Tell me all the mode of prevention
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The five modes of intervention (prevention) in community medicine are:
-
Health promotion
Improves general health and resistance to disease.
Examples:- Health education
- Safe water, sanitation, housing, vector control
- Nutrition programmes and food fortification
- Exercise, healthy diet, avoiding tobacco/alcohol, behavioural change
-
Specific protection
Protects against a particular disease, agent, or hazard.
Examples:- Immunization
- Chemoprophylaxis, such as antimalarial prophylaxis
- Specific nutrients, such as iron, folic acid, iodine, vitamin A
- PPE and occupational safety
- Accident prevention
- Food and drug safety
- Control of air pollution, carcinogens, and allergens
-
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment
Detects disease early and treats it before complications occur.
Examples:- Screening for hypertension, diabetes, cervical cancer, breast cancer
- Case finding and contact tracing
- Early diagnosis and adequate treatment of tuberculosis or other infections
-
Disability limitation
Prevents or limits impairment and disability once disease has occurred.
Examples:- Good glycaemic control to prevent diabetic complications
- Treatment of hypertension to prevent stroke
- Proper treatment of polio, leprosy, or injuries to reduce disability
- Physiotherapy after disease or trauma
-
Rehabilitation
Helps a person with established disability achieve maximum physical, psychological, social, and vocational functioning.
Examples:- Physiotherapy and occupational therapy
- Prosthesis and assistive devices
- Speech therapy
- Vocational training and job placement
- Social and psychological rehabilitation
Relation to levels of prevention:
| Level | Main modes |
|---|---|
| Primary prevention | Health promotion + specific protection |
| Secondary prevention | Early diagnosis + prompt treatment |
| Tertiary prevention | Disability limitation + rehabilitation |
Primordial prevention is sometimes added as a level before primary prevention. It prevents the development of risk factors themselves, for example preventing unhealthy dietary habits, smoking, and physical inactivity in children through policy and health education.
Source: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, pp. 53-54.
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The five modes of intervention (prevention) in community medicine are:
-
Health promotion
Improves general health and resistance to disease.
Examples:- Health education
- Safe water, sanitation, housing, vector control
- Nutrition programmes and food fortification
- Exercise, healthy diet, avoiding tobacco/alcohol, behavioural change
-
Specific protection
Protects against a particular disease, agent, or hazard.
Examples:- Immunization
- Chemoprophylaxis, such as antimalarial prophylaxis
- Specific nutrients, such as iron, folic acid, iodine, vitamin A
- PPE and occupational safety
- Accident prevention
- Food and drug safety
- Control of air pollution, carcinogens, and allergens
-
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment
Detects disease early and treats it before complications occur.
Examples:- Screening for hypertension, diabetes, cervical cancer, breast cancer
- Case finding and contact tracing
- Early diagnosis and adequate treatment of tuberculosis or other infections
-
Disability limitation
Prevents or limits impairment and disability once disease has occurred.
Examples:- Good glycaemic control to prevent diabetic complications
- Treatment of hypertension to prevent stroke
- Proper treatment of polio, leprosy, or injuries to reduce disability
- Physiotherapy after disease or trauma
-
Rehabilitation
Helps a person with established disability achieve maximum physical, psychological, social, and vocational functioning.
Examples:- Physiotherapy and occupational therapy
- Prosthesis and assistive devices
- Speech therapy
- Vocational training and job placement
- Social and psychological rehabilitation
Relation to levels of prevention:
| Level | Main modes |
|---|---|
| Primary prevention | Health promotion + specific protection |
| Secondary prevention | Early diagnosis + prompt treatment |
| Tertiary prevention | Disability limitation + rehabilitation |
Primordial prevention is sometimes added as a level before primary prevention. It prevents the development of risk factors themselves, for example preventing unhealthy dietary habits, smoking, and physical inactivity in children through policy and health education.
Source: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, pp. 53-54.Do you want a short exam-oriented glossary or a fuller set of definitions?Choose one area and I’ll give you concise, exam-ready definitions:
- Core epidemiology: incidence, prevalence, endemic, epidemic, pandemic, outbreak, surveillance, screening, etc.
- Study designs: cohort, case-control, RCT, cross-sectional, bias, confounding.
- Biostatistics: mean, median, mode, SD, SE, p-value, confidence interval, sensitivity, specificity.
- Health indicators and demography: IMR, MMR, CBR, GFR, TFR, DALY, QALY.
- Prevention and health promotion: primordial through tertiary prevention, rehabilitation, health education.
- Communicable-disease terms: incubation period, serial interval, carrier, reservoir, vector, isolation, quarantine.
- National health programmes and primary health care.
For most PSM exams, start with core epidemiology + screening terms.
Give me a glossary of core PSM terms
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CDC principles of epidemiology glossary incidence prevalence surveillance screening outbreak endemic pandemic
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