SHORT ANSWERS - 1) Referred otalgia 2)Acute otalgia 3)Causes of pain in the ear 4) Bone anchored hearing aids 5) Vestibular Schwanoma — clinical features 6) Hitselberger’s sign 7) Glomus tympanicum 8)Crocodile tears 9) Exostosis in external auditory canal 10) Lermoyez syndrome 11) Treatment (acute attack) of Meniere’s disease 12)What is otosclerosis? What are its signs and symptoms? 13)Paracusis Willisi 15) Schwartz’s sign 16)Carhart’s notch 17)Management of otosclerosis 18) Mention extracranial complications of CSOM 19) List intracranial complications of CSOM 20) Griensinger's sign 21) Furunculosis of ear. 22) Bezold's abscess 23) Tympanic membrane 24) Test for malingering 25) Collaural fistula 26) Nerve supply of external ear. 27) Radilogical views for Ear. 28) Mac Evans triangle. 29) Fistula test Answer the following questions from ent dhingra as per RGUHS
| # | Topic | Key Point |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Referred Otalgia | Pain from remote sites via CN V, VII, IX, X, C2-C3 |
| 2 | Acute Otalgia | Furunculosis (most severe), AOM, otitis externa |
| 3 | Causes of Pain in Ear | Primary (otogenic) + Secondary (referred) |
| 4 | BAHA | Osseointegrated titanium implant; bypasses outer/middle ear |
| 5 | Vestibular Schwannoma | Unilateral SNHL + tinnitus + vertigo triad; MRI gold standard |
| 6 | Hitselberger's Sign | Hypoesthesia posterior EAC wall - early sign of acoustic neuroma |
| 7 | Glomus Tympanicum | Vascular mass on promontory; pulsatile tinnitus; Brown's sign |
| 8 | Crocodile Tears | Aberrant facial nerve regeneration - eating triggers lacrimation |
| 9 | Exostosis EAC | Surfer's ear; bilateral, sessile; cold water etiology |
| 10 | Lermoyez Syndrome | Hearing improves after vertigo attack - variant of Meniere's |
| 11 | Treatment Acute Meniere's | Bed rest + Prochlorperazine/Diazepam + antiemetics |
| 12 | Otosclerosis | Otic capsule spongy bone; stapes fixation; bilateral CHL |
| 13 | Paracusis Willisi | Hears better in noise - pathognomonic of CHL/otosclerosis |
| 15 | Schwartz's Sign | Flamingo pink blush - active otosclerosis (over fissula ante fenestram) |
| 16 | Carhart's Notch | BC dip at 2000 Hz; mechanical; reverses post-stapedectomy |
| 17 | Management Otosclerosis | Stapedotomy (preferred)/Stapedectomy; hearing aid; NaF |
| 18 | Extracranial Complications CSOM | Mastoiditis, Bezold's, subperiosteal abscess, petrositis, labyrinthitis |
| 19 | Intracranial Complications CSOM | Extradural abscess, meningitis, brain abscess, sigmoid sinus thrombosis |
| 20 | Griesinger's Sign | Posterior mastoid oedema = sigmoid sinus thrombosis |
| 21 | Furunculosis | Outer 1/3 EAC; Staph aureus; tragal tenderness; glycerine-ichthammol wick |
| 22 | Bezold's Abscess | Pus through mastoid tip medial cortex into neck under SCM |
| 23 | Tympanic Membrane | 3 layers; pars tensa + pars flaccida; cone of light anteroinferior |
| 24 | Tests for Malingering | Stenger's test (key); BERA (most reliable objective test) |
| 25 | Collaural Fistula | First branchial cleft remnant; EAC to neck; close to facial nerve |
| 26 | Nerve Supply External Ear | CN V3, CN VII, CN IX, CN X (Arnold's), C2-C3 |
| 27 | Radiological Views | Schuller's (mastoid), Stenver's (petrous/IAM), Towne's (compare IAM) |
| 28 | MacEwen's Triangle | Suprameatal triangle; antrum 1.5 cm deep in adults |
| 29 | Fistula Test | Pneumatic pressure → vertigo/nystagmus = lateral SCC fistula |