All five questions have been answered in full. Here is a quick summary of what was covered:

Essay Q1 (15 marks): The 2-year-old has Septic Shock (cold type) secondary to right-sided bacterial pneumonia with parapneumonic pleural effusion/empyema. The key indicators are fever + tachycardia/tachypnoea + cool peripheries + CRT >3 sec + reduced urine output + unilateral reduced air entry. The answer covers organisms (S. pneumoniae, S. aureus being most likely), the SIRS-to-septic-shock classification, stepwise investigations (VBG, lactate, blood cultures, CXR, US chest, pleural tap), and management (ABC resuscitation, fluid boluses up to 60 mL/kg, Ceftriaxone ± Cloxacillin, vasopressors if fluid-refractory, ICD for empyema, PICU).

Short Q1 - Anaemia Mukt Bharat: A universal national strategy targeting 6 beneficiary groups with 6 core interventions - IFA supplementation, deworming, BCC campaign, point-of-care testing and treatment, IFA-fortified foods, and non-nutritional anaemia management.

Short Q2 - Newer Antimalarials: Artemisinins (artesunate, artemether, DHA) and their ACT combinations (Coartem, DHA-piperaquine, artesunate-pyronaridine), atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone), tafenoquine (single-dose radical cure for P. vivax), and mefloquine - with mechanisms, indications, and key adverse effects.

Short Q3 - 15-month-old: Diagnosis is Hydrocephalus (HC 50 cm = macrocephaly, delayed motor milestones, irritability, vomiting from raised ICP). Covers aetiology (aqueductal stenosis, post-meningitis, Chiari, Dandy-Walker, tumour), differential diagnoses, investigations (cranial ultrasound + MRI), and management (VP shunt vs ETV).

Short Q4 - 3-day-old: Diagnosis is Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21). Screens for CHD (ECHO), duodenal atresia, TAM/leukaemia, hypothyroidism, hearing loss, cataracts, and atlantoaxial instability. Confirmed by chromosomal karyotype (gold standard) or rapid FISH/QF-PCR; parental karyotype essential if translocation found.