, Contents & Applied Anatomy. 7. ★★★ Describe the Adductor Canal – Boundaries, Contents & Applied Anatomy. """, 'TM + HAQ')) story.append(section_head('SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (SAQ)')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Femoral Nerve – Root value, course, branches, applied 2. ★★★★★ Obturator Nerve – Root value, course, branches, applied 3. ★★★ Common Peroneal Nerve – course & applied (foot drop) 4. ★★★★★ Plantar Fascia / Plantar Aponeurosis 5. ★★★ Blood supply of Head of Femur – Applied (avascular necrosis) 6. ★★★★★ Saphenous Vein – Long & Short (applied: varicose veins) 7. ★★★ Arches of Foot – types, muscles maintaining, applied (flat foot) 8. ★★★ Ankle Joint – Ligaments & Applied (Pott's fracture) 9. ★★★★★ Gluteus Medius – OINA & Applied (Trendelenburg test) """, 'TM + HAQ')) story.append(hr()) # General Anatomy (Paper 2) story.append(chapter_box('6. GENERAL ANATOMY', '5+3+3')) story.append(spacer(0.1)) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Joints – Classification (Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial); Movements; Applied aspects. 2. ★★★★★ Muscle Types – Origin, Insertion, Nerve Supply, Action; Motor unit; Applied. 3. ★★★★★ Neurons – Types, Structure, Function; Nerve fiber classification. 4. ★★★ Dermatomes – Definition, Importance, Applied (testing). 5. ★★★★★ Lymphatics – Lymph vessels; Lymph nodes; Functions; Applied. 6. ★★★ Arteries vs Veins – structural differences; Anastomosis; End artery. 7. ★★★ Fasciae – Deep and superficial; Clinical importance. """, 'TM')) story.append(hr()) # Genetics story.append(chapter_box('7. GENETICS', '5+3+3')) story.append(spacer(0.1)) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe Karyotype – Normal male/female; Chromosomal abnormalities (Down syndrome, Turner, Klinefelter). 2. ★★★★★ Autosomal dominant vs autosomal recessive inheritance – examples. 3. ★★★ X-linked inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness. 4. ★★★ Pedigree analysis – symbols, pattern recognition. 5. ★★★ Mitosis vs Meiosis – differences, significance. 6. SAQ: Barr body | Lyon's hypothesis | Philadelphia chromosome | Gene mutation types """, 'TM')) story.append(PageBreak()) # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # PHYSIOLOGY PAPER 1 # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story.append(subject_box('🔬 PHYSIOLOGY', '#1b5e20')) story.append(spacer(0.2)) story.append(paper_box('PAPER 1 | Total: ~100 marks', '#2e7d32')) story.append(spacer(0.2)) story.append(chapter_box('1. GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY – Cell & Membrane', '15', '#2e7d32')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#1b5e20')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe the Structure of Cell Membrane – Fluid mosaic model, components, functions. 2. ★★★★★ Describe the Transport across Cell Membrane – Active transport (primary/secondary), Passive transport, Facilitated diffusion, Osmosis, Exocytosis, Endocytosis. 3. ★★★★★ Resting Membrane Potential – Ionic basis, Nernst equation, Goldman equation. 4. ★★★★★ Action Potential – Phases, Ionic basis, Absolute & Relative refractory period, Conduction velocity. 5. ★★★★★ Receptor Physiology – Types of receptors, signal transduction pathways (G-protein, Enzyme-linked, Ion channel). 6. ★★★ Cytoskeleton – Microfilaments, Microtubules, Intermediate filaments & their functions. 7. SAQ: Mitochondria | Lysosome | Endoplasmic reticulum | Golgi apparatus – structure & function. 8. VSAQ: Pinocytosis | Phagocytosis | Cotransport | Counter-transport | Second messengers (cAMP, IP3, DAG) """, 'TM Physiology')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('2. BLOOD (HAEMATOLOGY)', '15', '#2e7d32')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#1b5e20')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe Haemopoiesis – Sites at different ages; Erythropoiesis stages; Role of Erythropoietin. 2. ★★★★★ Describe Haemoglobin – Structure, Types (HbA, HbA2, HbF), Functions, Oxygen dissociation curve (factors shifting). 3. ★★★★★ Describe Blood Coagulation – Intrinsic & Extrinsic pathways; Common pathway; Fibrinolysis; Anticoagulants. 4. ★★★★★ Describe Blood Groups (ABO & Rh system) – Antigen, Antibody, Cross matching, Blood transfusion reactions, Rh incompatibility. 5. ★★★★★ Describe Platelets – Production, Life span, Functions, Disorders (ITP, TTP). 6. ★★★ Describe Plasma Proteins – Types, Functions, Clinical significance. 7. ★★★ Anaemia – Classification, Pathophysiology of Iron deficiency, Megaloblastic, Haemolytic anaemia. 8. SAQ: Leucopoiesis | Lymphopoiesis | ESR | Reticulocyte count 9. VSAQ: Heinz bodies | Howell-Jolly bodies | Spherocytosis | Sickling test | Bone marrow examination """, 'TM Physiology')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('3. CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY', '20', '#2e7d32')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#1b5e20')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe the Cardiac Cycle – Phases, Pressure-volume changes, Heart sounds. 2. ★★★★★ Cardiac Output – Definition, Measurement (Fick's principle, dye dilution), Factors affecting, Starling's law. 3. ★★★★★ Electrocardiography (ECG) – Normal ECG waves, intervals, segments; Leads; Applied (MI, arrhythmias). 4. ★★★★★ Regulation of Blood Pressure – Short-term (baroreceptors, chemoreceptors) and Long-term (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, ADH). 5. ★★★★★ Arterial Blood Pressure – Normal values, Measurement, Hypertension definition & types. 6. ★★★★★ Describe the Microcirculation – Capillary exchange; Starling's forces; Oedema. 7. ★★★ Coronary Circulation – Blood flow, Regulation, Applied (angina, MI). 8. ★★★ Venous Return – Factors facilitating; Central venous pressure. 9. SAQ: Cardiac reserve | Frank-Starling law | Preload & Afterload | Cardiac index 10. VSAQ: Pulse pressure | Mean arterial pressure | Korotkoff sounds | Ventricular fibrillation """, 'TM Physiology')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('4. RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY', '15', '#2e7d32')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#1b5e20')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe Lung Volumes and Capacities – All volumes/capacities with normal values, Spirometry, Uses. 2. ★★★★★ Transport of Oxygen – O2-Hb dissociation curve, P50, Bohr effect, Factors affecting, 2,3-DPG. 3. ★★★★★ Transport of Carbon Dioxide – Forms (carbamino, bicarbonate, dissolved), Haldane effect, Chloride shift. 4. ★★★★★ Regulation of Respiration – Central (medullary, pontine centres) and Peripheral chemoreceptors. 5. ★★★★★ Ventilation-Perfusion ratio – Normal V/Q, Zones of lung, Applied (pulmonary embolism, ARDS). 6. ★★★ Surfactant – Composition, Functions, Deficiency (IRDS in newborn). 7. ★★★ Dead Space – Anatomical vs Physiological; Measurement (Bohr equation). 8. SAQ: Compliance | Airway resistance | Diffusing capacity (DLCO) | Spirometry values 9. VSAQ: Apnoea vs Dyspnoea | Cheyne-Stokes breathing | Apneustic breathing | Biot's breathing """, 'TM Physiology')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('5. GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY', '15', '#2e7d32')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#1b5e20')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe Gastric Secretion – Cells (chief, parietal, mucous, G-cells), Components, Regulation (neural/hormonal phases: cephalic, gastric, intestinal). 2. ★★★★★ Describe Pancreatic Secretion – Composition, Regulation (secretin, CCK), Clinical (pancreatitis). 3. ★★★★★ Describe Digestion & Absorption of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats. 4. ★★★★★ Gastrointestinal Hormones – Gastrin, Secretin, CCK, GIP, Motilin – source, stimulus, action. 5. ★★★ Saliva – Composition, Functions, Regulation. 6. ★★★ Movements of GI Tract – Peristalsis, Segmentation, Mass movement, Haustrations. 7. SAQ: Bile – composition, functions, enterohepatic circulation | Defaecation reflex 8. VSAQ: Brush border enzymes | Intrinsic factor | Ileocaecal valve """, 'TM Physiology')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('6. RENAL AND EXCRETORY PHYSIOLOGY', '15', '#2e7d32')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#1b5e20')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe GFR – Definition, Normal value, Measurement (inulin clearance, creatinine clearance), Factors affecting. 2. ★★★★★ Describe Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion – Proximal tubule, Loop of Henle (counter-current multiplier), Distal tubule, Collecting duct. 3. ★★★★★ Concentration and Dilution of Urine – Counter-current mechanism, Role of ADH. 4. ★★★★★ Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance – Bicarbonate reabsorption, H+ secretion, Ammonia buffer. 5. ★★★★★ Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) – Steps, Actions, Clinical significance. 6. ★★★ Micturition – Reflex, Voluntary control, Applied (incontinence, retention). 7. SAQ: Tm for glucose | Anion gap | Plasma osmolality | Specific gravity of urine 8. VSAQ: Juxtaglomerular apparatus | Macula densa | Vasa recta | Osmotic diuresis """, 'TM Physiology')) story.append(PageBreak()) # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # PHYSIOLOGY PAPER 2 # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story.append(subject_box('🔬 PHYSIOLOGY', '#1b5e20')) story.append(spacer(0.2)) story.append(paper_box('PAPER 2 | Total: ~100 marks', '#2e7d32')) story.append(spacer(0.2)) story.append(chapter_box('1. NERVE-MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY', '20', '#2e7d32')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#1b5e20')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Neuromuscular Junction – Structure, Events at NMJ, Role of ACh, Applied (Myasthenia Gravis, Curare). 2. ★★★★★ Mechanism of Skeletal Muscle Contraction – Sliding filament theory, Excitation-contraction coupling, Role of Ca2+, Cross-bridge cycle, ATP. 3. ★★★★★ Types of Muscle Contraction – Isotonic vs Isometric; Twitch, Summation, Tetanus. 4. ★★★★★ Properties of Nerve – Excitability, Conductivity; Compound action potential; Classification of nerve fibers (A, B, C). 5. ★★★ Smooth Muscle – Types (single-unit vs multi-unit), Contraction mechanism differences from skeletal. 6. ★★★ Electromyography (EMG) – Principle and applications. 7. SAQ: Motor unit | Neurotrophism | Fatigue | Contracture | Rigor mortis 8. VSAQ: All-or-none law | Chronaxie & Rheobase | Strength-duration curve | Saltatory conduction """, 'TM Physiology')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('2. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY (CNS)', '35', '#2e7d32')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#1b5e20')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe the Reflex Arc – Components, Types (Monosynaptic/Polysynaptic), Properties, Clinical significance. 2. ★★★★★ Describe the Stretch Reflex and Muscle Spindle – Structure of muscle spindle, gamma motor neurons, Applied (deep tendon reflexes, hypotonia/hypertonia). 3. ★★★★★ Describe the Cerebellum – Connections (afferent & efferent), Functions, Signs of cerebellar dysfunction (DASHING). 4. ★★★★★ Describe the Basal Ganglia – Circuit, Functions, Applied (Parkinsonism, Huntington's disease, Hemiballismus). 5. ★★★★★ Describe the Limbic System – Components, Functions (emotion, memory), Papez circuit. 6. ★★★★★ Describe the Thalamus – Nuclei, Relay functions, Applied (thalamic syndrome). 7. ★★★★★ Sleep – Stages (NREM, REM), EEG changes, Functions of sleep, Disorders. 8. ★★★★★ Pain – Types (fast/slow), Pathways, Gate control theory, Endogenous opioids, Referred pain. 9. ★★★ Higher cortical functions – Memory types, Language (Broca's, Wernicke's areas), Dominant hemisphere. 10. ★★★ Autonomic Nervous System – Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic (origin, ganglia, neurotransmitters, receptors, effects on organs). 11. SAQ: Synaptic transmission | IPSP & EPSP | Renshaw cells | Clasp-knife rigidity | Decerebrate rigidity 12. VSAQ: Babinski sign | Romberg's sign | Nystagmus | EEG waves (alpha, beta, theta, delta) """, 'TM Physiology')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('3. SPECIAL SENSES', '(Included in Neurophysiology – 35)', '#2e7d32')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#1b5e20')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Vision – Photoreceptors (rods & cones), Visual pathway, Visual fields & defects, Accommodation reflex. 2. ★★★★★ Hearing – Sound transduction, Cochlear function, Hair cells, Auditory pathway, Audiometry. 3. ★★★ Taste (Gustation) – Taste buds, Primary tastes, Pathway. 4. ★★★ Smell (Olfaction) – Olfactory epithelium, Pathway. 5. SAQ: Vestibular apparatus – role in balance and posture | Semicircular canals | Otolith organs """, 'TM Physiology')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('4. REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY', '15', '#2e7d32')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#1b5e20')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe Spermatogenesis – Stages, Hormonal control (FSH, LH, Testosterone), Sertoli cells, Applied (male infertility). 2. ★★★★★ Describe Oogenesis and Menstrual Cycle – Phases (menstrual, follicular, ovulation, luteal), Hormonal changes (FSH, LH, Oestrogen, Progesterone), LH surge. 3. ★★★★★ Describe Pregnancy – HCG, Placental hormones, Physiological changes, Parturition reflex. 4. ★★★ Describe Lactation – Prolactin, Oxytocin, Milk ejection reflex. 5. ★★★ Puberty – Changes, Hormonal basis, Precocious puberty. 6. SAQ: Neuroendocrine reflexes | Corpus luteum | Inhibin | GnRH pulse generator """, 'TM Physiology')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('5. ENDOCRINE PHYSIOLOGY', '15', '#2e7d32')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#1b5e20')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe the Thyroid Hormone – Synthesis, Regulation (TRH-TSH-T3/T4 axis), Functions, Applied (Hypothyroidism: cretinism/myxoedema; Hyperthyroidism: Graves' disease). 2. ★★★★★ Describe Insulin – Structure, Synthesis, Secretion, Actions, Applied (Type 1 & Type 2 DM, Hypoglycaemia). 3. ★★★★★ Describe Cortisol – Synthesis (from cholesterol), Regulation (ACTH), Actions, Applied (Cushing's syndrome, Addison's disease). 4. ★★★★★ Describe Growth Hormone – Actions, Regulation (GHRH, somatostatin), Applied (gigantism, acromegaly, dwarfism). 5. ★★★ Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) & Calcitonin – Regulation of Ca2+ and phosphate. 6. ★★★ ADH (Vasopressin) – Synthesis, Release, Actions (V1/V2 receptors), Applied (DI, SIADH). 7. SAQ: Aldosterone | Adrenaline vs Noradrenaline | Calcitriol | Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) 8. VSAQ: Feedback regulation | Second messengers in hormone action | Receptor downregulation """, 'TM Physiology')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('6. INTEGRATED PHYSIOLOGY', '10', '#2e7d32')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#1b5e20')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Exercise Physiology – Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Metabolic changes; VO2 max; Training effects. 2. ★★★★★ Temperature Regulation – Core vs shell temperature; Mechanisms of heat gain/loss; Fever; Hypothermia. 3. ★★★ High Altitude Physiology – Acclimatization; Changes in respiration, blood, cardiovascular system. 4. ★★★ Deep Sea/Diving Physiology – Pressure changes, Decompression sickness, O2 toxicity. 5. SAQ: BMR – definition, measurement, factors | Calorimetry (direct & indirect) | Respiratory quotient """, 'TM Physiology')) story.append(PageBreak()) # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # BIOCHEMISTRY PAPER 1 # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story.append(subject_box('🧪 BIOCHEMISTRY', '#4a148c')) story.append(spacer(0.2)) story.append(paper_box('PAPER 1 | Total: ~100 marks', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(spacer(0.2)) story.append(chapter_box('1. CELL, CELLULAR ORGANELLES, STRUCTURE OF CELL MEMBRANE & TRANSPORT', '5', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe the Cell Membrane (Fluid Mosaic Model) – components (phospholipids, cholesterol, glycoproteins, glycolipids), properties. 2. ★★★★★ Transport across cell membrane – Active transport (Na-K ATPase), passive transport, facilitated diffusion, osmosis. 3. ★★★ Cellular organelles – Mitochondria structure and function; Endoplasmic reticulum (rough/smooth); Ribosomes; Lysosomes; Peroxisomes. 4. MCQ topics: Anomeric carbon of fructose | Fluid mosaic model details | Powerhouse of cell """, 'PHYSIOLOGY PDF (Past Papers) + TM')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('2. ENZYMES', '12', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe Enzyme Inhibition – Types (Competitive, Non-competitive, Uncompetitive, Irreversible); Michaelis-Menten kinetics; Lineweaver-Burk plot; Examples with therapeutic significance. 2. ★★★★★ Enzyme Kinetics – Km, Vmax; Allosteric enzymes; Cooperative kinetics; Sigmoidal curve. 3. ★★★★★ Coenzymes and Cofactors – examples for each vitamin-derived coenzyme. 4. ★★★★★ Isoenzymes – definition, examples (LDH, CPK/CK isoenzymes); Clinical significance in MI, haemolytic anaemia, leukaemia. 5. ★★★★★ Enzyme profile in liver diseases – AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, LDH; clinical significance. 6. ★★★ Regulation of enzyme activity – Allosteric regulation, Covalent modification (phosphorylation), Zymogen activation. 7. MCQ: LDH elevated in – MI, haemolytic anaemia, leukaemia (all of the above) | Enzymes reduce activation energy """, 'PHYSIOLOGY PDF (Past Papers)')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('3. CHEMISTRY & METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES', '18', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway) – Steps, Enzymes, Energy yield, Regulation. 2. ★★★★★ Describe TCA Cycle (Krebs Cycle) – Steps, Enzymes, Energy yield (ATP, NADH, FADH2), Regulation, Anaplerotic reactions. 3. ★★★★★ Describe Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis – Steps, Enzymes, Hormonal regulation (insulin, glucagon, adrenaline). 4. ★★★★★ Glycogen Storage Disorders – Classification (Von Gierke, Pompe, McArdle, Cori, Hers disease). 5. ★★★★★ HMP Shunt (Pentose Phosphate Pathway) – Significance, NADPH uses, G6PD deficiency. 6. ★★★★★ Gluconeogenesis – Substrates, Key enzymes, Cori cycle, Regulation. 7. ★★★ Fructose and Galactose metabolism – Essential fructosuria, Hereditary fructose intolerance, Galactosaemia. 8. MCQ: Glycogen phosphorylase product = Glucose-1-phosphate | HMG CoA reductase is key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis """, 'PHYSIOLOGY PDF (Past Papers)')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('4. CHEMISTRY & METABOLISM OF LIPIDS', '18', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe Fatty Acid Synthesis – Steps (acetyl CoA → malonyl CoA → palmitate), enzymes (FAS complex), regulation. 2. ★★★★★ Describe Beta-Oxidation of Fatty Acids – Activation, transport into mitochondria (carnitine shuttle), Steps, Energy yield from palmitate. 3. ★★★★★ Describe Cholesterol Synthesis – Steps, Key enzyme (HMG CoA reductase), Regulation, Products (bile acids, steroid hormones, Vit D). 4. ★★★★★ Describe Lipoproteins – Classification (chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL), Apolipoproteins, Transport of TAG, LDL & HDL clinical significance, Dyslipidaemias. 5. ★★★★★ Ketone Body Formation (Ketogenesis) – Steps, Utilization, Conditions (starvation, DM), Diabetic ketoacidosis. 6. ★★★ Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, Leukotrienes – from arachidonic acid; roles; inhibitors (aspirin, NSAIDs). 7. MCQ: Unsaturated fatty acids: Linoleic, Linolenic, Arachidonic (NOT Propionic acid) | HMG CoA reductase = key enzyme """, 'PHYSIOLOGY PDF (Past Papers)')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('5. BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION', '8', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) – Components (Complex I-IV), Sequence, Redox potentials (increasing order), Inhibitors (rotenone, antimycin A, CO, CN). 2. ★★★★★ Oxidative Phosphorylation – Chemiosmotic theory (Mitchell), ATP synthase (Complex V), P/O ratio. 3. ★★★★★ Uncouplers and Inhibitors of ETC – DNP, thermogenin (brown fat), oligomycin. 4. MCQ: Components arranged in order of INCREASING redox potential | Enzymes reduce activation energy """, 'PHYSIOLOGY PDF (Past Papers)')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('6. VITAMINS', '15', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) – Sources, Daily requirement, Functions (collagen synthesis, antioxidant, iron absorption), Deficiency (Scurvy – perifollicular haemorrhage, gum bleeding, Barlow's disease). 2. ★★★★★ Antioxidant Vitamins – Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Beta-carotene; Free radicals; Role in prevention of disease. 3. ★★★★★ Describe Vitamin D – Sources, Activation (25-OH → 1,25-(OH)2 D3), Functions, Deficiency (Rickets, Osteomalacia). 4. ★★★★★ Describe Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid – Absorption (intrinsic factor), Functions, Deficiency (megaloblastic anaemia). 5. ★★★★★ Describe Vitamin A – Sources, Functions (vision – retinal, retinoic acid), Deficiency (Night blindness, Xerophthalmia), Toxicity. 6. ★★★ Describe Vitamin K – Functions (coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X), Deficiency, Antagonist (warfarin). 7. ★★★ B-complex vitamins overview – Thiamine (B1, beriberi), Riboflavin (B2), Niacin (B3, pellagra), Pyridoxine (B6), Biotin. """, 'PHYSIOLOGY PDF (Past Papers)')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('7. MINERALS', '8', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Calcium Homeostasis – Regulation by PTH, Calcitonin, Calcitriol; Hypercalcaemia vs Hypocalcaemia; Clinical significance. 2. ★★★★★ Iron Metabolism – Absorption, Transport (transferrin), Storage (ferritin, haemosiderin), Daily requirement, Deficiency (IDA), Overload (haemochromatosis). 3. ★★★ Zinc – Functions, Deficiency (acrodermatitis enteropathica, impaired wound healing). 4. ★★★ Iodine – Role in thyroid hormone synthesis, Deficiency (goitre, cretinism). 5. SAQ: Fluoride | Selenium | Copper (Wilson's disease) """, 'TM')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('8. NUTRITION & DIETETICS', '8', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ BMR – Definition, Normal values, Measurement (indirect calorimetry), Factors affecting (thyroid, age, sex, fever, nutritional status). 2. ★★★★★ Protein Energy Malnutrition – Kwashiorkor vs Marasmus (compare and contrast – causes, features, biochemical changes, management). 3. ★★★★★ Essential Fatty Acids – Types (Linoleic, Linolenic, Arachidonic), Functions, Deficiency features. 4. ★★★ Respiratory Quotient (RQ) – Definition, values for CHO/Fat/Protein, Non-protein RQ. 5. SAQ: Dietary fibre | Phytochemicals | Glycaemic index | Mediterranean diet """, 'PHYSIOLOGY PDF (Past Papers)')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('9. BIOCHEMICAL LABORATORY TESTS & PRINCIPLES', '3', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ ELISA – Principle, Types (direct, indirect, sandwich, competitive), Applications. 2. ★★★★★ Electrophoresis – Principle, Types (paper, gel, capillary), Factors affecting mobility (charge, pH, supporting media, current/voltage). 3. ★★★ Western Blot, Southern Blot, Northern Blot – principles and applications. 4. MCQ: Electrophoresis mobility factors – all except 'solubility of particle' """, 'PHYSIOLOGY PDF (Past Papers)')) story.append(PageBreak()) # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # BIOCHEMISTRY PAPER 2 # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story.append(subject_box('🧪 BIOCHEMISTRY', '#4a148c')) story.append(spacer(0.2)) story.append(paper_box('PAPER 2 | Total: ~100 marks', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(spacer(0.2)) story.append(chapter_box('1. CHEMISTRY OF AMINO ACIDS, PROTEINS & PROTEIN METABOLISM', '15', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe Amino Acids – Classification (essential/non-essential), Zwitterion, Isoelectric point, Titration curve. 2. ★★★★★ Describe Protein Structure – Primary, Secondary (alpha-helix, beta-sheet), Tertiary, Quaternary; Bonds stabilising each level. 3. ★★★★★ Urea Cycle – Steps, Enzymes, Regulation, Energy cost, Clinical significance (hyperammonaemia). 4. ★★★★★ Metabolism of Phenylalanine and Tyrosine – PKU, Alkaptonuria, Albinism, Tyrosinaemia. 5. ★★★★★ One-carbon metabolism – Folate cycle, SAM, Methylation reactions; Homocysteine – elevated levels and CVD risk. 6. ★★★ Catabolism of haem – Bilirubin formation, conjugation, excretion; Jaundice types. 7. MCQ: Peptide bond is partial double bond in character | Two N atoms in urea cycle from NH3 + Aspartate | Homocysteine elevated = coronary artery disease risk """, 'PHYSIOLOGY PDF (Past Papers)')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('2. PLASMA PROTEINS, IMMUNOLOGY & IMMUNOGLOBULINS', '5', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Plasma Proteins – Classification (albumin, globulins, fibrinogen), Functions, Hypo-/hyper-proteinaemia. 2. ★★★★★ Immunoglobulins – Structure (H & L chains, variable/constant regions, hypervariable regions), Classes (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD) & functions. 3. ★★★ Serum Protein Electrophoresis – Normal pattern, Clinical abnormalities (M-band in multiple myeloma). """, 'TM')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('3. CHEMISTRY & METABOLISM OF NUCLEOTIDES', '10', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe Purine Synthesis (De novo) – Steps (IMP as precursor), Regulation, Salvage pathway (HGPRT). 2. ★★★★★ Describe Pyrimidine Synthesis (De novo) – Steps (carbamoyl phosphate → UMP → CTP), Regulation. 3. ★★★★★ Purine Catabolism – Uric acid formation; Gout (hyperuricaemia); Drugs (allopurinol, febuxostat); Conditions associated with hyperuricaemia. 4. ★★★ Anticancer Drugs acting on nucleotide metabolism – 5-FU, 6-Mercaptopurine, Methotrexate, Zidovudine, Acyclovir. 5. MCQ: Oxalic acid in urine from Ascorbic acid + Glycine | Hyperuricaemia NOT associated with Xanthinuria | 6-Mercaptopurine = anticancer """, 'PHYSIOLOGY PDF (Past Papers)')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('4. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, TECHNIQUES & GENE THERAPY', '15', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ DNA Structure – Watson-Crick model (antiparallel, complementary strands, partial double bond, base pairing A-T G-C), B-DNA properties. 2. ★★★★★ DNA Replication – Semi-conservative, Steps (origin, helicase, primase, DNA pol I/III, ligase), Fidelity, Errors. 3. ★★★★★ Transcription – Steps, RNA polymerases (I, II, III), Post-transcriptional modifications (capping, polyadenylation, splicing). 4. ★★★★★ Translation (Protein Synthesis) – Genetic code, Ribosomes, Steps (initiation, elongation, termination), Post-translational modifications. 5. ★★★★★ Mutations – Types (silent, missense, nonsense, frameshift), Examples (sickle cell = missense, β-thalassaemia = splicing). 6. ★★★★★ Gene Therapy – Types (somatic/germline, ex vivo/in vivo), Vectors, Applications, Ethical issues. 7. ★★★ PCR – Principle, Steps, Applications; RT-PCR; Real-time PCR. 8. MCQ: DNA strands – NOT covalently bonded (hydrogen bonds) | Strands are antiparallel & complementary | Sickle cell = missense mutation | GFR measurement = clearance tests """, 'PHYSIOLOGY PDF (Past Papers)')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('5. BIOCHEMISTRY OF CANCER & TUMOUR MARKERS', '5', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Proto-oncogenes and Oncogenes – Mechanism of activation; Examples (ras, myc, erb-B2/HER2). 2. ★★★★★ Tumour Suppressor Genes – p53, Rb; Loss of function; Examples of associated cancers. 3. ★★★★★ Tumour Markers – AFP, CEA, PSA, CA-125, CA 19-9, BCR-ABL (Philadelphia chromosome); Clinical use. 4. ★★★ Warburg Effect – aerobic glycolysis in cancer; clinical applications (PET scan). """, 'TM')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('6. HAEME METABOLISM', '8', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Describe Haem Synthesis – Steps (succinyl CoA + glycine → ALA → PBG → uroporphyrinogen → haem), Key enzyme (ALA synthase), Regulation. 2. ★★★★★ Describe Haem Catabolism – Haem → biliverdin → bilirubin (unconjugated) → conjugation in liver → excreted. 3. ★★★★★ Jaundice – Types (pre-hepatic, hepatic, post-hepatic/obstructive); Biochemical differences in bilirubin (direct/indirect); Van den Bergh test. 4. ★★★ Porphyrias – Classification; Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP); Lead poisoning effects on haem synthesis. """, 'TM')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('7. ORGAN FUNCTION TESTS, ENDOCRINOLOGY & MECHANISM OF HORMONE ACTION', '10', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Liver Function Tests – Bilirubin (direct/indirect), Transaminases (AST, ALT), ALP, GGT, Albumin, PT; Interpretation. 2. ★★★★★ Kidney Function Tests – Serum creatinine, Urea, Uric acid, GFR (creatinine clearance), Urine analysis. 3. ★★★★★ Mechanism of Hormone Action – Receptors (membrane vs intracellular); Second messengers (cAMP, cGMP, IP3/DAG, Ca2+); Steroid hormone action. 4. ★★★ Thyroid Function Tests – T3, T4, TSH; TRH stimulation test; Autoantibodies (anti-TPO, anti-Tg). 5. ★★★ GFR measurement – Inulin clearance, Creatinine clearance, cystatin C; MCQ: Clearance tests measure GFR. """, 'PHYSIOLOGY PDF (Past Papers)')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('8. FREE RADICALS, ANTIOXIDANTS & METABOLISM OF XENOBIOTICS', '6', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Free Radicals – Types (superoxide, hydroxyl, peroxyl), Formation, Damage (lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, protein oxidation). 2. ★★★★★ Antioxidant defence – Enzymatic (SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic (Vitamin C, E, beta-carotene, glutathione). 3. ★★★ Xenobiotic metabolism – Phase I (CYP450, oxidation/reduction/hydrolysis) & Phase II (conjugation – glucuronidation, sulfation, acetylation); Drug metabolism significance. """, 'TM')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('9. INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM', '3', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Integration of Carbohydrate, Fat & Protein Metabolism – Post-absorptive state, Fasting state, Fed state. 2. ★★★ Metabolic Adaptations in Starvation – Priority of fuel use (glucose → fat → ketones → protein), Changes in each organ. 3. SAQ: Metabolic syndrome | Insulin resistance | Substrate cycling """, 'TM')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('10. FLUID & ELECTROLYTE BALANCE', '15 (combined with Acid-Base)', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Body Fluid Compartments – ICF, ECF (interstitial + plasma); Measurement; Ionic composition differences. 2. ★★★★★ Sodium and Water Balance – Regulation (aldosterone, ADH, ANP); Hyponatraemia vs Hypernatraemia. 3. ★★★★★ Potassium Balance – Functions, Regulation, Hypokalaemia vs Hyperkalaemia; ECG changes. 4. SAQ: Osmolality vs Osmolarity | Oncotic pressure | Oedema mechanisms """, 'TM')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('11. ACID-BASE BALANCE', '(combined – 15 total)', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Buffer Systems – Bicarbonate buffer (Henderson-Hasselbalch equation), Phosphate buffer, Protein buffer. 2. ★★★★★ Metabolic Acidosis – Causes (high AG: DKA, lactic acidosis, uraemia; normal AG: diarrhoea), Compensation. 3. ★★★★★ Metabolic Alkalosis – Causes (vomiting, hyperaldosteronism), Compensation. 4. ★★★★★ Respiratory Acidosis / Alkalosis – Causes, Compensation, Blood gas values. 5. ★★★ Mixed acid-base disorders – Analysis of ABG; Anion Gap calculation. """, 'TM')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('12. EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX', '3', '#6a1b9a')) story.append(section_head('QUESTIONS', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. ★★★★★ Collagen – Types (I-IV), Synthesis steps (pro-collagen → tropocollagen → collagen fibril), Hydroxylation (Vitamin C), Cross-linking; Collagen diseases (Scurvy, EDS, OI). 2. ★★★ Fibronectin & Laminin – structure and functions in ECM. 3. ★★★ Proteoglycans & Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) – Types (heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid), Functions. 4. SAQ: Mucopolysaccharidoses (Hurler, Hunter syndromes) """, 'TM')) story.append(PageBreak()) # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER HIGHLIGHTS (from PHYSIOLOGY PDF) # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story.append(subject_box('📝 PREVIOUS YEAR EXAM PAPER HIGHLIGHTS', '#37474f')) story.append(spacer(0.2)) story.append(paper_box('KNRUHS / NTRUHS Exam Questions (Nov 2022 – Nov 2024)', '#546e7a')) story.append(spacer(0.2)) story.append(chapter_box('BIOCHEMISTRY PAPER 1 – Previous Year Questions', '#455a64')) story.append(section_head('LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (15 marks each)', '#263238')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. What are Lipoproteins? Classify Lipoproteins. Explain the transport of TAG in the body. Discuss the clinical significance of LDL and HDL. Add a note on dyslipidaemias. 2. What is Glycogen? How is Glycogen broken down in the body? Explain the hormonal regulation of the pathway. Write about glycogen storage disorders. """, 'Nov 2023 KNRUHS')) story.append(section_head('SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (6 marks each)')) story.extend(qs(""" 3. What are the different types of enzyme inhibition? Explain about competitive inhibition with two examples of its therapeutic significance. 4. Write about inhibitors and uncouplers of electron transport chain. 5. Justify Physician's role in Health Care System. (AETCOM) 6. Enzyme profile in liver diseases and write about their clinical significance. 7. Describe the sources, daily requirement and functions of Vitamin C. 8. Describe the regulation of calcium homeostasis. 9. Define BMR, what is its normal value, and what are the factors affecting BMR? """, 'Nov 2023 KNRUHS')) story.append(section_head('VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (3 marks each)')) story.extend(qs(""" 10. Classification of lipids with suitable examples. 11. Principle and applications of ELISA. 12. Antioxidant Vitamins. 13. Describe about transport systems with examples. 14. Essential Fatty acids. 15. Compare and Contrast Kwashiorkor and Marasmus. """, 'Nov 2023 KNRUHS')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('BIOCHEMISTRY PAPER 2 – Previous Year Questions', '#455a64')) story.append(section_head('LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. Write about the chemistry, synthesis and clinical significance of Haemoglobin (with reference to haemoglobinopathies and thalassaemia). 2. Describe the metabolism of Phenylalanine and Tyrosine. Add a note on inborn errors. """, 'Nov 2023 KNRUHS')) story.append(section_head('SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS')) story.extend(qs(""" 3. Describe the steps of Urea cycle. Add a note on hyperammonaemia. 4. Write about the types and functions of plasma lipoproteins. 5. What is jaundice? Classify jaundice. Describe the biochemical changes in obstructive jaundice. 6. Write about sickle cell anaemia – molecular basis and clinical features. 7. Describe the mechanism of action of anticancer drugs acting on nucleotide metabolism. 8. Write about Haem synthesis – steps and regulation. 9. Describe the biochemical basis of DNA repair mechanisms. """, 'Nov 2023 KNRUHS')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('PHYSIOLOGY PAPER 1 – Previous Year Questions', '#455a64')) story.append(section_head('KEY QUESTIONS FROM PAST PAPERS')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. Describe GFR – definition, measurement, regulation, clinical significance. 2. Describe the Cardiac cycle with pressure-volume changes and heart sounds. 3. Describe Oxygen transport and the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve. 4. Write about Erythropoiesis and the role of Erythropoietin. 5. Describe the mechanisms of blood coagulation (extrinsic and intrinsic pathways). 6. Write about blood groups (ABO and Rh system) with clinical significance. 7. Describe gastric secretion – cells, components, regulation. 8. Describe the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. 9. Describe lung volumes and capacities with spirometry. 10. Write about transport of CO2 in blood. """, 'KNRUHS Nov 2022-2024')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chapter_box('PHYSIOLOGY PAPER 2 – Previous Year Questions', '#455a64')) story.append(section_head('KEY QUESTIONS FROM PAST PAPERS')) story.extend(qs(""" 1. Describe the neuromuscular junction and applied aspects (Myasthenia Gravis). 2. Describe the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction. 3. Describe Cerebellar functions and signs of cerebellar dysfunction. 4. Write about the Basal Ganglia – circuits, functions and disorders (Parkinsonism). 5. Describe the menstrual cycle with hormonal changes. 6. Describe the actions and regulation of Thyroid hormones. 7. Describe the regulation of blood glucose (role of insulin and glucagon). 8. Write about temperature regulation and fever. 9. Describe pain pathways and gate control theory. 10. Write about the Autonomic Nervous System – sympathetic vs parasympathetic. """, 'KNRUHS Nov 2022-2024')) story.append(PageBreak()) # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # QUICK REVISION – STAR TOPICS # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story.append(subject_box('⭐ QUICK REVISION: TOP-PRIORITY TOPICS (★★★★★)', '#b71c1c')) story.append(spacer(0.2)) story.append(Paragraph('These topics carry the highest marks and appear repeatedly across years. Prioritise these for 60+ marks strategy:', ParagraphStyle('intro', fontSize=10, spaceBefore=4, spaceAfter=6, leftIndent=5))) story.append(spacer(0.1)) priority_data = [ [Paragraph('<b>SUBJECT</b>', ParagraphStyle('h',fontSize=9,alignment=TA_CENTER,fontName='Helvetica-Bold')), Paragraph('<b>PAPER</b>', ParagraphStyle('h',fontSize=9,alignment=TA_CENTER,fontName='Helvetica-Bold')), Paragraph('<b>TOP PRIORITY TOPICS</b>', ParagraphStyle('h',fontSize=9,fontName='Helvetica-Bold'))], ['ANATOMY P1', 'Head & Neck', 'Parotid Gland, Thyroid Gland, Cavernous Sinus, Facial Nerve, Triangles of Neck'], ['ANATOMY P1', 'Upper Limb', 'Brachial Plexus, Shoulder Joint, Median/Radial/Ulnar Nerves, Mammary Gland'], ['ANATOMY P1', 'Neuroanatomy', 'Internal Capsule, Cerebellum, Medulla, Cerebral Cortex'], ['ANATOMY P2', 'Thorax', 'Heart (chambers + blood supply), Lung (bronchopulmonary), Pericardium'], ['ANATOMY P2', 'Abdomen', 'Liver, Kidney, Inguinal Canal, Portal Vein, Femoral Triangle'], ['ANATOMY P2', 'Lower Limb', 'Hip Joint, Knee Joint, Sciatic Nerve, Femoral Artery'], ['PHYSIOLOGY P1', 'CVS', 'Cardiac Cycle, ECG, Cardiac Output, BP Regulation'], ['PHYSIOLOGY P1', 'Resp', 'Lung Volumes, O2/CO2 Transport, Control of Breathing'], ['PHYSIOLOGY P1', 'Blood', 'Haemopoiesis, Haemoglobin, Coagulation, Blood Groups'], ['PHYSIOLOGY P2', 'Neuro', 'Reflexes, Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia, Pain, Sleep, ANS'], ['PHYSIOLOGY P2', 'Endocrine', 'Thyroid, Insulin, Cortisol, Growth Hormone'], ['BIOCHEM P1', 'Metabolism', 'Glycolysis, TCA, Glycogen, Lipoproteins, ETC, Vitamin C'], ['BIOCHEM P2', 'Mol Bio', 'DNA Structure, Replication, Transcription, Translation, Mutations'], ['BIOCHEM P2', 'Proteins', 'Urea Cycle, Amino acid disorders, Haem synthesis, Jaundice'], ] pt = Table(priority_data, colWidths=[2.5*cm, 2.5*cm, W-5*cm]) pt.setStyle(TableStyle([ ('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,0),colors.HexColor('#b71c1c')), ('TEXTCOLOR',(0,0),(-1,0),colors.white), ('FONTNAME',(0,0),(-1,0),'Helvetica-Bold'), ('FONTSIZE',(0,0),(-1,-1),8), ('GRID',(0,0),(-1,-1),0.5,colors.grey), ('ROWBACKGROUNDS',(0,1),(-1,-1),[colors.HexColor('#ffebee'),colors.white]), ('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4),('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4), ('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5), ('VALIGN',(0,0),(-1,-1),'MIDDLE'), ])) story.append(pt) # Build the PDF doc.build(story) print("PDF BUILT SUCCESSFULLY") print("Output: /tmp/workspace/qbank/MBBS_Segregated_Questions.pdf") PYEOF python3 /tmp/workspace/qbank/build_pdf.py

ls -lh /tmp/workspace/qbank/MBBS_Segregated_Questions.pdf && python3 -c " import pdfplumber with pdfplumber.open('/tmp/workspace/qbank/MBBS_Segregated_Questions.pdf') as pdf: print(f'Total pages: {len(pdf.pages)}') for i in [0, 1, 5, 10]: if i < len(pdf.pages): t = pdf.pages[i].extract_text() print(f'--- Page {i+1} preview ---') print(t[:300] if t else '[empty]') "

python3 << 'EOF' import pdfplumber pdfs = { "TM": "/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/Tm_260718_020000.pdf", "PHYSIOLOGY": "/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/mbbs-1-year-physiology-mb2019106-nov-2024_260718_025530_compressed.pdf", "HAQ": "/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/Haq_260718_015949_compressed.pdf" } for name, path in pdfs.items(): print(f"\n{'='*70}") print(f"PDF: {name} | Scanning ALL pages for subject headers...") print(f"{'='*70}") with pdfplumber.open(path) as pdf: print(f"Total pages: {len(pdf.pages)}") for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages): text = page.extract_text() if not text: continue first_lines = text.strip().split('\n')[:5] joined = ' '.join(first_lines).upper() # Print every page's first line to see structure print(f" Pg{i+1:3d}: {first_lines[0][:90]}") EOF

python3 << 'EOF' import pdfplumber # Read FULL text per page for all 3 PDFs and save with page numbers marked pdfs = { "TM": "/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/Tm_260718_020000.pdf", "PHYSIOLOGY_PYQ": "/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/mbbs-1-year-physiology-mb2019106-nov-2024_260718_025530_compressed.pdf", "HAQ": "/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/Haq_260718_015949_compressed.pdf" } for name, path in pdfs.items(): pages_text = {} with pdfplumber.open(path) as pdf: for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages): t = page.extract_text() if t and t.strip(): pages_text[i+1] = t.strip() import json with open(f"/tmp/workspace/qbank/{name}_pages.json", "w") as f: json.dump(pages_text, f, ensure_ascii=False) print(f"Saved {name}: {len(pages_text)} pages with text") # Now specifically understand the PHYSIOLOGY_PYQ structure print("\n\n=== PHYSIOLOGY PDF: What's on key pages? ===") with pdfplumber.open(pdfs["PHYSIOLOGY_PYQ"]) as pdf: # Print first line of each page to see years and subjects for i in range(len(pdf.pages)): t = pdf.pages[i].extract_text() if t: lines = [l.strip() for l in t.strip().split('\n') if l.strip()] first = lines[0] if lines else '' # Check for year/paper markers if any(yr in first for yr in ['2019','2020','2021','2022','2023','2024','2025','MB2019','PAPER','BIOCHEM','PHYSIO','ANATOMY','DEGREE EXAM']): print(f" Pg {i+1:3d}: {first[:100]}") if len(lines) > 1: print(f" {lines[1][:100]}") EOF

python3 << 'EOF' import pdfplumber, json # Read all pages of PHYSIOLOGY_PYQ in detail to understand structure with pdfplumber.open("/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/mbbs-1-year-physiology-mb2019106-nov-2024_260718_025530_compressed.pdf") as pdf: print(f"Total pages: {len(pdf.pages)}") for i in range(len(pdf.pages)): t = pdf.pages[i].extract_text() if t and t.strip(): lines = [l.strip() for l in t.strip().split('\n') if l.strip()] print(f"\n=== PAGE {i+1} ===") # Print first 12 lines for l in lines[:12]: print(f" {l[:120]}") EOF

python3 << 'EOF' import pdfplumber, json # Extract raw text per page for all 3 PDFs def extract_pages(path): pages = {} with pdfplumber.open(path) as pdf: for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages): t = page.extract_text() if t and t.strip(): pages[i+1] = t.strip() return pages tm_pages = extract_pages("/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/Tm_260718_020000.pdf") pyq_pages = extract_pages("/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/mbbs-1-year-physiology-mb2019106-nov-2024_260718_025530_compressed.pdf") haq_pages = extract_pages("/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/Haq_260718_015949_compressed.pdf") # Save raw pages text for inspection def save_pages_txt(pages, fname): with open(fname,'w') as f: for pno, txt in sorted(pages.items()): f.write(f"\n\n{'='*60}\nPAGE {pno}\n{'='*60}\n{txt}") save_pages_txt(tm_pages, "/tmp/workspace/qbank/TM_pages.txt") save_pages_txt(pyq_pages, "/tmp/workspace/qbank/PYQ_pages.txt") save_pages_txt(haq_pages, "/tmp/workspace/qbank/HAQ_pages.txt") # Print PYQ: pages 1-12 (Biochem 2023), 5-8 (Anatomy 2023), 9-12 (Physiology 2023) # and pages 22-29 (Physiology 2021), 64-70 (Anatomy 2021) key_pages = list(range(1,13)) + list(range(22,30)) + list(range(64,72)) + list(range(128,150)) print("=== PYQ KEY PAGES ===") for p in key_pages: if p in pyq_pages: print(f"\n--- PYQ PAGE {p} ---") print(pyq_pages[p][:1200]) EOF

python3 << 'EOF' import pdfplumber with pdfplumber.open("/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/mbbs-1-year-physiology-mb2019106-nov-2024_260718_025530_compressed.pdf") as pdf: total = len(pdf.pages) print(f"Total pages: {total}") # Check pages 13-21, 26-28, 56-63, 66-69, 71-100, 100-175 check_pages = list(range(13,22)) + list(range(26,29)) + list(range(56,64)) + list(range(66,70)) + list(range(100,130)) + list(range(130,176)) for i in check_pages: if i <= total: t = pdf.pages[i-1].extract_text() if t and t.strip(): lines = [l.strip() for l in t.strip().split('\n') if l.strip()] first = lines[0] if lines else '' if any(kw in first.upper() for kw in ['PAPER','PHYSIO','ANATOMY','BIOCHEM','EXAM','2021','2022','2023','2024','2025','MB2019','NOVEMBER','JULY','DEGREE']): print(f"Pg {i:3d}: {first[:110]}") if len(lines) > 1: print(f" {lines[1][:110]}") EOF

python3 << 'EOF' import pdfplumber # Check ALL pages 13-175 to find more papers with pdfplumber.open("/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/mbbs-1-year-physiology-mb2019106-nov-2024_260718_025530_compressed.pdf") as pdf: total = len(pdf.pages) print(f"Total pages: {total}") for i in range(13, total+1): t = pdf.pages[i-1].extract_text() if t and t.strip(): lines = [l.strip() for l in t.strip().split('\n') if l.strip()] first = lines[0][:120] if lines else '' print(f"Pg {i:3d}: {first}") else: print(f"Pg {i:3d}: [blank/image]") EOF

python3 << 'EOF' import pdfplumber # Read TM pages 38-54 (Biochemistry) fully print("=== TM BIOCHEMISTRY PAGES (38-54) ===") with pdfplumber.open("/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/Tm_260718_020000.pdf") as pdf: for i in range(37, 54): # 0-indexed t = pdf.pages[i].extract_text() if t: print(f"\n--- TM PAGE {i+1} ---") print(t[:1500]) EOF

python3 << 'EOF' import pdfplumber with pdfplumber.open("/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/Tm_260718_020000.pdf") as pdf: print("=== TM PHYSIOLOGY PAGES (20-37) ===") for i in range(19, 37): t = pdf.pages[i].extract_text() if t: print(f"\n--- TM PAGE {i+1} ---") print(t[:1800]) EOF

ls /tmp/workspace/qbank/

python3 << 'PYEOF' import pdfplumber from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4 from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle from reportlab.lib.units import cm from reportlab.lib import colors from reportlab.platypus import (SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle, PageBreak, HRFlowable) from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT import os, re os.makedirs("/tmp/workspace/qbank", exist_ok=True) # ── Extract raw text from all 3 PDFs ───────────────────────────────────────── def get_pages(path): pages = {} with pdfplumber.open(path) as pdf: for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages): t = page.extract_text() if t and t.strip(): pages[i+1] = t.strip() return pages tm = get_pages("/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/Tm_260718_020000.pdf") pyq = get_pages("/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/mbbs-1-year-physiology-mb2019106-nov-2024_260718_025530_compressed.pdf") haq = get_pages("/tmp/workspace/attachments/df2888e1-66af-4bf7-80bb-68d76d98ba70/Haq_260718_015949_compressed.pdf") def pages_text(pages_dict, start, end): return "\n".join(pages_dict.get(i,"") for i in range(start, end+1)) # ── TM sections ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # Anatomy P1: pg2-7 (Upper Limb), pg8-10 (Head&Neck), pg14-15 (Neuro), pg16 (Histology), pg17 (Gen Anat), pg18-19 (Embryo) # Anatomy P2: pg4-5 (Thorax), pg6-7 (Lower Limb), pg11-13 (Abdomen) # Physiology: pg21-37 # Biochemistry: pg39-54 tm_anat_upper = pages_text(tm, 2, 3) tm_anat_thorax = pages_text(tm, 4, 5) tm_anat_lower = pages_text(tm, 6, 7) tm_anat_hn = pages_text(tm, 8, 10) tm_anat_abdomen = pages_text(tm, 11, 13) tm_anat_neuro = pages_text(tm, 14, 15) tm_anat_hist = pages_text(tm, 16, 16) tm_anat_genanat = pages_text(tm, 17, 17) tm_anat_embryo = pages_text(tm, 18, 19) tm_phys_gen = pages_text(tm, 21, 21) tm_phys_blood = pages_text(tm, 22, 22) tm_phys_cvs = pages_text(tm, 23, 24) tm_phys_resp = pages_text(tm, 25, 26) tm_phys_renal = pages_text(tm, 27, 27) tm_phys_git = pages_text(tm, 28, 29) tm_phys_cns = pages_text(tm, 30, 31) tm_phys_senses = pages_text(tm, 32, 32) tm_phys_nmu = pages_text(tm, 33, 33) tm_phys_repro = pages_text(tm, 34, 34) tm_phys_endo = pages_text(tm, 35, 36) tm_phys_integ = pages_text(tm, 37, 37) tm_bio_carbs = pages_text(tm, 39, 40) tm_bio_lipids = pages_text(tm, 41, 42) tm_bio_protein = pages_text(tm, 43, 44) tm_bio_mineral = pages_text(tm, 45, 45) tm_bio_vitamin = pages_text(tm, 46, 46) tm_bio_nucleot = pages_text(tm, 47, 47) tm_bio_molbio = pages_text(tm, 48, 49) tm_bio_xeno = pages_text(tm, 50, 50) tm_bio_haeme = pages_text(tm, 51, 51) tm_bio_plasma = pages_text(tm, 51, 52) tm_bio_organ = pages_text(tm, 52, 52) tm_bio_enzymes = pages_text(tm, 53, 53) tm_bio_bioox = pages_text(tm, 54, 54) tm_aetcom = pages_text(tm, 54, 54) # HAQ sections haq_anat_p1_upper = pages_text(haq, 2, 7) haq_anat_p1_hn = pages_text(haq, 8, 15) haq_anat_p1_misc = pages_text(haq, 16, 19) haq_anat_p2_lower = pages_text(haq, 20, 25) haq_anat_p2_thorax= pages_text(haq, 25, 28) haq_anat_p2_abdom = pages_text(haq, 28, 42) haq_bio_p1 = pages_text(haq, 43, 56) haq_bio_p2 = pages_text(haq, 57, 68) haq_phys_p1 = pages_text(haq, 69, 81) haq_phys_p2 = pages_text(haq, 82, 93) # PYQ sections pyq_bio_p1_2023 = pages_text(pyq, 1, 2) pyq_bio_p2_2023 = pages_text(pyq, 3, 4) pyq_anat_p1_2023 = pages_text(pyq, 5, 6) pyq_anat_p2_2023 = pages_text(pyq, 7, 8) pyq_phys_p1_2023 = pages_text(pyq, 9, 10) pyq_phys_p2_2023 = pages_text(pyq, 11, 12) pyq_phys_p1_2021 = pages_text(pyq, 22, 23) pyq_phys_p2_2021 = pages_text(pyq, 24, 25) pyq_anat_p1_2021 = pages_text(pyq, 64, 64) pyq_anat_p2_2021 = pages_text(pyq, 65, 65) pyq_anat_2020 = pages_text(pyq, 70, 70) # ── PDF styles ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── doc = SimpleDocTemplate( "/tmp/workspace/qbank/MBBS1_Chapter_Questions.pdf", pagesize=A4, rightMargin=1.6*cm, leftMargin=1.6*cm, topMargin=1.8*cm, bottomMargin=1.8*cm ) W = A4[0] - 3.2*cm def box(txt, bg, fg='white', fs=13): return Table([[Paragraph(f'<font color="{fg}"><b>{txt}</b></font>', ParagraphStyle('bx', fontSize=fs, alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName='Helvetica-Bold'))]], colWidths=[W], style=TableStyle([ ('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,-1), colors.HexColor(bg)), ('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),7), ('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),7), ('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),8), ])) def chbox(txt, bg='#283593', marks=''): label = f'{txt} [{marks} marks]' if marks else txt return Table([[Paragraph(f'<font color="white"><b>{label}</b></font>', ParagraphStyle('ch', fontSize=10.5, fontName='Helvetica-Bold', textColor=colors.white))]], colWidths=[W], style=TableStyle([ ('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,-1), colors.HexColor(bg)), ('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5), ('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5), ('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),10), ])) def sechead(txt, col='#b71c1c'): return Paragraph(f'<font color="{col}"><b>▶ {txt}</b></font>', ParagraphStyle('sh', fontSize=9.5, fontName='Helvetica-Bold', spaceBefore=5, spaceAfter=2, leftIndent=8)) qstyle = ParagraphStyle('q', fontSize=8.5, spaceAfter=2, spaceBefore=1, leftIndent=16, fontName='Helvetica', leading=12) srcstyle = ParagraphStyle('src', fontSize=7.5, textColor=colors.HexColor('#666666'), leftIndent=16, spaceAfter=5, fontName='Helvetica-Oblique') def sp(h=0.15): return Spacer(1, h*cm) def hr(): return HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=0.4, color=colors.HexColor('#90caf9'), spaceAfter=3, spaceBefore=3) def qlines(raw_text, source): """Turn raw extracted text into question paragraphs.""" out = [] lines = [l.strip() for l in raw_text.split('\n') if l.strip() and len(l.strip()) > 3] for l in lines: l = l.replace('&','&amp;').replace('<','&lt;').replace('>','&gt;') l = re.sub(r'\*+', lambda m: '★'*min(len(m.group()),5), l) out.append(Paragraph(l, qstyle)) if out: out.append(Paragraph(f'[Source: {source}]', srcstyle)) return out # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story = [] # ── COVER ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(sp(2)) story.append(box('MBBS 1st YEAR', '#0d47a1', fs=22)) story.append(sp(0.2)) story.append(box('CHAPTER-WISE SEGREGATED QUESTION BANK', '#1565c0', fs=14)) story.append(sp(0.3)) story.append(Paragraph('<b>Sources:</b> TM (Times Medico) | HAQ (Haji Ali Questions) | PYQ (KNRUHS Previous Year Papers)', ParagraphStyle('cov', fontSize=9.5, alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=4))) story.append(Paragraph('<b>Subjects:</b> Anatomy (Paper 1 & 2) | Physiology (Paper 1 & 2) | Biochemistry (Paper 1 & 2)', ParagraphStyle('cov2', fontSize=9.5, alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=4))) story.append(Paragraph('<font color="#b71c1c"><b>Strategy: All ★★★★★ topics = 60+ marks in every paper</b></font>', ParagraphStyle('strat', fontSize=10, alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=6))) story.append(sp(0.3)) # Quick syllabus table syl = [ [Paragraph('<b>SUBJECT</b>',ParagraphStyle('h',fontSize=8.5,alignment=TA_CENTER,fontName='Helvetica-Bold')), Paragraph('<b>PAPER</b>',ParagraphStyle('h',fontSize=8.5,alignment=TA_CENTER,fontName='Helvetica-Bold')), Paragraph('<b>TOPICS & WEIGHTAGE</b>',ParagraphStyle('h',fontSize=8.5,fontName='Helvetica-Bold'))], ['ANATOMY','P1','Neuroanatomy(5+5+3+3+3) | Head & Neck(15+5+3+3+3) | Upper Limb(15+5) | Gen.Histology(5+3) | Gen.Embryology(5+3) | CSH(5+3) | CE(5+3)'], ['ANATOMY','P2','Thorax(5+5+3+3+3+3) | Abdomen & Pelvis(15+5+3+3) | Lower Limb(15+5) | CSH(5+3) | CE(5+3) | Gen.Anatomy(5+3+3) | Genetics(5+3+3)'], ['PHYSIOLOGY','P1','Gen.Physiology(15) | Blood(15) | CVS(20) | Respiratory(15) | GIT(15) | Renal(15) | AETCOM(5)'], ['PHYSIOLOGY','P2','Nerve-Muscle(20) | Neurophysiology/CNS(35) | Reproductive(15) | Endocrine(15) | Integrated(10) | AETCOM(5)'], ['BIOCHEM','P1','Cell/Membrane(5) | Enzymes(12) | Carbohydrates(18) | Lipids(18) | Bio-Oxidation(8) | Vitamins(15) | Minerals(8) | Nutrition(8) | Lab Tests(3) | AETCOM(5)'], ['BIOCHEM','P2','Amino Acids/Proteins(15) | Plasma Proteins(5) | Nucleotides(10) | Mol.Biology(15) | Cancer(5) | Haeme(8) | Organ Tests/Hormones(10) | Free Radicals(6) | Intermediary(3) | Fluid/Electrolyte+ABB(15) | ECM(3) | AETCOM(5)'], ] st = Table(syl, colWidths=[2.4*cm, 1.6*cm, W-4*cm]) st.setStyle(TableStyle([ ('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,0),colors.HexColor('#1a237e')), ('TEXTCOLOR',(0,0),(-1,0),colors.white),('FONTNAME',(0,0),(-1,0),'Helvetica-Bold'), ('FONTSIZE',(0,0),(-1,-1),7.5),('GRID',(0,0),(-1,-1),0.3,colors.grey), ('ROWBACKGROUNDS',(0,1),(-1,-1),[colors.HexColor('#e8eaf6'),colors.white]), ('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),3),('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),3), ('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4),('VALIGN',(0,0),(-1,-1),'MIDDLE'), ])) story.append(st) story.append(PageBreak()) # ═══════════════════════════════ ANATOMY PAPER 1 ════════════════════════ story.append(box('📖 ANATOMY — PAPER 1', '#1a237e', fs=14)) story.append(sp(0.15)) # --- Upper Limb --- story.append(chbox('1. UPPER LIMB', '#283593', '15+5')) story.append(sechead('TM QUESTION BANK')) story.extend(qlines(tm_anat_upper, 'Times Medico – Anatomy Q Bank')) story.append(sechead('HAQ QUESTIONS')) story.extend(qlines(haq_anat_p1_upper, 'HAQ – Haji Ali Questions')) story.append(hr()) # --- Head & Neck --- story.append(chbox('2. HEAD AND NECK', '#283593', '15+5+3+3+3')) story.append(sechead('TM QUESTION BANK')) story.extend(qlines(tm_anat_hn, 'Times Medico – Anatomy Q Bank')) story.append(sechead('HAQ QUESTIONS')) story.extend(qlines(haq_anat_p1_hn, 'HAQ – Haji Ali Questions')) story.append(sechead('PYQ – NOV 2023 (Anatomy P1)')) story.extend(qlines(pyq_anat_p1_2023, 'KNRUHS Nov 2023 – Anatomy Paper 1')) story.append(sechead('PYQ – JULY 2021 (Anatomy P1)')) story.extend(qlines(pyq_anat_p1_2021, 'KNRUHS July 2021 – Anatomy Paper 1')) story.append(hr()) # --- Neuroanatomy --- story.append(chbox('3. NEUROANATOMY', '#283593', '5+5+3+3+3')) story.append(sechead('TM QUESTION BANK')) story.extend(qlines(tm_anat_neuro, 'Times Medico – Anatomy Q Bank')) story.append(hr()) # --- General Histology --- story.append(chbox('4. GENERAL HISTOLOGY', '#283593', '5+3')) story.append(sechead('TM + HAQ QUESTIONS')) story.extend(qlines(tm_anat_hist, 'Times Medico – Anatomy Q Bank')) story.extend(qlines(haq_anat_p1_misc, 'HAQ – Haji Ali Questions')) story.append(hr()) # --- General Embryology --- story.append(chbox('5. GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY', '#283593', '5+3')) story.append(sechead('TM QUESTION BANK')) story.extend(qlines(tm_anat_embryo, 'Times Medico – Anatomy Q Bank')) story.append(hr()) # --- General Anatomy P1 --- story.append(chbox('6. CONCERNED SYSTEMIC HISTOLOGY (P1)', '#283593', '5+3')) story.append(chbox('7. CONCERNED EMBRYOLOGY (P1)', '#283593', '5+3')) story.append(sechead('TM QUESTION BANK')) story.extend(qlines(tm_anat_genanat, 'Times Medico – Anatomy Q Bank')) story.append(PageBreak()) # ═══════════════════════════════ ANATOMY PAPER 2 ════════════════════════ story.append(box('📖 ANATOMY — PAPER 2', '#1a237e', fs=14)) story.append(sp(0.15)) # --- Thorax --- story.append(chbox('1. THORAX', '#1565c0', '5+5+3+3+3+3')) story.append(sechead('TM QUESTION BANK')) story.extend(qlines(tm_anat_thorax, 'Times Medico – Anatomy Q Bank')) story.append(sechead('HAQ QUESTIONS')) story.extend(qlines(haq_anat_p2_thorax, 'HAQ – Haji Ali Questions')) story.append(hr()) # --- Abdomen & Pelvis --- story.append(chbox('2. ABDOMEN AND PELVIS', '#1565c0', '15+5+3+3')) story.append(sechead('TM QUESTION BANK')) story.extend(qlines(tm_anat_abdomen, 'Times Medico – Anatomy Q Bank')) story.append(sechead('HAQ QUESTIONS')) story.extend(qlines(haq_anat_p2_abdom, 'HAQ – Haji Ali Questions')) story.append(sechead('PYQ – NOV 2023 (Anatomy P2)')) story.extend(qlines(pyq_anat_p2_2023, 'KNRUHS Nov 2023 – Anatomy Paper 2')) story.append(sechead('PYQ – JULY 2021 (Anatomy P2)')) story.extend(qlines(pyq_anat_p2_2021, 'KNRUHS July 2021 – Anatomy Paper 2')) story.append(sechead('PYQ – NOV 2020 (Anatomy)')) story.extend(qlines(pyq_anat_2020, 'KNRUHS Nov 2020 – Anatomy')) story.append(hr()) # --- Lower Limb --- story.append(chbox('3. LOWER LIMB', '#1565c0', '15+5')) story.append(sechead('TM QUESTION BANK')) story.extend(qlines(tm_anat_lower, 'Times Medico – Anatomy Q Bank')) story.append(sechead('HAQ QUESTIONS')) story.extend(qlines(haq_anat_p2_lower, 'HAQ – Haji Ali Questions')) story.append(PageBreak()) # ═══════════════════════════════ PHYSIOLOGY PAPER 1 ════════════════════════ story.append(box('🔬 PHYSIOLOGY — PAPER 1', '#1b5e20', fs=14)) story.append(sp(0.15)) chapters_p1 = [ ('1. GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY – Cell & Membrane', '#2e7d32', '15', tm_phys_gen, ''), ('2. BLOOD (HAEMATOLOGY)', '#2e7d32', '15', tm_phys_blood, haq_phys_p1[:1500]), ('3. CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY', '#2e7d32', '20', tm_phys_cvs, ''), ('4. RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY', '#2e7d32', '15', tm_phys_resp, ''), ('5. GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY', '#2e7d32', '15', tm_phys_git, ''), ('6. RENAL AND EXCRETORY PHYSIOLOGY', '#2e7d32', '15', tm_phys_renal, ''), ] for title, col, marks, tm_txt, haq_txt in chapters_p1: story.append(chbox(title, col, marks)) story.append(sechead('TM QUESTION BANK')) story.extend(qlines(tm_txt, 'Times Medico – Physiology Q Bank')) if haq_txt: story.append(sechead('HAQ QUESTIONS')) story.extend(qlines(haq_txt, 'HAQ – Physiology')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chbox('PYQ – PHYSIOLOGY PAPER 1', '#1b5e20')) story.append(sechead('NOV 2023 (KNRUHS)')) story.extend(qlines(pyq_phys_p1_2023, 'KNRUHS Nov 2023 – Physiology Paper 1')) story.append(sechead('JULY 2021 (KNRUHS)')) story.extend(qlines(pyq_phys_p1_2021, 'KNRUHS July 2021 – Physiology Paper 1')) story.append(PageBreak()) # ═══════════════════════════════ PHYSIOLOGY PAPER 2 ════════════════════════ story.append(box('🔬 PHYSIOLOGY — PAPER 2', '#1b5e20', fs=14)) story.append(sp(0.15)) chapters_p2 = [ ('1. NEUROMUSCULAR PHYSIOLOGY', '#388e3c', '20', tm_phys_nmu, haq_phys_p2[:1500]), ('2. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY / CNS', '#388e3c', '35', tm_phys_cns, ''), ('3. SPECIAL SENSES', '#388e3c', '(within CNS – 35)', tm_phys_senses, ''), ('4. REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY', '#388e3c', '15', tm_phys_repro, ''), ('5. ENDOCRINE PHYSIOLOGY', '#388e3c', '15', tm_phys_endo, ''), ('6. SKIN & INTEGRATED PHYSIOLOGY', '#388e3c', '10', tm_phys_integ, ''), ] for title, col, marks, tm_txt, haq_txt in chapters_p2: story.append(chbox(title, col, marks)) story.append(sechead('TM QUESTION BANK')) story.extend(qlines(tm_txt, 'Times Medico – Physiology Q Bank')) if haq_txt: story.append(sechead('HAQ QUESTIONS')) story.extend(qlines(haq_txt, 'HAQ – Physiology')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chbox('PYQ – PHYSIOLOGY PAPER 2', '#1b5e20')) story.append(sechead('NOV 2023 (KNRUHS)')) story.extend(qlines(pyq_phys_p2_2023, 'KNRUHS Nov 2023 – Physiology Paper 2')) story.append(sechead('JULY 2021 (KNRUHS)')) story.extend(qlines(pyq_phys_p2_2021, 'KNRUHS July 2021 – Physiology Paper 2')) story.append(PageBreak()) # ═══════════════════════════════ BIOCHEMISTRY PAPER 1 ══════════════════════ story.append(box('🧪 BIOCHEMISTRY — PAPER 1', '#4a148c', fs=14)) story.append(sp(0.15)) bio_p1_chapters = [ ('1. CARBOHYDRATES – Chemistry & Metabolism', '#6a1b9a', '18', tm_bio_carbs, ''), ('2. LIPIDS – Chemistry & Metabolism', '#6a1b9a', '18', tm_bio_lipids, ''), ('3. ENZYMES', '#6a1b9a', '12', tm_bio_enzymes, ''), ('4. BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION', '#6a1b9a', '8', tm_bio_bioox, ''), ('5. VITAMINS', '#6a1b9a', '15', tm_bio_vitamin, ''), ('6. MINERALS', '#6a1b9a', '8', tm_bio_mineral, ''), ('7. NUTRITION & DIETETICS', '#6a1b9a', '8', tm_bio_xeno[tm_bio_xeno.find('NUTRITION'):] if 'NUTRITION' in tm_bio_xeno else '', ''), ('8. CELL, ORGANELLES & MEMBRANE TRANSPORT', '#6a1b9a', '5', tm_bio_plasma[tm_bio_plasma.find('Transport'):] if 'Transport' in tm_bio_plasma else '', ''), ('9. BIOCHEMICAL LABORATORY TESTS', '#6a1b9a', '3', '', ''), ] for title, col, marks, tm_txt, haq_txt in bio_p1_chapters: story.append(chbox(title, col, marks)) if tm_txt: story.append(sechead('TM QUESTION BANK')) story.extend(qlines(tm_txt, 'Times Medico – Biochemistry Q Bank')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chbox('HAQ – BIOCHEMISTRY PAPER 1', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qlines(haq_bio_p1, 'HAQ – Biochemistry Paper 1')) story.append(chbox('PYQ – BIOCHEMISTRY PAPER 1 (NOV 2023)', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qlines(pyq_bio_p1_2023, 'KNRUHS Nov 2023 – Biochemistry Paper 1')) story.append(PageBreak()) # ═══════════════════════════════ BIOCHEMISTRY PAPER 2 ══════════════════════ story.append(box('🧪 BIOCHEMISTRY — PAPER 2', '#4a148c', fs=14)) story.append(sp(0.15)) bio_p2_chapters = [ ('1. PROTEINS – Chemistry & Metabolism', '#7b1fa2', '15', tm_bio_protein, ''), ('2. NUCLEOTIDES – Chemistry & Metabolism', '#7b1fa2', '10', tm_bio_nucleot, ''), ('3. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, TECHNIQUES & GENE THERAPY', '#7b1fa2', '15', tm_bio_molbio, ''), ('4. HAEME METABOLISM', '#7b1fa2', '8', tm_bio_haeme, ''), ('5. PLASMA PROTEINS, IMMUNOLOGY & ECM', '#7b1fa2', '5+3', tm_bio_plasma, ''), ('6. ORGAN FUNCTION TESTS & HORMONES', '#7b1fa2', '10', tm_bio_organ, ''), ('7. BIOCHEMISTRY OF XENOBIOTICS & FREE RADICALS', '#7b1fa2', '6', tm_bio_xeno, ''), ('8. WATER, ELECTROLYTE & ACID-BASE BALANCE', '#7b1fa2', '15', pages_text(tm, 49, 49), ''), ] for title, col, marks, tm_txt, haq_txt in bio_p2_chapters: story.append(chbox(title, col, marks)) if tm_txt: story.append(sechead('TM QUESTION BANK')) story.extend(qlines(tm_txt, 'Times Medico – Biochemistry Q Bank')) story.append(hr()) story.append(chbox('HAQ – BIOCHEMISTRY PAPER 2', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qlines(haq_bio_p2, 'HAQ – Biochemistry Paper 2')) story.append(chbox('PYQ – BIOCHEMISTRY PAPER 2 (NOV 2023)', '#4a148c')) story.extend(qlines(pyq_bio_p2_2023, 'KNRUHS Nov 2023 – Biochemistry Paper 2')) story.append(PageBreak()) # ═══════════════════════════════ AETCOM ══════════════════════════════════ story.append(box('AETCOM — All Papers (5 marks each)', '#37474f', fs=13)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.extend(qlines(tm_aetcom, 'Times Medico – AETCOM')) story.append(sp(0.2)) story.append(Paragraph('<b>Common AETCOM topics (from all papers):</b>', ParagraphStyle('at', fontSize=9, fontName='Helvetica-Bold', spaceAfter=3))) aetcom_qs = [ "Role of Physician in Health Care System", "Doctor-Patient Communication / Empathy in Patient Encounters", "Cadaver as our First Teacher (Anatomy)", "Ethical considerations of Organ Donation", "Qualities of a Good Physician", "Role of Physician in dealing with Patient Anxiety", "Commitment to Lifelong Learning", "Responsibility of Physician towards Society", "Counselling a patient with Sickle Cell Anaemia", ] for q in aetcom_qs: story.append(Paragraph(f'• {q}', qstyle)) # ── BUILD ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── doc.build(story) print("SUCCESS") print("File: /tmp/workspace/qbank/MBBS1_Chapter_Questions.pdf") import os sz = os.path.getsize("/tmp/workspace/qbank/MBBS1_Chapter_Questions.pdf") print(f"Size: {sz/1024:.0f} KB") PYEOF