FMGE 2026 - High-Yield Topics (Subject-Wise)

Exam Structure at a Glance

• Total: 300 questions | Part A (100 pre/para-clinical) + Part B (200 clinical)
• Pass mark: 150/300 (50%)
• Top 4 subjects (Medicine, Surgery, OBG, Community Medicine) account for ~40% of the paper

PART A - Pre & Para-Clinical (100 Questions)

1. Anatomy (~10-12 questions)

• Brachial plexus injuries and nerve lesion patterns
• Cranial nerves - origin, course, clinical lesions
• Foramina of skull and their contents
• Embryology - pharyngeal arches, heart development, congenital anomalies
• Neuroanatomy - spinal cord tracts, brainstem
• Radiological anatomy (X-rays, CT identification)
• Histology of liver, kidney, and glands

2. Physiology (~10-12 questions)

• ECG interpretation and cardiac cycle
• Renal clearance, GFR, acid-base balance
• Respiratory - V/Q mismatch, lung compliance, spirometry
• Endocrine feedback loops (thyroid, adrenal, pituitary)
• Sensory pathways and reflexes
• Reproductive physiology

3. Biochemistry (~8-10 questions)

• Enzyme kinetics and types of inhibition
• Vitamin deficiencies (clinical presentations)
• Metabolic pathways - glycolysis, TCA cycle, urea cycle
• Inborn errors of metabolism (PKU, alkaptonuria, etc.)
• Molecular biology - DNA replication, transcription, translation
• Tumour markers

4. Pathology (~12-15 questions)

• Cell injury, apoptosis, and adaptation
• Acute and chronic inflammation
• Hallmarks of cancer, tumour markers, staging
• Anaemias (iron deficiency, megaloblastic, haemolytic)
• Leukaemia and lymphoma types
• Hypersensitivity reactions (Type I-IV)
• Amyloidosis, autoimmune diseases

5. Microbiology (~10-12 questions)

• Bacteria causing specific diseases (medically important organisms)
• Viral diseases - hepatitis markers, HIV, herpes group
• Parasitology - malaria life cycle, worm infestations
• Fungal infections - opportunistic fungi
• Sterilization and disinfection methods
• Immunology - antibody structure, complement, vaccines

6. Pharmacology (~10-12 questions)

• Autonomic pharmacology (adrenergic, cholinergic drugs)
• Antihypertensives, antiarrhythmics
• Antibiotics - mechanism and spectrum
• NSAIDs and analgesics
• Antiepileptics, antidepressants
• Antidiabetic drugs
• Drug toxicity and antidotes

7. Forensic Medicine (~5-8 questions)

• Time since death (rigor mortis, livor mortis, decomposition)
• Wounds - incised, lacerated, gunshot
• Poisons - organophosphate, arsenic, alcohol
• Sexual offences and medico-legal aspects
• DNA fingerprinting

PART B - Clinical Subjects (200 Questions)

8. General Medicine (~33 questions - HIGHEST weightage)

• Cardiology: Heart failure, IHD, ECG interpretation, hypertension management, valvular diseases
• Endocrinology: Diabetes (types, complications, management), thyroid disorders, adrenal diseases, Cushing's
• Neurology: Stroke (ischemic vs. hemorrhagic), meningitis, epilepsy, Parkinson's, MND
• Respiratory: COPD, asthma, TB (diagnosis, treatment), pneumonia, lung carcinoma
• GI: Liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, IBD, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis
• Renal: Nephritic vs. nephrotic syndrome, CKD, AKI
• Haematology: Anaemia types, coagulation disorders, lymphomas
• Rheumatology: SLE, RA, gout, seronegative spondyloarthropathies
• Infections: Typhoid, malaria, dengue, leptospirosis, HIV/AIDS

9. General Surgery (~32 questions)

• Thyroid: Goitre classification, thyroid cancer types, surgical complications
• Breast: Carcinoma breast staging, FNAC, modified radical mastectomy
• GI Surgery: Appendicitis, intestinal obstruction, hernias, colorectal cancer, anal fissure/fistula
• Urology: BPH, bladder cancer, renal calculi, urological emergencies
• Trauma: ATLS principles, traumatic brain injury, haemorrhage control, burns (Wallace rule of 9s)
• Vascular: Varicose veins, Buerger's disease, DVT

10. Obstetrics & Gynaecology (~30 questions)

• Obstetrics: ANC schedule, high-risk pregnancy, PIH/pre-eclampsia, placenta previa vs. abruptio, APH, PPH
• Labour: Mechanism of normal labour, dystocia, operative deliveries, fetal distress
• Gynaecology: Menstrual disorders, PCOS, endometriosis, fibroid uterus
• Oncology: Cervical cancer (Pap smear, HPV), ovarian tumours, gestational trophoblastic disease
• Family planning: Contraception methods, MTP Act

11. Community Medicine / PSM (~30 questions)

• Epidemiology - study designs, measures of disease frequency (incidence, prevalence)
• Biostatistics - sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, p-value, confidence intervals
• National Health Programs (TB - NTEP, Malaria, HIV, Immunization - NIS)
• Vaccines - cold chain, schedules, contraindications
• Nutrition - PEM, micronutrient deficiencies
• Environmental and occupational health
• Demography - fertility rates, mortality indices
• Water sanitation and food hygiene

12. Paediatrics (~15 questions)

• Neonatal resuscitation and care
• Growth and developmental milestones
• Pediatric immunization schedule
• Common infections - measles, chickenpox, typhoid in children
• Malnutrition - kwashiorkor vs. marasmus
• Congenital heart diseases (acyanotic vs. cyanotic)
• Neonatal jaundice

13. Ophthalmology (~15 questions)

• Glaucoma (types, drugs)
• Cataract - types, surgical management
• Retinal disorders - diabetic retinopathy, ARMD, retinal detachment
• Red eye differential (conjunctivitis, uveitis, acute angle closure)
• Vitamin A deficiency and corneal disorders
• Squint (strabismus)

14. ENT (~15 questions)

• Otitis media (acute, chronic, complications)
• Cholesteatoma
• Hearing loss - conductive vs. sensorineural (tuning fork tests)
• Tonsillitis and adenoids
• Cancer of larynx
• Rhinitis, sinusitis, nasal polyps
• Vocal cord palsy

15. Psychiatry (~5 questions)

• Schizophrenia (positive vs. negative symptoms, antipsychotics)
• Depression and bipolar disorder
• Anxiety disorders
• Substance abuse and dependence
• Suicide risk assessment

16. Dermatology (~5 questions)

• Leprosy (types, classification, treatment - MDT)
• Scabies, tinea infections
• Psoriasis, eczema, lichen planus
• STDs - syphilis, gonorrhoea, chancroid
• Acne, urticaria

17. Orthopaedics (~5 questions)

• Fractures - common types, healing, complications
• CTEV (clubfoot), DDH
• TB spine (Pott's disease)
• Osteosarcoma vs. Ewing's sarcoma
• Osteoporosis, osteomalacia

18. Anaesthesiology (~5 questions)

• Spinal vs. epidural anaesthesia
• General anaesthesia - induction agents, muscle relaxants
• Malignant hyperthermia
• Local anaesthetics (mechanism, toxicity)

19. Radiodiagnosis (~5 questions)

• X-ray findings in common conditions (pneumothorax, TB, fractures)
• USG uses in obstetrics, abdomen
• CT vs. MRI indications
• Radiation safety

Priority Strategy

Quick Tips

• Community Medicine is the most scoring subject - it is mostly factual and very predictable
• ECG interpretation appears across Medicine, Physiology, and Pharmacology - master it once
• Image-based questions are common in Pathology, Radiology, Ophthalmology, and ENT - practice visual MCQs
• Clinical case scenarios dominate Medicine and Surgery - focus on diagnosis + first-line management
• Solve at least 10 years of FMGE previous year papers - many questions repeat with minor variations

FMGE June 2026 - Paper Review

Overall Verdict: Difficult (Paper 1) + Moderate (Paper 2) = Moderate to Difficult Overall

Paper 1 vs Paper 2 Comparison

Key Features That Made the Paper Difficult

1. Lengthy clinical scenarios - Questions were long case-based vignettes, not short one-liners
2. Tricky options - Even when the question stem was clear, the answer choices were close and tricky
3. Clinically oriented throughout - Both pre-clinical and clinical subjects were framed in clinical contexts
4. Integrated questions - Single questions combined concepts from two subjects (e.g., Anatomy + Surgery, Physiology + Medicine)
5. 20+ video-based questions - A notable increase in video-based MCQs (ECG strips, procedural videos, clinical findings)
6. High image-based content - Pathology slides, radiology, ophthalmology images were prominent
7. Very few PYQs (Previous Year Questions) - Direct repeats were rare; however, "PYTs" (Previous Year Topics) were repeated in new question formats
8. Numerical/calculation-based questions - Especially in PSM/Community Medicine (biostatistics, rates)
9. Less rote memorization rewarded - Students who relied on memorisation found it difficult; concept-based preparation paid off

Subject-wise Observations

What the Exam Signalled for Future Aspirants

• Think like a clinician, not a memorizer - The exam is clearly moving toward NEET-PG style reasoning
• Video and image practice is no longer optional - 20+ video-based questions means you must practice ECG, radiology, and clinical video MCQs
• Integrated study beats subject-by-subject isolation - Revise with clinical connections across subjects
• Time management is a real challenge - Paper 1 especially was long; skipping and returning is a must strategy
• PYQ practice alone is insufficient - Topics repeat but in new formats; understand the concept behind each topic

Student Reactions Summary

• Many found Paper 1 unexpectedly tough and lengthy
• Paper 2 gave some relief and was considered more fair
• Students with strong clinical orientation (especially those who practiced question banks regularly) found it manageable
• One coaching faculty noted: "It was moderate to slightly difficult - almost 50+ direct questions were from high-yield sessions"