This clinical photograph captures an intraoperative view of a mid-face surgical procedure involving the resection of a tumor from the left nasal dorsum and maxilla. The surgical field demonstrates a deep incision with skin and subcutaneous tissue retracted to expose the underlying anatomy of the mid-face. A significant bone resection defect is visible at the inferior orbital rim and the anterior wall of the maxilla, where the tumor had previously invaded. Visible surgical instrumentation includes a metal probe or retractor on the medial (nasal) side and a flat-bladed surgical elevator on the lateral side, used to retract tissue and provide access to the deep structures. Anatomical landmarks include the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and the exposed bone of the infraorbital region. The image illustrates the clinical application of radical surgical excision for solitary nucleus-associated myofibroma (SNM) or similar invasive soft-tissue tumors, emphasizing the need for partial bone resection when periosteal or osseous invasion is present.

A Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scan showing a coronal cross-sectional view of the maxilla and surrounding structures. The imaging highlights the anatomy of the maxillary sinuses and the nasal cavity. In the right posterior maxilla, specifically the first molar region, a vertical red measurement line indicates a residual bone height of 6.41 mm between the alveolar ridge and the floor of the maxillary sinus. On the left side of the scan, a high-density radiopaque structure consistent with a dental implant or surgical material is visible, accompanied by some beam-hardening artifacts. Notably, the bony canal for the Alveolar Antral Artery (AAA) is not visualized within the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus on this slice. This imaging is clinically relevant for pre-operative planning in oral surgery, such as sinus lift procedures and dental implant placement, to assess available bone volume and identify potential vascular risks.

Three clinical photographs showing a human skull specimen from different orientations: (A) anterior, (B) left lateral, and (C) posterior views. The anterior view (A) highlights the mid-face anatomy, including the piriform (nasal) aperture, the anterior nasal spine, and the orbital rims. The lateral view (B) demonstrates the cranial vault's curvature, the temporal fossa, the zygomatic arch, and the external auditory meatus. The posterior view (C) shows the occipital bone and the lambdoid suture. This visual material is used for osteological analysis and morphometric studies, focusing on characterizing variation in anatomical landmarks such as the rhinion and dacryon. Key educational concepts illustrated include cranial topography, forensic anthropology, and the structural relationships between the maxilla, frontal, and parietal bones.

Anatomical diagram and diagnostic model of a reconstructed cranium and mandible, demonstrating anatomical landmarks used for biomechanical stress analysis. Figure A shows a superior (dorsal) view of the skull with 10 red nodes positioned along the mid-sagittal plane, spanning from the anterior nasal bone, through the frontal bone, to the posterior sagittal crest. Figure B displays a lateral view of the cranium, featuring 6 nodes aligned along the zygomatic arch, extending from the zygomatic process of the maxilla toward the squamosal bone. Figure C illustrates a lateral view of the mandible, with 9 nodes distributed along the dentary; nodes 1-6 are spaced equidistantly along the horizontal mandibular body, while nodes 7-9 ascend the ramus toward the coronoid and condylar processes. This visual serves as an educational model for studying the distribution of von Mises stress across different anatomical structures of the skull, aiding in the understanding of biomechanical loads and structural integrity in maxillofacial anatomy.