Development and Evaluation of Drishti Care - a Mobile App for Computer

Development and Evaluation of Drishti Care - a Mobile App for Computer Vision Syndrome Assessment and Management Using CVS-Q, Screen-Time Tracking, and Behavioral Advice: A Prospective Study” Please prepare title for research proposal title for Ccras spark in 25 words

Reading File

Development and Prospective Evaluation of Drishti Care, a Mobile App Integrating CVS-Q Assessment, Screen-Time Tracking, and Behavioral Guidance for Computer Vision Syndrome Management in Adults

More simple but scientifically correct versions

Here are simpler, scientifically appropriate titles, each within 25 words:

Development and Evaluation of Drishti Care: A Mobile App for Computer Vision Syndrome Assessment and Management Using CVS-Q, Screen-Time Tracking, and Behavioral Advice in Adults
Drishti Care: Development and Prospective Evaluation of a Mobile App for Computer Vision Syndrome Assessment, Screen-Time Monitoring, and Behavioral Advice
Development of Drishti Care, a Mobile App for Assessment and Management of Computer Vision Syndrome Through CVS-Q and Screen-Time Tracking
Prospective Evaluation of Drishti Care for Computer Vision Syndrome Assessment and Management Using CVS-Q, Screen-Time Tracking, and Behavioral Guidance
Development and Evaluation of a Mobile Application for Computer Vision Syndrome Assessment, Screen-Time Tracking, and Behavioral Management

Recommended title:

Development and Evaluation of Drishti Care: A Mobile App for Computer Vision Syndrome Assessment and Management Using CVS-Q, Screen-Time Tracking, and Behavioral Advice in Adults

Start with app name

Drishti Care: Development and Evaluation of a Mobile App for Computer Vision Syndrome Assessment and Management Using CVS-Q, Screen-Time Tracking, and Behavioral Advice

I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and Significance The global proliferation of digital devices has created an epidemic of screen-related eye disorders collectively termed Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) or Digital Eye Strain (DES). CVS encompasses a spectrum of ocular and non-ocular symptoms that develop from prolonged viewing of electronic displays including computers, tablets, and smartphones. Ocular symptoms include asthenopia, dry eye, blurred vision, and diplopia; non-ocular symptoms include headache, neck pain, and shoulder stiffness. Pathophysiology of CVS Reduced blink rate: Normal blink rate is 15-20/minute. During screen use it drops to 3-9/minute, causing tear film instability and corneal epithelial disruption. Each additional blink/minute reduces CVS-Q score by ~1.26 points (Rodrigues e Mateus, 2020). Accommodative stress: Sustained ciliary muscle contraction during near-focus work causes accommodative fatigue and blurred distance vision. Blue light exposure (400-500 nm): High-energy visible blue light from LED screens contributes to phototoxic retinal stress and melatonin suppression, disrupting circadian rhythm. Ergonomic factors: Improper screen distance (ideal: 50-70 cm), screen height above eye level, glare, and low contrast amplify symptom burden. Uncorrected refractive errors: Myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia substantially worsen CVS when unaddressed. 1.2 Epidemiological Burden • A 2024 systematic review and meta-analysis (Ccami-Bernal et al., PMID: 37866176) of 103 cross-sectional studies (n=66,577) found overall CVS prevalence of 69.0% (95% CI: 62.3-75.3%), rising to 76.1% among university students. • During the COVID-19 pandemic, pooled CVS prevalence reached 74% (95% CI: 66-81%) across 18 studies in 12 countries (León-Figueroa et al., PMID: 38424562). • At the University of Illinois, 77.1% of undergraduates and 69.1% of medical students met CVS criteria during online learning (Wang et al., PMID: 37064959). • Women report higher prevalence (71.4%) vs. men (61.8%); contact lens wearers are at greater risk (73.1% vs. 63.8%). • A 2025 comprehensive review (Kahal et al., PMID: 40055942) confirms AI and digital tools as emerging effective interventions, while blue-light glasses alone show limited efficacy. 1.3 The CVS-Q: Gold-Standard Validated Instrument The Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q), developed by Segui et al. (J Clin Epidemiol, 2015), assesses 16 symptoms across frequency (0=never to 3=always) and intensity (1=mild to 3=intense) domains. A composite score >= 6 classifies CVS. Validated in English, Spanish, and Portuguese with Cronbach's alpha > 0.80. 1.4 Evidence for Behavioral Interventions The 20-20-20 rule (every 20 minutes, look 20 feet away for 20 seconds) allows ciliary muscle relaxation and is endorsed by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. A 2020 RCT (Alrasheed & Alghamdi) demonstrated significant CVS reduction with 20-20-20 education. Consistent break intervals reduce symptom severity by 60-70%. Blink training and structured eye exercises (palming, near-far shifts, convergence exercises) reduce asthenopia and improve accommodative flexibility. A 2024 review (Romeo et al., PMID: 39728920) confirmed that digital tools improving blink dynamics yield measurable ocular comfort improvements. 1.5 Gap in Existing Tools and Rationale for EyeGuard Current mHealth applications for eye health are fragmented. No validated, integrated platform simultaneously provides: (1) a clinically validated CVS-Q, (2) automated screen-time monitoring, (3) behavioral nudges with adherence tracking, (4) structured guided eye exercise video modules, and (5) longitudinal symptom trajectory visualization. EyeGuard is designed to fill this gap with a low-cost, scalable, evidence-based mobile solution.make it within 300 words

Reading File

Searching the Web

Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire CVS-Q 16 symptoms score 6 Segui 2015

Searching PubMed

computer vision syndrome digital intervention

I. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background and Significance

Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), also called Digital Eye Strain (DES), refers to ocular and musculoskeletal symptoms associated with prolonged use of computers, smartphones, and other digital displays. Common ocular symptoms include eye strain, dryness, blurred vision, burning, and difficulty focusing. Non-ocular symptoms include headache, neck pain, and shoulder stiffness.

CVS is multifactorial. Reduced blinking during screen viewing causes tear-film instability and dry-eye symptoms. Sustained near work can produce accommodative fatigue and transient blurred vision. Poor ergonomics, glare, inappropriate viewing distance, inadequate contrast, prolonged uninterrupted screen time, and uncorrected refractive errors may further increase symptoms. Blue light from screens may affect sleep timing in some users, although evidence that routine screen exposure causes retinal damage remains limited.

1.2 Epidemiological Burden

CVS is common among students and working adults who use digital devices extensively. A 2024 systematic review and meta-analysis involving 103 studies and 66,577 participants reported an overall prevalence of 69%, rising to 76.1% among university students. Higher symptom burden has been reported among individuals with prolonged screen exposure, inadequate breaks, contact-lens use, and uncorrected visual problems.

1.3 CVS-Q Assessment Tool

The Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q) is a validated 16-item instrument developed by Seguí et al. It evaluates the frequency and intensity of common CVS symptoms and provides a composite score. A score of 6 or more is commonly used to identify CVS. The tool offers a practical method for baseline assessment and monitoring symptom change over time.

1.4 Rationale for Drishti Care

Behavioral strategies, including regular visual breaks, blink awareness, ergonomic advice, and appropriate screen habits, may help reduce CVS symptoms. However, available eye-health applications are often fragmented and lack validated symptom assessment and longitudinal monitoring.

Drishti Care is proposed as an integrated mobile application combining CVS-Q assessment, screen-time tracking, behavioral reminders, guided eye-care advice, and symptom-trend visualization. The app aims to provide a low-cost, accessible, and scalable approach for early identification and self-management of CVS.

implications

Reading File

Searching the Web

computer vision syndrome mobile health behavioral interventions screen time tracking digital eye strain evidence 2024

1.6 Implications of the Study

This study may demonstrate the usefulness of Drishti Care as an accessible digital tool for early identification and self-management of Computer Vision Syndrome. By combining validated CVS-Q assessment with screen-time monitoring, behavioral reminders, and eye-care guidance, the app may help users recognize symptoms, improve screen-use habits, and adopt preventive practices such as regular visual breaks and blink awareness.

If effective, Drishti Care could support students, office workers, and frequent smartphone users who are at increased risk of CVS. It may also reduce the need for delayed consultation by encouraging timely eye examination when symptoms persist or worsen. The application is intended to complement, not replace, professional ophthalmic or optometric assessment.

At a public-health level, the app could provide a low-cost and scalable method for promoting digital eye health in educational institutions and workplaces. Longitudinal CVS-Q and screen-time data may also help researchers understand symptom patterns, behavioral adherence, and the effectiveness of digital interventions for CVS.

make it concise n precise implication

Implications of the Study

Drishti Care may provide a simple, low-cost tool for early assessment and self-management of Computer Vision Syndrome. By tracking symptoms and screen time, and providing behavioral reminders, it may promote healthier digital-device habits and reduce CVS symptoms among frequent screen users. The app can support, but not replace, professional eye-care consultation.

in 700 characters

Implications of the Study

Drishti Care may offer a practical, low-cost, and scalable approach for early assessment and self-management of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). By combining CVS-Q screening, screen-time tracking, and behavioral advice, it may improve awareness of unhealthy screen-use patterns and encourage regular breaks, blink awareness, and ergonomic practices. The app may help reduce CVS symptoms among students and working adults with frequent digital-device use. It can support preventive eye-health programs in educational and workplace settings, while encouraging users with persistent or severe symptoms to seek professional eye-care consultation.

methodology in 800 words

Reading File

Searching PubMed

computer vision syndrome questionnaire CVS-Q validation

Searching the Web

CVS-Q Segui validated questionnaire computer vision syndrome 16 symptoms threshold 6

II. METHODOLOGY

2.1 Study Design

This will be a prospective, single-arm, pre-post interventional study to develop and evaluate Drishti Care, a mobile application for assessment and self-management of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). The study will assess the feasibility, usability, adherence, and preliminary effectiveness of the app over a four-week period.

2.2 Study Setting and Duration

The study will be conducted at [name of institution/college] among students and working adults who regularly use digital devices. The total study duration will be approximately 6 months, including application development, pilot testing, participant recruitment, intervention, data collection, and analysis. Each participant will be followed for 4 weeks.

2.3 Study Population

Participants aged 18-40 years who use smartphones, computers, tablets, or other digital screens for at least 4 hours per day will be recruited through institutional notices, social-media posts, and direct invitation.

Inclusion Criteria

Age 18-40 years.
Daily digital-device use of at least 4 hours.
Ownership of an Android smartphone compatible with the application.
Ability to read and understand the study language.
Willingness to provide written informed consent and use the application for 4 weeks.

Exclusion Criteria

History of major ocular disease, ocular surgery within the previous 6 months, or active eye infection.
Diagnosed severe dry eye disease requiring regular medical treatment.
Presence of serious visual impairment not corrected with spectacles or contact lenses.
Current use of medications likely to cause significant ocular dryness, where feasible to determine.
Participants reporting red-flag symptoms such as sudden loss of vision, severe eye pain, persistent diplopia, flashes, or floaters will be excluded and advised to seek ophthalmic consultation.

2.4 Sample Size and Sampling Method

As this is an exploratory pilot study, a convenience sample of 60 participants will be recruited. This sample size is considered adequate to assess feasibility, usability, adherence, technical performance, and preliminary changes in CVS symptoms. An additional 10-15% recruitment may be considered to compensate for possible loss to follow-up.

2.5 Development of Drishti Care Application

Drishti Care will be developed for Android smartphones. The application will be designed in consultation with experts in ophthalmology, public health, behavioral science, and mobile-app development. The content will be reviewed for scientific accuracy, clarity, and user suitability.

The application will include the following components:

CVS-Q assessment: A digital version of the 16-item Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire will be used to assess frequency and intensity of CVS-related symptoms. A CVS-Q score of 6 or more will be considered suggestive of CVS.
Screen-time tracking: The application will record or import device screen-time data after participant permission. Data access will be limited to screen-use duration and app-use information relevant to the study.
Behavioral reminders: Participants will receive reminders to follow healthy screen-use habits, including the 20-20-20 rule, regular blinking, adequate hydration, appropriate viewing distance, reduced glare, and correct posture.
Eye-care guidance: The app will provide short educational modules on digital eye strain, screen ergonomics, blink awareness, visual breaks, and indications for professional eye-care consultation.
Adherence monitoring: The application will record completion of CVS-Q assessments, viewing of educational content, response to reminders, and self-reported adoption of recommended practices.
Symptom visualization: Participants will be able to view their symptom scores and screen-time pattern over the study period.

Before implementation, the app will undergo internal testing to identify technical errors, improve user navigation, and ensure confidentiality of stored information.

2.6 Study Procedure

At baseline, eligible participants will provide written informed consent. Demographic details, occupation or academic status, daily screen exposure, use of spectacles or contact lenses, and relevant ocular history will be recorded. Baseline CVS symptoms will be assessed using the CVS-Q. Baseline average daily screen time will also be documented.

Participants will then install Drishti Care on their smartphones and receive a brief orientation on its features. They will be instructed to use the application daily for four weeks. The application will provide behavioral advice and reminders, while participants will be encouraged to follow recommended practices during digital-device use.

At the end of the second week, participants will receive an in-app prompt to complete a brief adherence check. At the end of four weeks, participants will complete the CVS-Q again and provide feedback on usability, satisfaction, perceived usefulness, technical difficulties, and willingness to continue using the app.

2.7 Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome

Change in mean CVS-Q score from baseline to 4 weeks.

Secondary Outcomes

Proportion of participants with CVS-Q score ≥6 at baseline and follow-up.
Change in self-reported average daily screen time.
Adherence to app-based reminders and behavioral recommendations.
Frequency of use of educational modules and eye-care advice.
User satisfaction and usability score.
Technical feasibility, including app installation, completion rate, and retention rate.

2.8 Data Management and Statistical Analysis

Each participant will be assigned a unique identification number. Personal identifiers will be stored separately from study data. Data will be password-protected and accessible only to the research team.

Data will be analyzed using appropriate statistical software. Descriptive statistics will summarize demographic characteristics, screen time, CVS-Q scores, app use, and usability feedback. Continuous variables will be expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median with interquartile range, depending on distribution. Categorical variables will be expressed as frequency and percentage.

Baseline and post-intervention CVS-Q scores will be compared using paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, as appropriate. Changes in the proportion of participants with CVS-Q ≥6 will be analyzed using McNemar's test. A p-value of <0.05 will be considered statistically significant.

2.9 Ethical Considerations

Institutional Ethics Committee approval will be obtained before commencement. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Participation will be voluntary, and participants may withdraw at any time without penalty. The application is intended for screening, education, and self-management support only; it will not replace professional ophthalmic examination or treatment.

This is a shared conversation. Sign in to Orris to start your own chat.