For a patient with stable, well-controlled heart disease, first-line treatment for erectile dysfunction is usually a PDE-5 inhibitor, prescribed after a clinician reviews cardiac stability and medicines:
- Sildenafil
- Tadalafil
- Vardenafil
- Avanafil
These drugs can generally be used in stable coronary artery disease or compensated heart failure. Current Princeton IV guidance supports their cardiovascular safety in appropriately assessed patients, as summarized by the
ACC review of the guideline. Goldman-Cecil notes that PDE-5 inhibitors can be useful in compensated heart failure. -
Goldman-Cecil Medicine, p. 3884
Do not use PDE-5 inhibitors if the patient takes nitrates, including nitroglycerin tablets/spray/patch, isosorbide mononitrate, or isosorbide dinitrate. The combination can cause dangerous, potentially life-threatening low blood pressure.
Important timing:
- Avoid nitrates for at least 24 hours after sildenafil or vardenafil
- Avoid nitrates for at least 48 hours after tadalafil
- If chest pain occurs after taking an ED drug, seek emergency care and tell clinicians exactly which drug was taken. Do not self-administer nitroglycerin.
Also avoid or defer ED medication until cardiology review if there is:
- Unstable angina or chest pain at rest
- Recent heart attack, stroke, or serious arrhythmia
- Decompensated heart failure
- Severe symptomatic valve disease or very low blood pressure
If nitrates are essential, non-PDE-5 options include a vacuum erection device, alprostadil urethral or intracavernosal therapy, and in selected cases a penile prosthesis. Intracavernosal alprostadil is a recognized second-line therapy. - Goldman-Cecil Medicine, Erectile Dysfunction section
Because the correct choice depends on the exact cardiac diagnosis and drugs, the patient should have the medication list reviewed by their cardiologist or prescribing doctor before starting treatment.