mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace/pharmacology-notes && ls /home/daytona/workspace/pharmacology-notes/

mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace/pharmacology-notes && python3 << 'EOF' from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4 from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle from reportlab.lib.colors import HexColor, white, black from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle, PageBreak, HRFlowable from reportlab.lib.units import cm from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY from reportlab.platypus import KeepTogether doc = SimpleDocTemplate( "/home/daytona/workspace/pharmacology-notes/Pharmacology_Easy_Notes_MBBS.pdf", pagesize=A4, rightMargin=2*cm, leftMargin=2*cm, topMargin=2*cm, bottomMargin=2*cm ) # Colors DARK_BLUE = HexColor("#1a3a5c") MED_BLUE = HexColor("#2e6da4") LIGHT_BLUE= HexColor("#d6e8f7") TEAL = HexColor("#0a7d6e") LIGHT_TEAL= HexColor("#d0f0eb") ORANGE = HexColor("#e07b00") LIGHT_ORG = HexColor("#fff3dd") RED = HexColor("#c0392b") LIGHT_RED = HexColor("#fde8e6") GRAY = HexColor("#f4f4f4") DGRAY = HexColor("#555555") styles = getSampleStyleSheet() # Custom styles title_style = ParagraphStyle("title", fontSize=26, textColor=white, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=4) subtitle_style = ParagraphStyle("subtitle", fontSize=13, textColor=HexColor("#d0e8ff"), fontName="Helvetica", alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=4) chapter_style = ParagraphStyle("ch", fontSize=16, textColor=white, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", alignment=TA_LEFT, spaceAfter=2, spaceBefore=4) h2_style = ParagraphStyle("h2", fontSize=13, textColor=DARK_BLUE, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", spaceBefore=10, spaceAfter=4) h3_style = ParagraphStyle("h3", fontSize=11, textColor=TEAL, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", spaceBefore=6, spaceAfter=2) body_style = ParagraphStyle("body", fontSize=9.5, textColor=black, fontName="Helvetica", leading=14, spaceAfter=3, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY) bullet_style = ParagraphStyle("bullet", fontSize=9.5, textColor=black, fontName="Helvetica", leading=13, leftIndent=14, spaceAfter=2, bulletIndent=4) key_style = ParagraphStyle("key", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_BLUE, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", leading=13, leftIndent=14, spaceAfter=2) note_style = ParagraphStyle("note", fontSize=9, textColor=HexColor("#6b3a00"), fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", leading=12, leftIndent=8, spaceAfter=2) def chapter_banner(text, color=DARK_BLUE): t = Table([[Paragraph(text, chapter_style)]], colWidths=[17*cm]) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), color), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8), ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 12), ("ROUNDEDCORNERS", [4,4,4,4]), ])) return t def info_box(title, items, bg=LIGHT_BLUE, title_color=MED_BLUE): rows = [[Paragraph(f"<b>{title}</b>", ParagraphStyle("bt", fontSize=10, textColor=title_color, fontName="Helvetica-Bold"))]] for item in items: rows.append([Paragraph(f"• {item}", body_style)]) t = Table(rows, colWidths=[16.5*cm]) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (0,0), bg), ("BACKGROUND", (0,1), (-1,-1), HexColor("#f9fcff")), ("BOX", (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.8, title_color), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 4), ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10), ])) return t def two_col_table(headers, rows, col_ratio=[0.35, 0.65]): cw = [17*cm*r for r in col_ratio] data = [[Paragraph(f"<b>{h}</b>", ParagraphStyle("th", fontSize=9.5, textColor=white, fontName="Helvetica-Bold")) for h in headers]] for r in rows: data.append([Paragraph(str(c), body_style) for c in r]) t = Table(data, colWidths=cw) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,0), DARK_BLUE), ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0,1), (-1,-1), [white, GRAY]), ("GRID", (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.4, HexColor("#cccccc")), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 4), ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8), ])) return t def mnemonic_box(mnemonic, meaning_list): lines = [Paragraph(f"<b>Mnemonic: {mnemonic}</b>", ParagraphStyle("mn", fontSize=10, textColor=ORANGE, fontName="Helvetica-Bold"))] for m in meaning_list: lines.append(Paragraph(f" {m}", body_style)) t = Table([[l] for l in lines], colWidths=[16.5*cm]) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), LIGHT_ORG), ("BOX", (0,0), (-1,-1), 1, ORANGE), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 4), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 3), ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10), ])) return t story = [] # ─── COVER PAGE ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── cover_bg = Table([[Paragraph("PHARMACOLOGY", ParagraphStyle("ct", fontSize=32, textColor=white, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", alignment=TA_CENTER)), ]], colWidths=[17*cm]) cover_bg.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), DARK_BLUE), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 30), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 30), ])) story.append(cover_bg) story.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm)) sub_box = Table([[Paragraph("Easy-Level Understanding Notes", ParagraphStyle("sb", fontSize=16, textColor=MED_BLUE, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", alignment=TA_CENTER)) ]], colWidths=[17*cm]) sub_box.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(-1,-1), LIGHT_BLUE), ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),10), ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),10), ])) story.append(sub_box) story.append(Spacer(1,0.3*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("For MBBS / MD Students | Based on Lippincott Illustrated Reviews", ParagraphStyle("info", fontSize=11, textColor=DGRAY, alignment=TA_CENTER))) story.append(Spacer(1,0.5*cm)) toc_data = [ ["#", "Chapter", "Topics Covered"], ["1", "Pharmacokinetics", "ADME, routes, half-life, clearance"], ["2", "Pharmacodynamics", "Receptors, dose-response, agonists/antagonists"], ["3", "Autonomic Pharmacology", "Cholinergic & adrenergic drugs"], ["4", "Cardiovascular Drugs", "Anti-HTN, anti-anginal, anti-arrhythmics, heart failure"], ["5", "CNS Pharmacology", "Sedatives, antidepressants, antipsychotics, opioids"], ["6", "Antimicrobials", "Antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals"], ["7", "Endocrine Pharmacology", "Diabetes, thyroid, corticosteroids"], ["8", "Renal & GI Pharmacology", "Diuretics, NSAIDs, GI drugs"], ["9", "Antineoplastics", "Cancer drug classes & mechanisms"], ] cws = [0.8*cm, 4.5*cm, 11*cm] toc = Table(toc_data, colWidths=cws) toc.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(-1,0), MED_BLUE), ("TEXTCOLOR",(0,0),(-1,0), white), ("FONTNAME",(0,0),(-1,0),"Helvetica-Bold"), ("FONTSIZE",(0,0),(-1,-1), 9), ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,1),(-1,-1),[white, GRAY]), ("GRID",(0,0),(-1,-1),0.4,HexColor("#cccccc")), ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5), ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),4), ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),6), ("ALIGN",(0,0),(0,-1),"CENTER"), ])) story.append(toc) story.append(PageBreak()) # ─── CHAPTER 1: PHARMACOKINETICS ─────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(chapter_banner("Chapter 1: Pharmacokinetics")) story.append(Spacer(1,0.3*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("What the BODY does to the DRUG", h2_style)) story.append(Paragraph( "Pharmacokinetics studies how a drug is <b>Absorbed, Distributed, Metabolized</b>, and <b>Eliminated</b> (ADME). " "These four processes determine the drug's concentration in the blood and tissues over time.", body_style)) story.append(mnemonic_box("ADME", [ "A – Absorption (drug enters the body)", "D – Distribution (drug spreads to tissues)", "M – Metabolism (drug is chemically changed)", "E – Elimination (drug leaves the body)", ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("1. Routes of Administration", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Route", "Key Features"], [ ["Oral (PO)", "Convenient, first-pass effect, slow onset"], ["Sublingual", "Avoids first-pass; rapid absorption (e.g. nitroglycerin)"], ["Intravenous (IV)", "Fastest onset, 100% bioavailability, no first-pass"], ["Intramuscular (IM)", "Faster than oral; depot preparations possible"], ["Subcutaneous (SC)", "Slower than IM; insulin, vaccines"], ["Transdermal", "Slow, sustained; avoids first-pass (e.g. fentanyl patch)"], ["Inhalation", "Rapid onset; used for asthma, anaesthesia"], ["Rectal", "Useful if oral not possible; partial first-pass bypass"], ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("2. Absorption", h2_style)) story.append(info_box("Key Concepts in Drug Absorption", [ "Passive diffusion: most common; drug moves down concentration gradient", "Ionization rule: lipophilic (non-ionized) drugs cross membranes easily", "Weak acids absorbed in stomach (low pH); weak bases absorbed in intestine (high pH)", "First-pass effect: drug metabolized in liver/gut wall before reaching systemic circulation → reduces bioavailability", "P-glycoprotein: efflux transporter that pumps drugs out of cells → reduces absorption", "Bioavailability (F): fraction of drug reaching systemic circulation unchanged", ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("3. Distribution", h2_style)) story.append(info_box("Key Concepts in Drug Distribution", [ "Volume of Distribution (Vd): hypothetical volume that drug would occupy if distributed uniformly at plasma concentration", "High Vd = drug distributed widely into tissues (e.g. chloroquine)", "Low Vd = drug stays in plasma (e.g. heparin, warfarin)", "Plasma protein binding: drugs bound to albumin/alpha-1-acid glycoprotein are NOT active", "Only free (unbound) drug is pharmacologically active", "Blood-brain barrier: only lipid-soluble, unbound drugs penetrate CNS", ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("4. Metabolism (Biotransformation)", h2_style)) story.append(Paragraph( "Primary site: <b>liver</b>. Goal: convert lipophilic drugs → hydrophilic → easier excretion.", body_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Phase", "Reaction Type / Example"], [ ["Phase I (Functionalization)", "Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis – CYP450 enzymes. Adds -OH, -NH2 groups"], ["Phase II (Conjugation)", "Glucuronidation, sulfation, acetylation. Makes drug water-soluble for excretion"], ["CYP3A4", "Metabolizes ~50% of drugs; induced by rifampicin, inhibited by ketoconazole"], ["CYP2D6", "Metabolizes codeine → morphine; genetic polymorphism (poor vs. ultra-rapid metabolizers)"], ["CYP2C9", "Metabolizes warfarin, phenytoin, NSAIDs"], ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("5. Elimination & Key Parameters", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Parameter", "Definition & Formula"], [ ["Half-life (t½)", "Time for plasma concentration to fall by 50%. t½ = 0.693 × Vd / Clearance"], ["Clearance (CL)", "Volume of plasma cleared of drug per unit time (mL/min)"], ["Steady State", "Reached after ~4-5 half-lives of constant dosing"], ["Loading Dose", "LD = Vd × Target Concentration / Bioavailability"], ["Maintenance Dose", "MD = CL × Target Concentration / Bioavailability"], ["Zero-order kinetics", "Constant amount eliminated per time (e.g. alcohol, phenytoin at high doses)"], ["First-order kinetics", "Constant fraction eliminated per time – most drugs"], ])) story.append(PageBreak()) # ─── CHAPTER 2: PHARMACODYNAMICS ─────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(chapter_banner("Chapter 2: Pharmacodynamics", MED_BLUE)) story.append(Spacer(1,0.3*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("What the DRUG does to the BODY", h2_style)) story.append(Paragraph( "Pharmacodynamics involves drug-receptor interactions, dose-response relationships, and the mechanisms " "by which drugs produce their effects.", body_style)) story.append(Paragraph("1. Drug Receptors", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Receptor Type", "Mechanism / Examples"], [ ["Ion channels (Type I)", "Drug opens/closes channels directly. Fast response. e.g. nicotinic ACh receptor, GABA-A"], ["G-protein coupled (Type II)", "7-transmembrane receptors. Slow. e.g. beta-adrenergic, muscarinic, opioid receptors"], ["Tyrosine kinase (Type III)", "Receptor is an enzyme. e.g. insulin receptor, growth factor receptors"], ["Intracellular (Type IV)", "Drug enters cell, binds nuclear receptor. Slowest. e.g. steroids, thyroid hormone"], ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("2. Agonists & Antagonists", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Drug Type", "Definition & Example"], [ ["Full Agonist", "Binds receptor, produces maximal response. e.g. morphine at mu-opioid receptor"], ["Partial Agonist", "Binds receptor, produces submaximal response. e.g. buprenorphine"], ["Inverse Agonist", "Binds receptor, produces opposite effect to agonist. e.g. some antihistamines"], ["Competitive Antagonist", "Reversibly blocks receptor. Effect overcome by increasing agonist dose. e.g. atropine, naloxone"], ["Non-competitive Antagonist", "Irreversibly blocks receptor. Can't be overcome by more agonist. e.g. phenoxybenzamine"], ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("3. Key Pharmacodynamic Concepts", h2_style)) story.append(info_box("Important Terms", [ "Potency: amount of drug needed to produce 50% of maximal effect (EC50). Lower EC50 = more potent", "Efficacy: maximum effect a drug can produce (Emax). More important clinically than potency", "Therapeutic Index (TI): LD50 / ED50. Wide TI = safer drug (e.g. penicillin). Narrow TI = dangerous (e.g. digoxin, warfarin, lithium)", "Tolerance: reduced response with repeated doses (e.g. opioids)", "Tachyphylaxis: rapid tolerance after just a few doses (e.g. nitrates)", "Idiosyncratic reaction: unexpected reaction not related to pharmacology (e.g. primaquine → hemolysis in G6PD deficiency)", ])) story.append(PageBreak()) # ─── CHAPTER 3: AUTONOMIC PHARMACOLOGY ───────────────────────────────────────── story.append(chapter_banner("Chapter 3: Autonomic Pharmacology", HexColor("#1a5c3a"))) story.append(Spacer(1,0.3*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("The autonomic nervous system (ANS) = Sympathetic + Parasympathetic", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Feature", "Sympathetic (Fight or Flight) vs. Parasympathetic (Rest & Digest)"], [ ["Neurotransmitter", "Norepinephrine (NE) / Epinephrine vs. Acetylcholine (ACh)"], ["Receptor types", "Alpha (α1, α2), Beta (β1, β2, β3) vs. Muscarinic (M1-M5), Nicotinic"], ["Heart rate", "Increases (β1) vs. Decreases (M2)"], ["Bronchi", "Dilates (β2) vs. Constricts (M3)"], ["GI motility", "Decreases (α, β) vs. Increases (M)"], ["Pupils", "Dilates - mydriasis (α1) vs. Constricts - miosis (M3)"], ["Bladder", "Relaxes (β2) vs. Contracts (M3)"], ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Cholinergic Drugs (ACh System)", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Drug / Class", "Mechanism & Use"], [ ["Muscarinic Agonists (e.g. pilocarpine, bethanechol)", "Activate M receptors. Uses: glaucoma (pilocarpine), urinary retention (bethanechol)"], ["Anticholinesterases (e.g. neostigmine, physostigmine)", "Inhibit AChE → more ACh. Uses: myasthenia gravis, glaucoma, reversal of NM blockade"], ["Organophosphates (irreversible AChE inhibitors)", "Nerve agents, insecticides. SLUDGE toxidrome (see below). Treat with atropine + pralidoxime"], ["Muscarinic Antagonists (Atropine)", "Block M receptors. Uses: bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning, pre-op (dry secretions)"], ["Ipratropium (inhaled anticholinergic)", "Bronchodilation in COPD/asthma"], ["Scopolamine", "Motion sickness (transdermal patch)"], ["Nicotinic Antagonists – Ganglionic blockers", "Hexamethonium: hypertensive emergency (historical)"], ["NMJ blockers – Non-depolarizing (e.g. rocuronium)", "Compete with ACh at NMJ. Reversed by neostigmine/sugammadex"], ["NMJ blockers – Depolarizing (succinylcholine)", "Causes persistent depolarization. Phase I block. Short-acting. Used for intubation"], ])) story.append(mnemonic_box("SLUDGE (Cholinergic toxidrome)", [ "S – Salivation | L – Lacrimation | U – Urination", "D – Diarrhea / Defecation | G – GI cramps | E – Emesis", ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Adrenergic Drugs (NE / Epinephrine System)", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Drug / Class", "Mechanism & Use"], [ ["Epinephrine", "α1, α2, β1, β2 agonist. Uses: anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, with local anesthetics"], ["Norepinephrine", "α1, α2, β1 agonist. Vasopressor for septic shock"], ["Dopamine (low dose)", "Dopaminergic receptors → renal vasodilation. High dose: β1, α1"], ["Dobutamine", "Selective β1 agonist → positive inotropy. Heart failure / cardiac stress test"], ["Salbutamol / Albuterol", "Selective β2 agonist → bronchodilation. Asthma/COPD"], ["Alpha-blockers (prazosin, doxazosin)", "Block α1 → vasodilation → ↓ BP. Also: BPH (tamsulosin)"], ["Phentolamine (non-selective α-blocker)", "Pheochromocytoma management"], ["Beta-blockers (propranolol, metoprolol)", "Block β receptors. Uses: HTN, angina, arrhythmias, heart failure, thyroid storm"], ["Clonidine", "Central α2 agonist → ↓ sympathetic outflow → ↓ BP. Also: ADHD, opioid withdrawal"], ])) story.append(PageBreak()) # ─── CHAPTER 4: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS ─────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(chapter_banner("Chapter 4: Cardiovascular Drugs", HexColor("#8b0000"))) story.append(Spacer(1,0.3*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Antihypertensive Drugs", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Class (Example)", "Mechanism | Side Effects"], [ ["ACE Inhibitors (enalapril, lisinopril)", "Block ACE → ↓ Angiotensin II, ↑ bradykinin → vasodilation. SE: dry cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia. Avoid in pregnancy"], ["ARBs (losartan, valsartan)", "Block AT1 receptor. Similar to ACEi but NO cough. Avoid in pregnancy"], ["Calcium Channel Blockers – Dihydropyridines (amlodipine, nifedipine)", "Block L-type Ca2+ channels in vessels → vasodilation. SE: peripheral edema, flushing, reflex tachycardia"], ["CCBs – Non-DHP (verapamil, diltiazem)", "Block Ca2+ in heart + vessels → ↓ HR, ↓ contractility. SE: bradycardia, constipation (verapamil)"], ["Beta-blockers (metoprolol, atenolol)", "↓ HR, ↓ CO. SE: bradycardia, fatigue, mask hypoglycemia, avoid in asthma"], ["Thiazide diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide)", "↓ Na+ reabsorption. SE: hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia"], ["Vasodilators (hydralazine)", "Direct arteriolar dilation. SE: reflex tachycardia, lupus-like syndrome. Safe in pregnancy"], ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Anti-Anginal Drugs", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Drug", "Mechanism | Use"], [ ["Nitrates (nitroglycerin, isosorbide)", "Release NO → ↑ cGMP → venodilation → ↓ preload → ↓ O2 demand. SE: headache, tachycardia, tolerance"], ["Beta-blockers", "↓ HR and contractility → ↓ O2 demand. First-line for stable angina"], ["Calcium channel blockers", "Vasodilation + ↓ HR (non-DHP). Good for variant (Prinzmetal's) angina"], ["Ranolazine", "Inhibits late Na+ current → ↓ O2 demand. Used when others fail (add-on)"], ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Heart Failure Drugs", h2_style)) story.append(info_box("Core Heart Failure Regimen (HFrEF)", [ "ACE Inhibitor or ARB – reduces preload & afterload, prevents remodeling", "Beta-blocker (carvedilol, metoprolol succinate) – reduces mortality", "Aldosterone antagonist (spironolactone, eplerenone) – reduces mortality", "Loop diuretic (furosemide) – relieves congestion/edema", "SGLT2 inhibitor (dapagliflozin, empagliflozin) – reduces hospitalizations & mortality", "Digoxin – positive inotrope; narrow TI; increases vagal tone, slows HR", "Dobutamine / Milrinone – acute decompensated heart failure (ICU)", ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Antiarrhythmic Drugs (Vaughan-Williams Classification)", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Class", "Drugs & Key Points"], [ ["Class I – Na+ channel blockers", "Ia: quinidine, procainamide. Ib: lidocaine (VT). Ic: flecainide (avoid post-MI)"], ["Class II – Beta-blockers", "Metoprolol, atenolol. ↓ SA node firing. Sinus tach, SVT, post-MI arrhythmias"], ["Class III – K+ channel blockers", "Amiodarone (broad), sotalol. ↑ action potential duration. AF, VF. Amiodarone SE: thyroid, pulmonary, liver toxicity"], ["Class IV – Ca2+ channel blockers", "Verapamil, diltiazem. ↓ AV conduction. SVT, rate control in AF"], ["Adenosine", "Slows AV node – diagnostic/terminates paroxysmal SVT. Very short t½ (10 sec)"], ["Digoxin", "↑ vagal tone → ↓ AV conduction. Rate control in AF, heart failure"], ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Lipid-Lowering Drugs", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Drug Class", "Mechanism | Effect"], [ ["Statins (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin)", "Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase → ↓ cholesterol synthesis → ↑ LDL receptors. SE: myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, ↑ LFTs"], ["Fibrates (fenofibrate, gemfibrozil)", "Activate PPAR-α → ↓ TG synthesis. Best for hypertriglyceridemia"], ["Niacin", "↓ VLDL secretion. Best for ↑ HDL. SE: flushing (give aspirin before)"], ["Ezetimibe", "Inhibits NPC1L1 → ↓ intestinal cholesterol absorption. Added to statins"], ["PCSK9 inhibitors (evolocumab)", "Monoclonal Ab → ↑ LDL receptor recycling → massive ↓ LDL"], ["Bile acid sequestrants (cholestyramine)", "Bind bile acids → ↑ bile acid synthesis → ↓ cholesterol"], ])) story.append(PageBreak()) # ─── CHAPTER 5: CNS PHARMACOLOGY ──────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(chapter_banner("Chapter 5: CNS Pharmacology", HexColor("#4b0082"))) story.append(Spacer(1,0.3*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Sedatives, Hypnotics & Anxiolytics", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Drug", "Mechanism | Use | Key SE"], [ ["Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam)", "Enhance GABA-A by ↑ Cl- channel frequency. Anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, alcohol withdrawal. SE: sedation, dependence"], ["Barbiturates (phenobarbital)", "Enhance GABA-A by ↑ Cl- channel duration. Narrower TI than BZDs. Overdose: fatal respiratory depression"], ["Zolpidem (Z-drug)", "Selective GABA-A agonist (omega-1 receptor). Insomnia. Less dependence than BZDs"], ["Buspirone", "Partial 5-HT1A agonist. Generalized anxiety disorder. No sedation, no dependence"], ["Flumazenil", "Benzodiazepine antidote. Competitive antagonist at BZD receptor"], ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Antidepressants", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Class", "Drugs | Mechanism | Key Points"], [ ["SSRIs (first-line)", "Fluoxetine, sertraline, escitalopram. Selectively inhibit serotonin reuptake. SE: GI upset, sexual dysfunction, serotonin syndrome, QT prolongation"], ["SNRIs", "Venlafaxine, duloxetine. Inhibit serotonin + NE reuptake. Also for neuropathic pain, anxiety"], ["TCAs (tricyclics)", "Amitriptyline, imipramine. Block 5-HT + NE reuptake + multiple receptors. SE: anticholinergic, sedation, cardiotoxic, lethal in overdose"], ["MAOIs", "Phenelzine, tranylcypromine. Inhibit MAO → ↑ monoamines. SE: hypertensive crisis with tyramine (cheese effect), serotonin syndrome"], ["Bupropion", "NE + dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Also used for smoking cessation. No sexual SE. SE: seizures"], ["Mirtazapine", "Alpha-2 blocker → ↑ NE + 5-HT. Antihistamine effect → sedation. Good for insomnia/weight loss"], ])) story.append(mnemonic_box("Serotonin Syndrome vs. NMS", ["Serotonin Syndrome: Serotonergic drugs → Fever + Tremor + Clonus + Agitation (treat with cyproheptadine)", "NMS: Antipsychotics → Fever + Rigidity + ↑ CPK + Autonomic instability (treat with dantrolene + bromocriptine)"])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Antipsychotics", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Class", "Drugs | Key Points"], [ ["Typical (1st gen)", "Haloperidol, chlorpromazine. Block D2 receptors. SE: EPS (dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia), hyperprolactinemia, NMS"], ["Atypical (2nd gen)", "Clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine. Block D2 + 5-HT2. Less EPS. SE: metabolic syndrome, weight gain"], ["Clozapine (special)", "Best for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Risk: agranulocytosis – requires WBC monitoring. No tardive dyskinesia"], ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Opioid Analgesics", h2_style)) story.append(info_box("Opioid Pharmacology", [ "Mechanism: activate Mu (μ), Kappa (κ), Delta (δ) opioid receptors → ↓ pain signaling, ↑ inhibitory neurons", "Mu receptor effects: analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression, constipation, miosis, physical dependence", "Strong opioids: morphine, fentanyl, oxycodone, hydromorphone", "Weak opioids: codeine, tramadol", "Fentanyl: 100x more potent than morphine; transdermal/IV", "Buprenorphine: partial mu agonist / kappa antagonist; used for opioid use disorder", "Methadone: full mu agonist; long t½; opioid maintenance therapy", "Naloxone (Narcan): pure opioid antagonist; reverses overdose (respiratory depression); short t½", "Opioid overdose triad: Miosis + Respiratory depression + Coma", ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs)", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Drug", "Mechanism | Seizure Type | Key SE"], [ ["Phenytoin", "Blocks Na+ channels. Tonic-clonic, focal. SE: gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, teratogenic, zero-order kinetics"], ["Valproate", "↑ GABA, ↓ Na+/Ca2+ channels. Broad spectrum. SE: hepatotoxicity, teratogenic (neural tube defects), pancreatitis, weight gain"], ["Carbamazepine", "Blocks Na+ channels. Focal seizures, trigeminal neuralgia. SE: SIADH, aplastic anemia, induces CYP"], ["Lamotrigine", "Blocks Na+ + Ca2+ channels. Broad spectrum. SE: Stevens-Johnson syndrome"], ["Ethosuximide", "Blocks T-type Ca2+ channels in thalamus. Absence seizures ONLY"], ["Levetiracetam", "Binds SV2A protein. Broad spectrum. SE: minimal, mood changes"], ["Benzodiazepines (IV)", "First-line for status epilepticus (lorazepam IV)"], ])) story.append(PageBreak()) # ─── CHAPTER 6: ANTIMICROBIALS ────────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(chapter_banner("Chapter 6: Antimicrobials", HexColor("#0a5c5c"))) story.append(Spacer(1,0.3*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Antibiotics by Mechanism", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Mechanism", "Drug Classes | Examples"], [ ["Inhibit cell wall synthesis", "Beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems), Vancomycin, Bacitracin"], ["Inhibit cell membrane", "Polymyxins (colistin, polymyxin B) – Gram-negative bacteria"], ["Inhibit protein synthesis (30S)", "Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, amikacin), Tetracyclines"], ["Inhibit protein synthesis (50S)", "Macrolides (azithromycin), Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Linezolid"], ["Inhibit DNA/RNA synthesis", "Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin – topoisomerase II/IV), Rifampin (RNA polymerase), Metronidazole"], ["Inhibit folate synthesis", "Sulfonamides (block PABA), Trimethoprim (blocks DHFR). Combined = Co-trimoxazole"], ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Key Antibiotic Classes", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Class", "Key Facts & Side Effects"], [ ["Penicillins (amoxicillin, piperacillin)", "Beta-lactam ring inhibits transpeptidase. SE: hypersensitivity, cross-react with cephalosporins (10%)"], ["Cephalosporins (1st-4th gen)", "1st gen: Gram+ (cefazolin). 3rd gen: Gram- (ceftriaxone – meningitis). 5th gen: MRSA (ceftaroline)"], ["Carbapenems (meropenem, imipenem)", "Broadest spectrum beta-lactam. SE: seizures (imipenem). For multi-drug resistant infections"], ["Vancomycin", "Inhibits cell wall by binding D-Ala-D-Ala. For MRSA, C. difficile (oral). SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, Red Man Syndrome (infusion)"], ["Aminoglycosides (gentamicin)", "Irreversible binding to 30S. Requires aerobic conditions. SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity"], ["Macrolides (azithromycin)", "Bind 50S. Community-acquired pneumonia, atypical organisms. SE: QT prolongation, GI upset"], ["Tetracyclines (doxycycline)", "Bind 30S. Atypicals, Lyme disease, acne. SE: photosensitivity, avoid in pregnancy/children (teeth)"], ["Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin)", "Inhibit topoisomerase II/IV. UTI, respiratory. SE: tendon rupture, QT prolongation, avoid in children"], ["Metronidazole", "Anaerobes, protozoa. SE: disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol"], ["Clindamycin", "50S inhibitor. Anaerobes, MRSA skin. SE: C. difficile pseudomembranous colitis"], ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Antifungals", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Drug", "Mechanism | Use"], [ ["Amphotericin B", "Binds ergosterol → membrane pores. Systemic fungal infections. SE: nephrotoxicity, infusion reactions ('shake and bake')"], ["Azoles (fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole)", "Inhibit CYP51 (lanosterol → ergosterol). Candida (fluconazole), Aspergillus (voriconazole). SE: inhibit CYP450, ↑ drug levels"], ["Echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin)", "Inhibit beta-glucan synthase (fungal cell wall). Invasive Candida/Aspergillus. Minimal SE"], ["Griseofulvin", "Interferes with microtubule assembly. Dermatophyte infections (ringworm, tinea). Oral"], ["Terbinafine", "Inhibit squalene epoxidase. Onychomycosis (nail fungal). Topical or oral"], ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Antivirals", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Drug", "Virus | Mechanism"], [ ["Acyclovir", "HSV, VZV. Nucleoside analog, inhibits viral DNA polymerase (requires viral thymidine kinase for activation)"], ["Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)", "Influenza A & B. Inhibits neuraminidase → prevents virus release"], ["Tenofovir, Emtricitabine", "HIV, Hep B. Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)"], ["Efavirenz, Nevirapine", "HIV. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). SE: efavirenz – vivid dreams, teratogenic"], ["Ritonavir, Lopinavir", "HIV. Protease inhibitors → immature viral particles. Strong CYP3A4 inhibitor (ritonavir used as 'booster')"], ["Integrase inhibitors (raltegravir, dolutegravir)", "HIV. Block viral DNA integration into host genome. Well tolerated, preferred first-line"], ["Sofosbuvir, ledipasvir", "Hepatitis C. Direct-acting antivirals. Near 100% cure rates. Minimal side effects"], ["Entecavir", "Hepatitis B. Nucleoside analog, inhibits HBV DNA polymerase"], ])) story.append(PageBreak()) # ─── CHAPTER 7: ENDOCRINE PHARMACOLOGY ────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(chapter_banner("Chapter 7: Endocrine Pharmacology", HexColor("#5c3a1a"))) story.append(Spacer(1,0.3*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Antidiabetic Drugs", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Drug Class", "Mechanism | Key Facts"], [ ["Insulin (many types)", "Binds insulin receptor (tyrosine kinase). Lispro/Aspart: rapid-acting. Glargine/Detemir: long-acting. SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain"], ["Metformin (first-line)", "Activates AMPK → ↓ hepatic gluconeogenesis. No hypoglycemia. SE: GI upset, lactic acidosis (rare). Contraindicated in renal failure"], ["Sulfonylureas (glipizide, glibenclamide)", "Close K+ channels → depolarize beta cell → insulin release. SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain"], ["DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin -gliptins)", "Inhibit DPP-4 → ↑ GLP-1 → ↑ insulin, ↓ glucagon. SE: nasopharyngitis. Weight neutral"], ["GLP-1 agonists (liraglutide, semaglutide)", "Mimic GLP-1 → ↑ insulin, ↓ glucagon, ↓ appetite, slows gastric emptying. Weight loss. SE: nausea. Cardioprotective"], ["SGLT2 inhibitors (dapagliflozin, empagliflozin)", "Block SGLT2 in kidney → ↑ glucose excretion. Weight loss, ↓ BP. SE: UTI, genital infections, DKA. Cardioprotective + renoprotective"], ["Thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone)", "PPAR-γ agonist → ↑ insulin sensitivity. SE: weight gain, fluid retention, bladder cancer risk"], ["Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose)", "Inhibit starch digestion → ↓ postprandial glucose. SE: flatulence, GI upset"], ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Thyroid Pharmacology", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Drug", "Use | Mechanism | SE"], [ ["Levothyroxine (T4)", "Hypothyroidism. Synthetic T4. Converted to active T3 in tissues. SE: tachycardia, bone loss if overdosed"], ["Propylthiouracil (PTU)", "Hyperthyroidism. Blocks TPO → ↓ T3/T4 synthesis. Also blocks peripheral T4 → T3 conversion. SE: agranulocytosis, hepatotoxicity. Preferred in 1st trimester"], ["Methimazole", "Hyperthyroidism. Blocks TPO. SE: agranulocytosis, teratogenic. Preferred over PTU (except 1st trimester)"], ["Radioactive Iodine (I-131)", "Hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer. Destroys thyroid tissue. CI in pregnancy"], ["Lugol's Iodine / KI (high-dose iodine)", "Wolf-Chaikoff effect → temporarily ↓ thyroid hormone. Pre-op for thyroid storm"], ["Propranolol (beta-blocker)", "Controls symptoms of hyperthyroidism (tachycardia, tremor). Also blocks T4→T3 conversion"], ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Corticosteroids", h2_style)) story.append(info_box("Key Points on Steroids", [ "Mechanism: bind intracellular glucocorticoid receptor → gene transcription → ↓ inflammation", "Hydrocortisone: highest mineralocorticoid activity, used for adrenal insufficiency", "Prednisolone: 4x more potent than hydrocortisone. Used for inflammatory conditions", "Dexamethasone: 25x more potent; no mineralocorticoid activity; used for cerebral edema, meningitis, croup, COVID-19 (ICU)", "Beclomethasone: inhaled steroid for asthma", "Side effects of chronic steroids (CUSHINGS): Cataracts, Ulcers, Skin thinning, Hypertension, Infections, Necrosis (avascular), Growth retardation, Sugar (hyperglycemia)", "Abrupt withdrawal can cause adrenal crisis (taper steroids gradually)", ])) story.append(PageBreak()) # ─── CHAPTER 8: RENAL & GI ───────────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(chapter_banner("Chapter 8: Renal & GI Pharmacology", HexColor("#1a3a5c"))) story.append(Spacer(1,0.3*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Diuretics", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Class", "Site of Action | Mechanism | Uses | SE"], [ ["Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide)", "PCT – inhibit CA → ↓ HCO3- reabsorption. Glaucoma, altitude sickness. SE: metabolic acidosis"], ["Loop diuretics (furosemide, bumetanide)", "Thick ascending loop – block Na-K-2Cl transporter. Most powerful diuretics. HF, pulmonary edema. SE: hypokalemia, ototoxicity, hypomagnesemia"], ["Thiazides (hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone)", "DCT – block Na-Cl cotransporter. HTN, mild edema. SE: hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia"], ["K+-sparing diuretics (spironolactone, eplerenone)", "Collecting duct – aldosterone antagonist. SE: hyperkalemia, gynecomastia (spironolactone)"], ["K+-sparing diuretics (amiloride, triamterene)", "Collecting duct – block ENaC channels. SE: hyperkalemia"], ["Osmotic diuretics (mannitol)", "Freely filtered, not reabsorbed. ↓ intracranial/intraocular pressure. SE: initial volume expansion"], ])) story.append(mnemonic_box("Diuretics Site Mnemonic: PCT → Loop → DCT → CD", ["Remember: 'Acet-A-zolamide PCT' | 'Loop = Furosemide' | 'THiazide = DC-T' | 'Spiro = Collecting Duct'"])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("NSAIDs & Analgesics", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Drug", "Mechanism | Use | SE"], [ ["Non-selective NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen)", "Inhibit COX-1 + COX-2 → ↓ prostaglandins. Pain, fever, inflammation. SE: GI ulcers (COX-1), renal impairment, platelet dysfunction"], ["Selective COX-2 inhibitors (celecoxib)", "Inhibit COX-2 only → ↓ GI SE. SE: ↑ cardiovascular risk (Vioxx controversy)"], ["Aspirin (low dose)", "Irreversibly acetylates COX-1 → ↓ TXA2 → antiplatelet. Antiplatelet: 75-150 mg. Analgesic: 600 mg. Reye syndrome in children"], ["Paracetamol/Acetaminophen", "Mechanism unclear (weak COX inhibition). Antipyretic + analgesic. No anti-inflammatory. SE: hepatotoxicity in overdose (N-acetylcysteine antidote)"], ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("GI Pharmacology", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Drug Class", "Drugs | Mechanism | Use"], [ ["Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)", "Omeprazole, pantoprazole. Irreversibly inhibit H+/K+-ATPase. Most effective acid suppression. Peptic ulcer, GERD, H. pylori eradication"], ["H2 blockers", "Ranitidine, famotidine. Block H2 receptors → ↓ acid. Less effective than PPIs. OTC for heartburn"], ["Antacids", "Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3, CaCO3. Neutralize HCl. SE: Mg → diarrhea; Al → constipation"], ["Sucralfate", "Forms protective paste over ulcer. Give on empty stomach. Avoid with antacids"], ["Misoprostol", "PGE1 analog → ↓ acid, ↑ mucus. Prevent NSAID ulcers. Also: labor induction"], ["Antiemetics", "Ondansetron (5-HT3 blocker), Metoclopramide (D2 blocker + prokinetic), Prochlorperazine, Promethazine, Scopolamine"], ["Laxatives", "Bulk-forming: psyllium. Osmotic: lactulose (hepatic encephalopathy), PEG. Stimulant: senna, bisacodyl. Stool softener: docusate"], ["Antidiarrheals", "Loperamide: mu-opioid agonist in GI (does not cross BBB). ORS for dehydration"], ["IBD drugs", "Mesalazine (5-ASA) for UC; Azathioprine, biologics (infliximab) for Crohn's; Corticosteroids for flares"], ])) story.append(PageBreak()) # ─── CHAPTER 9: ANTINEOPLASTICS ───────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(chapter_banner("Chapter 9: Antineoplastic (Cancer) Drugs", HexColor("#3a0a5c"))) story.append(Spacer(1,0.3*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Cancer Drug Classes", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Class", "Examples | Mechanism | Key Toxicities"], [ ["Alkylating agents", "Cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, cisplatin. Cross-link DNA strands → prevent replication. SE: myelosuppression, hemorrhagic cystitis (cyclophosphamide – give mesna), nephrotoxicity (cisplatin)"], ["Antimetabolites", "Methotrexate (DHFR inhibitor → ↓ folate), 5-FU (inhibits thymidylate synthase), 6-Mercaptopurine, Cytarabine. SE: myelosuppression, mucositis"], ["Antitumor antibiotics", "Doxorubicin (intercalates DNA + inhibits Topo II). SE: cardiotoxicity (cumulative), alopecia. Bleomycin: SE: pulmonary fibrosis"], ["Microtubule inhibitors – Vinca alkaloids", "Vincristine, vinblastine. Inhibit tubulin polymerization. SE: peripheral neuropathy (vincristine), myelosuppression (vinblastine)"], ["Microtubule inhibitors – Taxanes", "Paclitaxel, docetaxel. Stabilize microtubules → prevent depolymerization. SE: myelosuppression, peripheral neuropathy, alopecia"], ["Topoisomerase inhibitors", "Irinotecan (Topo I), Etoposide (Topo II). SE: myelosuppression, diarrhea (irinotecan)"], ["Targeted therapy – Tyrosine kinase inhibitors", "Imatinib (BCR-ABL in CML), Erlotinib (EGFR in NSCLC), Trastuzumab (HER2 in breast cancer). SE: relatively specific, cardiotoxicity (trastuzumab)"], ["Monoclonal antibodies", "Rituximab (anti-CD20, B-cell lymphoma), Bevacizumab (anti-VEGF), Pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor)"], ["Hormone therapy", "Tamoxifen (SERM, ER+ breast cancer), Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole, anastrozole), Leuprolide (GnRH agonist for prostate cancer)"], ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(info_box("Cell-Cycle Specificity", [ "Cell-cycle specific: Antimetabolites (S-phase), Vinca alkaloids & taxanes (M-phase), Etoposide (S/G2)", "Cell-cycle NON-specific: Alkylating agents, antitumor antibiotics, platinum drugs", "Myelosuppression is the most common dose-limiting SE of most chemotherapy agents", "Nadir (lowest WBC): usually 10-14 days after chemo → risk of infection", ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) # Quick Reference Summary Table story.append(Paragraph("Quick Reference: Drug – Antidotes / Reversal Agents", h2_style)) story.append(two_col_table(["Drug / Toxin", "Antidote / Treatment"], [ ["Benzodiazepines", "Flumazenil"], ["Opioids", "Naloxone (Narcan)"], ["Paracetamol/Acetaminophen", "N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)"], ["Organophosphates", "Atropine + Pralidoxime"], ["Digoxin toxicity", "Digoxin-specific antibody fragments (Digibind)"], ["Warfarin", "Vitamin K (slow reversal), FFP/PCC (rapid), Idarucizumab (dabigatran)"], ["Heparin", "Protamine sulfate"], ["Methanol / Ethylene glycol", "Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor) + dialysis"], ["Iron overdose", "Deferoxamine"], ["Lead poisoning", "EDTA (severe), Dimercaprol (BAL), DMSA/Succimer (children)"], ["Carbon monoxide", "100% O2 / Hyperbaric O2"], ["Cyanide", "Hydroxocobalamin / Sodium thiosulfate"], ["Methotrexate", "Leucovorin (folinic acid)"], ["Cyclophosphamide hemorrhagic cystitis", "Mesna + aggressive hydration"], ["Beta-blocker overdose", "Glucagon, high-dose insulin, lipid emulsion"], ])) story.append(Spacer(1,0.3*cm)) story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=1, color=DARK_BLUE)) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("End of Notes | Source: Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology (7th Ed.)", ParagraphStyle("end", fontSize=8.5, textColor=DGRAY, alignment=TA_CENTER))) doc.build(story) print("PDF created successfully!") EOF