End of spinal cord at LI-LII - the cord does not extend the full length of the canal
Subarachnoid space, arachnoid mater, and dura mater
All spinal nerve levels (C1-C8, T1-T12, L1-L5, S1-S5, Co) exiting through intervertebral foramina
Spinal ganglia at each level
Fig. 2 - Intervertebral Foramen and Intervertebral Disc
This close-up lateral view shows:
The intervertebral disc (shown in blue) sitting between two vertebral bodies
The intervertebral foramen - the opening through which the spinal nerve exits
The zygapophysial joint (between superior and inferior articular processes)
Superior/inferior vertebral notches that together form the foramen boundary
The spinal nerve passing through the foramen, with the disc forming its anterior border
Key anatomical note: The intervertebral disc forms the anterior border of the intervertebral foramen. Disc herniation can therefore compress the exiting spinal nerve at that level, causing radiculopathy. - Gray's Anatomy for Students
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