This medical anatomical diagram illustrates a superior view of the female pelvis and internal reproductive organs. Centrally, the uterus (a) is positioned posterior to the urinary bladder (f) and anterior to the rectum (g). Extending laterally from the uterine horns are the round ligaments (b), fallopian tubes (c), and the ovaries (d), which are anchored by the ovarian ligaments (e). The broad ligament (h) is depicted as a wide peritoneal fold draping over these structures and extending to the pelvic side walls. A dashed line indicates the path of the ureteric fold (i) beneath the peritoneum. Notably, the diagram highlights a broad ligament defect (j) on the left side, located caudal to the round ligament. This visual representation serves as an educational guide for identifying Type 1 defects according to the Cilley classification, which are clinically significant as potential sites for internal hernias of the bowel. The diagram uses a combination of solid lines for superficial structures and dashed lines for retroperitoneal or obscured landmarks, providing a clear topographic map of pelvic surgical anatomy.

This medical schematic illustrates a two-course radiotherapy data acquisition protocol for cervical cancer, highlighting the relationship between planning CTs and inter-fractional imaging. The diagram is divided into 'First Course' and 'Second Course' sections along a chronological 'Fractions' timeline. For each course, axial CT images of the female pelvis are shown. The first row displays the 'Planning CT' (labeled CT1 and CT2) used for initial dose calculation. The second row displays corresponding 'CTV contour' images (labeled CTV1 and CTV2), featuring a red outline superimposed on the anatomy to delineate the Clinical Target Volume (CTV), which includes the primary tumor, uterus, and regional pelvic lymph nodes. To the right of each planning phase, smaller 'Fraction CBCT' (Cone Beam CT) images represent daily imaging sessions (fractions 1-20 for the first course and 21-28 for the second). The diagram demonstrates the clinical workflow for adaptive radiotherapy, where a second planning CT is acquired mid-treatment to account for anatomical changes and tumor shrinkage.

This medical illustration demonstrates the surgical planning for a vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous (VRAM) flap. Image A shows a preoperative anatomical diagram of the flap donor site on a standing female torso. An elongated, vertical skin island is outlined on the right abdomen, revealing the underlying muscular anatomy, rectus abdominis fibers, and vascular supply, specifically the deep inferior epigastric vessels. The umbilical notch is clearly marked medially. Image B depicts the transposition of this VRAM flap into the pelvic region for reconstruction. The illustration shows the flap being tunneled into the pelvis to serve as a neovagina or to reconstruct the posterior vaginal wall. Surgical sutures and the tubular configuration of the flap are visible in the perineal region, highlighting the clinical application of pedicled muscle flaps in complex oncological or reconstructive pelvic surgery. This visual serves as an educational guide for understanding flap design, vascular pedicles, and reconstructive pathways in gynecological or plastic surgery.

This is an anatomical illustration of human dermatomes showing anterior and posterior views in a female. Imaging modality: digital schematic diagram; technique: color-coded segmentation of cutaneous nerve territories mapped to spinal roots (C1–C8, T1–T12, L1–L5, S1–S5) with V1–V3 referenced around the head and neck. The front and back views reveal bilateral, overlapping dermatome bands that color gradient from light to dark to emphasize boundaries. Regions covered include the face (trigeminal V1–V3), neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, upper and lower limbs. The torso shows thoracic dermatomes arranged in horizontal belts; the lumbar and sacral dermatomes extend into the hips, legs, and feet. Boundaries are schematic rather than exact anatomical demarcations, suitable for educational use. Pathophysiology implied includes sensory innervation by dorsal rami and ventral rami of spinal nerves; typical clinical relevance includes localization of neurologic deficits such as radiculopathy, herpes zoster reactivation along a dermatomal pattern, and planning of regional nerve blocks or sensory testing. This image supports medical education, anatomy review, clinical neurology practice, dermatology reference, and research on somatosensory mapping. Source attribution: Wikimedia Commons, Goran Tek-en, CC BY-SA 4.0; a freely available teaching resource. Users may print for classroom handouts or integrate into digital atlases and curricula for clinical training.

A composite image for medical education comprising a diagnostic radiological image (MRI) on the left and a corresponding anatomical diagram on the right, illustrating the pelvic floor and anal canal. The MRI shows a coronal view of the anorectal region, highlighting the muscular layers of the pelvic outlet. The anatomical diagram provides a schematic representation of the same structures for clarity. It labels the levator ani as a broad, striated muscle group superiorly that forms the pelvic diaphragm and descends to blend with the longitudinal muscle layer of the anal canal. The external sphincter is depicted as a distinct, thicker muscular cuff surrounding the distal portion of the anal canal, located inferior to the levator ani's main attachment points. This visual comparison is designed to teach the spatial relationships between the pelvic floor muscles and the terminal digestive tract, emphasizing the functional anatomy required for fecal continence. The educational focus is on identifying the levator ani and external sphincter during pelvic imaging and understanding their relative morphology.

This diagnostic image is an axial T2-weighted MRI of the male pelvis, focusing on the rectal and perirectal anatomy. To facilitate standardized localization, a clock face overlay is centered on the mesorectum. The prostate gland is highlighted with blue hatching in the anterior compartment, corresponding to the 10 o'clock to 2 o'clock positions. Posteriorly, the pelvic diaphragm (levator ani and coccygeal muscles) is delineated with orange hatching, primarily occupying the posterior quadrants between the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock positions. The image serves as an educational anatomical template for describing tumor location and surgical planes, particularly for extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE). Surrounding structures include the gluteal musculature, ischial tuberosities, and femoral heads, providing anatomical context for surgical oncology planning and postoperative assessment of the residual pelvic diaphragm.

This medical anatomical diagram illustrates a superior view of the female pelvis and internal reproductive organs. Centrally, the uterus (a) is positioned posterior to the urinary bladder (f) and anterior to the rectum (g). Extending laterally from the uterine horns are the round ligaments (b), fallopian tubes (c), and the ovaries (d), which are anchored by the ovarian ligaments (e). The broad ligament (h) is depicted as a wide peritoneal fold draping over these structures and extending to the pelvic side walls. A dashed line indicates the path of the ureteric fold (i) beneath the peritoneum. Notably, the diagram highlights a broad ligament defect (j) on the left side, located caudal to the round ligament. This visual representation serves as an educational guide for identifying Type 1 defects according to the Cilley classification, which are clinically significant as potential sites for internal hernias of the bowel. The diagram uses a combination of solid lines for superficial structures and dashed lines for retroperitoneal or obscured landmarks, providing a clear topographic map of pelvic surgical anatomy.