make a powepoint presentation on the topic pregnancy induced hypertension
mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace/pih-presentation && ls /home/daytona/workspace/…
~/pih-presentation/pih.js
const pptxgen = require("pptxgenjs");
const prs = new pptxgen();
prs.layout = "LAYOUT_16x9";
prs.title = "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension";
prs.author = "Medical Education";
// ── Color palette ──────────────────────────────────────────────
const DARK_BG = "0D1B2A"; // deep navy – title / section dividers
const MID_BG = "1B3A5C"; // steel blue
const ACCENT = "E63946"; // vivid red – danger/warning emphasis
const GOLD = "F4A261"; // warm amber – headings on dark bg
const WHITE = "FFFFFF";
const LIGHT_BG = "F0F4F8"; // slide body bg
const TEXT_DARK = "1A1A2E"; // near-black body text
const TEAL = "2A9D8F"; // secondary accent
const LIGHT_TXT = "D0E4F7"; // muted light text on dark bg
// ── Helper: section divider slide ─────────────────────────────
function sectionDivider(title, subtitle) {
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// Accent bar
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sl.addText(title, {
x: 0.8, y: 1.3, w: 8.4, h: 1,
fontSize: 36, bold: true, color: GOLD, align: "center", fontFace: "Calibri"
});
if (subtitle) {
sl.addText(subtitle, {
x: 1, y: 2.8, w: 8, h: 0.8,
fontSize: 18, color: LIGHT_TXT, align: "center", fontFace: "Calibri"
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}
return sl;
}
// ── Helper: body slide ────────────────────────────────────────
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fontSize: 22, bold: true, color: WHITE, valign: "middle", fontFace: "Calibri", margin: 0
});
// Bullets
const items = bullets.map((b, i) => {
if (b.sub) {
return { text: b.text, options: { bullet: { indent: 25 }, fontSize: 14, color: "555577", breakLine: i < bullets.length - 1 } };
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valign: "top", fontFace: "Calibri", lineSpacingMultiple: 1.15
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return sl;
}
// ── Helper: two-column slide ──────────────────────────────────
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sl.addShape(prs.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 0.12, h: 5.625, fill: { color: ACCENT } });
sl.addText(title, {
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fontSize: 22, bold: true, color: WHITE, valign: "middle", fontFace: "Calibri", margin: 0
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// Column divider
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// Left heading
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const mkItems = (arr) => arr.map((b, i) => ({
text: b.text || b,
options: { bullet: { color: ACCENT, code: "2022" }, fontSize: 13.5, color: TEXT_DARK, breakLine: i < arr.length - 1 }
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return sl;
}
// ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
// ║ SLIDE 1 — TITLE ║
// ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
{
const sl = prs.addSlide();
// Full dark background
sl.addShape(prs.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 5.625, fill: { color: DARK_BG } });
// Top decorative bar
sl.addShape(prs.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 0.18, fill: { color: ACCENT } });
// Bottom decorative bar
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// Side accent
sl.addShape(prs.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0.3, y: 0.18, w: 0.1, h: 5.265, fill: { color: TEAL } });
sl.addText("PREGNANCY INDUCED", {
x: 0.6, y: 0.8, w: 8.8, h: 1.0,
fontSize: 42, bold: true, color: WHITE, align: "center", fontFace: "Calibri", charSpacing: 3
});
sl.addText("HYPERTENSION", {
x: 0.6, y: 1.65, w: 8.8, h: 1.1,
fontSize: 52, bold: true, color: GOLD, align: "center", fontFace: "Calibri", charSpacing: 4
});
// Subtitle line
sl.addShape(prs.ShapeType.rect, { x: 2.5, y: 2.88, w: 5, h: 0.06, fill: { color: ACCENT } });
sl.addText("Preeclampsia · Eclampsia · HELLP Syndrome", {
x: 0.6, y: 3.0, w: 8.8, h: 0.6,
fontSize: 19, color: LIGHT_TXT, align: "center", fontFace: "Calibri", italic: true
});
sl.addText("Pathophysiology · Diagnosis · Management", {
x: 0.6, y: 3.55, w: 8.8, h: 0.5,
fontSize: 15, color: LIGHT_TXT, align: "center", fontFace: "Calibri"
});
sl.addText("Sources: Creasy & Resnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine · Robbins Pathology · Guyton & Hall · Goodman & Gilman", {
x: 0.6, y: 4.8, w: 8.8, h: 0.45,
fontSize: 10, color: "8899AA", align: "center", fontFace: "Calibri", italic: true
});
}
// ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
// ║ SLIDE 2 — OUTLINE ║
// ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
bodySlide("Presentation Outline", [
{ text: "1. Introduction & Definition" },
{ text: "2. ACOG Classification of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy" },
{ text: "3. Epidemiology & Risk Factors" },
{ text: "4. Pathogenesis – Placental & Vascular Mechanisms" },
{ text: "5. Pathophysiologic Changes (Multi-Organ)" },
{ text: "6. Clinical Features & Diagnostic Criteria" },
{ text: "7. Laboratory Findings & Investigations" },
{ text: "8. HELLP Syndrome" },
{ text: "9. Eclampsia" },
{ text: "10. Management – Antihypertensives & MgSO4" },
{ text: "11. Delivery Timing & Definitive Treatment" },
{ text: "12. Prevention & Prognosis" },
{ text: "13. Summary" },
]);
// ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
// ║ SECTION 1 — INTRODUCTION ║
// ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
sectionDivider("SECTION 1", "Introduction & Definition");
bodySlide("What is Pregnancy Induced Hypertension?", [
{ text: "Hypertension affects up to 10% of pregnant women in the United States" },
{ text: "Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) = ~85 per 1,000 deliveries in the US" },
{ text: "PIH is a disorder unique to pregnancy – completely reversible after delivery" },
{ text: "Characterized by poor perfusion of vital organs including the fetoplacental unit" },
{ text: "NOT merely an unmasking of pre-existing chronic hypertension" },
{ text: "Umbrella term includes: gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP" },
{ text: "Generally presents after 20 weeks of gestation" },
{ text: "New-onset hypertension with or without proteinuria >300 mg/24 h" },
]);
// ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
// ║ SECTION 2 — CLASSIFICATION ║
// ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
sectionDivider("SECTION 2", "ACOG Classification of Hypertensive Disorders");
{
const sl = prs.addSlide();
sl.addShape(prs.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 5.625, fill: { color: LIGHT_BG } });
sl.addShape(prs.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 0.95, fill: { color: MID_BG } });
sl.addShape(prs.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 0.12, h: 5.625, fill: { color: ACCENT } });
sl.addText("ACOG Classification (2020 Practice Bulletin #222)", {
x: 0.22, y: 0.08, w: 9.6, h: 0.78,
fontSize: 20, bold: true, color: WHITE, valign: "middle", fontFace: "Calibri", margin: 0
});
const rows = [
[{ text: "Category", options: { bold: true, color: WHITE, fill: { color: MID_BG } } },
{ text: "Timing / BP Criteria", options: { bold: true, color: WHITE, fill: { color: MID_BG } } },
{ text: "Key Features", options: { bold: true, color: WHITE, fill: { color: MID_BG } } }],
[{ text: "Gestational HTN" }, { text: "New BP ≥140/90 after 20 wks (×2, ≥4 hr apart)" }, { text: "No proteinuria; resolves postpartum" }],
[{ text: "Preeclampsia" }, { text: "Gestational HTN + proteinuria >0.3 g/24 h OR end-organ damage" }, { text: "Thrombocytopenia, renal/hepatic impairment, pulmonary edema, headache" }],
[{ text: "Preeclampsia\nwith Severe Features" }, { text: "SBP ≥160 or DBP ≥110 mmHg" }, { text: "Platelets <100×10⁹/L; Cr >1.1 mg/dL; AST/ALT ≥2× ULN; pulmonary edema; visual/neuro symptoms" }],
[{ text: "Eclampsia" }, { text: "Preeclampsia + new-onset seizures" }, { text: "Can occur antepartum, intrapartum, or ≤48 h postpartum" }],
[{ text: "HELLP Syndrome" }, { text: "Variant of severe preeclampsia" }, { text: "Hemolysis + Elevated Liver enzymes + Low Platelets" }],
[{ text: "Chronic HTN" }, { text: "Hypertension before pregnancy or before 20 wks" }, { text: "Does not resolve postpartum" }],
[{ text: "Chronic HTN + Superimposed\nPreeclampsia" }, { text: "Preeclampsia in a woman with chronic HTN" }, { text: "Worse prognosis than either condition alone" }],
];
sl.addTable(rows, {
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align: "left",
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color: TEXT_DARK,
autoPage: false,
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}
// ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
// ║ SECTION 3 — EPIDEMIOLOGY & RISK FACTORS ║
// ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
sectionDivider("SECTION 3", "Epidemiology & Risk Factors");
{
const sl = prs.addSlide();
sl.addShape(prs.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 5.625, fill: { color: LIGHT_BG } });
sl.addShape(prs.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 0.95, fill: { color: MID_BG } });
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sl.addText("Epidemiology", {
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fontSize: 22, bold: true, color: WHITE, valign: "middle", fontFace: "Calibri", margin: 0
});
// Stat boxes
const stats = [
{ val: "~5%", lbl: "Preeclampsia prevalence" },
{ val: "85/1000", lbl: "HDP rate (US deliveries)" },
{ val: "32.3%", lbl: "Attributable fraction: nulliparity" },
{ val: "25%", lbl: "Risk with chronic HTN" },
{ val: "20%", lbl: "Risk in pregestational diabetes" },
{ val: "~20%", lbl: "Eclampsia >48h postpartum" },
];
stats.forEach((s, i) => {
const col = i % 3;
const row = Math.floor(i / 3);
const x = 0.3 + col * 3.2;
const y = 1.1 + row * 2.1;
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}
twoColSlide(
"Risk Factors for Preeclampsia",
[
"Nulliparity (greatest population-attributable risk)",
"Prior preeclampsia in previous pregnancy",
"Chronic hypertension",
"Chronic renal failure (with or without DM)",
"Pregestational diabetes mellitus",
"Antiphospholipid syndrome",
"Connective tissue disorders (SLE)",
"Extremes of maternal age",
],
[
"Multiple gestation / IVF",
"Family history of preeclampsia",
"Non-White race (linked to severity)",
"Hydatidiform mole",
"Hydrops fetalis",
"Obesity / metabolic syndrome",
"First pregnancy with new partner",
"Low socioeconomic status (for eclampsia)",
],
"Maternal / Medical Factors",
"Obstetric / Other Factors"
);
// ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
// ║ SECTION 4 — PATHOGENESIS ║
// ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
sectionDivider("SECTION 4", "Pathogenesis – Placental & Vascular Mechanisms");
bodySlide("Normal vs. Preeclamptic Placentation", [
{ text: "NORMAL PREGNANCY:", bold: true },
{ text: "Trophoblasts invade spiral arteries of uterine endometrium", sub: true },
{ text: "Musculoelastic walls remodeled → wide vascular sinusoids (low resistance)", sub: true },
{ text: "High-flow, low-resistance uteroplacental circulation established", sub: true },
{ text: "PREECLAMPSIA:", bold: true },
{ text: "Trophoblast invasion is IMPAIRED – reason still unclear", sub: true },
{ text: "Musculoelastic walls retained → channels remain narrow", sub: true },
{ text: "Reduced uteroplacental blood flow → placental hypoxia & ischemia", sub: true },
{ text: "Placenta releases antiangiogenic factors: sFlt-1 (anti-VEGF) & soluble endoglin (anti-TGF-β)", sub: true },
{ text: "→ Endothelial dysfunction, vascular hyperreactivity, end-organ microangiopathy", sub: true },
], { fontSize: 14 });
bodySlide("Molecular Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction", [
{ text: "Prostacyclin (PGI₂) ↓ — vasodilator and anti-aggregant" },
{ text: "Thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) ↑ — vasoconstrictor and pro-aggregant → net vasoconstriction" },
{ text: "Nitric oxide (NO) production ↓ → impaired vasodilation" },
{ text: "Soluble Flt-1 (sFlt-1) ↑ → binds and neutralizes VEGF and PlGF in circulation" },
{ text: "Soluble endoglin ↑ → antagonizes TGF-β signaling" },
{ text: "Inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) ↑ → systemic endothelial injury" },
{ text: "Endothelin-1 ↑ → potent vasoconstrictor (though at sub-threshold levels in vivo)" },
{ text: "Exaggerated sensitivity to angiotensin II → small doses cause large BP spikes" },
{ text: "Net result: Hypertension + proteinuria + multi-organ ischemia" },
]);
// ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
// ║ SECTION 5 — PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (MULTI-ORGAN) ║
// ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
sectionDivider("SECTION 5", "Pathophysiologic Changes – Multi-Organ Involvement");
twoColSlide(
"Cardiovascular & Renal Changes",
[
"Cardiac output falls to pre-pregnancy levels with onset of preeclampsia",
"Systemic vascular resistance ↑↑ → drives hypertension",
"Arteriolar narrowing (retina, kidney, nail bed, conjunctiva)",
"Increased sensitivity to all endogenous pressors (angiotensin II ×2.5 more sensitive)",
"Plasma volume contraction despite sodium/water retention",
"Paradoxical ↑ ANF with ↓ plasma renin → suggests effective circulating volume ↑ relatively",
],
[
"Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ↓ – opposite to normal pregnancy",
"Renal blood flow ↓",
"Glomeruloendotheliosis – hallmark renal lesion (swollen glomerular endothelium)",
"Proteinuria >300 mg/24 h (diagnostic criterion)",
"Hyperuricemia – early sensitive marker (uric acid clearance ↓ before GFR falls)",
"Serum creatinine ↑ in severe disease",
"Sodium retention → edema, weight gain",
"Total body sodium ↑ despite concentrated urine",
],
"Cardiovascular",
"Renal"
);
twoColSlide(
"Hepatic, CNS & Hematologic Changes",
[
"Hepatic: Periportal fibrin deposition & necrosis",
"AST and ALT ↑↑ → poor prognosis",
"Hepatic capsular distension → RUQ pain, tenderness",
"Risk of hepatic rupture (rare but catastrophic)",
"HELLP: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia + elevated liver enzymes + low platelets",
"Placental: Infarcts, retroplacental hemorrhage, ischemic villous changes",
"Acute atherosis of decidual vessels",
],
[
"CNS: Cerebral edema, vasospasm, microinfarcts",
"Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) on MRI",
"Symptoms: Headache, visual disturbances, altered mental status",
"Seizures = eclampsia",
"Hematologic: Thrombocytopenia (platelet consumption)",
"DIC in severe cases (rare but life-threatening)",
"Coagulation factor changes, ↓ antithrombin III",
"Hypercoagulability from endothelial dysfunction",
],
"Hepatic & Placental",
"CNS & Hematologic"
);
// ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
// ║ SECTION 6 — CLINICAL FEATURES ║
// ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
sectionDivider("SECTION 6", "Clinical Features & Diagnostic Criteria");
bodySlide("Clinical Features of Preeclampsia", [
{ text: "Most commonly starts after 34 weeks; earlier with hydatidiform mole or pre-existing disease" },
{ text: "Classic triad: Hypertension + Edema + Proteinuria (edema no longer diagnostic)" },
{ text: "Hypertension: SBP ≥140 OR DBP ≥90 mmHg on two readings ≥4 hours apart" },
{ text: "Severe range: SBP ≥160 OR DBP ≥110 mmHg (can confirm within minutes)" },
{ text: "Edema: Dependent edema common; facial/periorbital edema more concerning" },
{ text: "Rapid weight gain (fluid retention)" },
{ text: "Headache (new-onset, not relieved by analgesics)" },
{ text: "Visual disturbances: Blurring, scotoma, diplopia" },
{ text: "Epigastric or RUQ pain (hepatic capsular distension)" },
{ text: "Signs of severe disease: Pulmonary edema, oliguria, convulsions, coma" },
]);
// Diagnostic criteria table slide
{
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sl.addShape(prs.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 0.12, h: 5.625, fill: { color: ACCENT } });
sl.addText("Diagnostic Criteria – Severe Features of Preeclampsia", {
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fontSize: 20, bold: true, color: WHITE, valign: "middle", fontFace: "Calibri", margin: 0
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const rows2 = [
[{ text: "System", options: { bold: true, color: WHITE, fill: { color: DARK_BG } } },
{ text: "Criterion", options: { bold: true, color: WHITE, fill: { color: DARK_BG } } },
{ text: "Threshold", options: { bold: true, color: WHITE, fill: { color: DARK_BG } } }],
[{ text: "Blood Pressure" }, { text: "Severe range HTN" }, { text: "SBP ≥160 or DBP ≥110 mmHg (×2, ≥4 hr apart)" }],
[{ text: "Renal" }, { text: "Proteinuria" }, { text: ">0.3 g/24 hr OR protein/creatinine ratio >0.3" }],
[{ text: "Renal" }, { text: "Renal insufficiency" }, { text: "Cr >1.1 mg/dL or doubling (excl. other causes)" }],
[{ text: "Hematologic" }, { text: "Thrombocytopenia" }, { text: "Platelets <100 × 10⁹/L" }],
[{ text: "Hepatic" }, { text: "Impaired liver function" }, { text: "AST/ALT ≥2× ULN + severe RUQ/epigastric pain" }],
[{ text: "Pulmonary" }, { text: "Pulmonary edema" }, { text: "New onset" }],
[{ text: "CNS" }, { text: "Neurological symptoms" }, { text: "Headache unrelieved by analgesics; visual disturbances" }],
[{ text: "Special" }, { text: "HELLP syndrome" }, { text: "Hemolysis + elevated liver enzymes + low platelets" }],
];
sl.addTable(rows2, {
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align: "left",
fontFace: "Calibri",
fontSize: 12,
color: TEXT_DARK,
});
}
// ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
// ║ SECTION 7 — LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS ║
// ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
sectionDivider("SECTION 7", "Laboratory Findings & Investigations");
bodySlide("Investigations in Preeclampsia", [
{ text: "URINE:", bold: true },
{ text: "24-hr urine protein (>300 mg diagnostic)", sub: true },
{ text: "Spot protein/creatinine ratio >0.3", sub: true },
{ text: "Urine dipstick ≥2+ (if quantitative unavailable)", sub: true },
{ text: "RENAL FUNCTION:", bold: true },
{ text: "Serum uric acid ↑ – early sensitive marker; precedes GFR fall", sub: true },
{ text: "Serum creatinine (↑ in severe disease)", sub: true },
{ text: "24-hr creatinine clearance (decreased in most severe cases)", sub: true },
{ text: "HEPATIC & HEMATOLOGIC:", bold: true },
{ text: "AST, ALT (elevated = poor prognosis)", sub: true },
{ text: "Full blood count – platelets (↓); RBC morphology (schistocytes in HELLP)", sub: true },
{ text: "Coagulation screen – PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, antithrombin III", sub: true },
{ text: "LDH ↑ (hemolysis), serum bilirubin ↑", sub: true },
{ text: "IMAGING:", bold: true },
{ text: "MRI brain in eclampsia – PRES pattern (white matter edema)", sub: true },
{ text: "Fetal ultrasound – IUGR assessment, biophysical profile, Doppler", sub: true },
], { fontSize: 13.5 });
// ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
// ║ SECTION 8 — HELLP SYNDROME ║
// ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
sectionDivider("SECTION 8", "HELLP Syndrome");
bodySlide("HELLP Syndrome – Overview", [
{ text: "HELLP = Hemolysis + Elevated Liver enzymes + Low Platelets" },
{ text: "Occurs in ~10% of women with severe preeclampsia" },
{ text: "A microangiopathic process driven by endothelial dysfunction" },
{ text: "Hemolysis: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia – schistocytes on blood film" },
{ text: "Elevated liver enzymes: AST/ALT ≥2× ULN; LDH ↑" },
{ text: "Low platelets: <100 × 10⁹/L from platelet consumption in microthrombi" },
{ text: "Can occur without hypertension or proteinuria in up to 20% of cases" },
{ text: "Associated with risk of: DIC, renal failure, abruptio placentae, hepatic rupture" },
{ text: "Management: Urgent delivery; corticosteroids may improve platelet counts transiently" },
{ text: "Prognosis: Maternal mortality ~1-3%; perinatal mortality significantly elevated" },
]);
// ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
// ║ SECTION 9 — ECLAMPSIA ║
// ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
sectionDivider("SECTION 9", "Eclampsia");
bodySlide("Eclampsia – Features & Management", [
{ text: "Definition: New-onset tonic-clonic convulsions in the setting of preeclampsia" },
{ text: "Can occur: Antepartum (most common), intrapartum, or ≤48 h postpartum" },
{ text: "~20% of eclampsia episodes occur >48 hours after delivery" },
{ text: "Pathology: Cerebral vasospasm, edema, microinfarcts, petechial hemorrhages" },
{ text: "PRES (Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy) seen on MRI" },
{ text: "MgSO₄ is the drug of choice – seizure prophylaxis AND treatment" },
{ text: "MgSO₄ mechanism: Blocks NMDA receptors; vasodilation; ↓ cerebral irritability" },
{ text: "Loading dose: 4-6 g IV over 15-20 min; maintenance 1-2 g/hr infusion" },
{ text: "Monitor: Knee reflexes (loss precedes respiratory depression), urine output, Mg levels" },
{ text: "Antidote for Mg toxicity: Calcium gluconate 10 mL of 10% IV" },
{ text: "Renal function and hepatic function impaired in eclampsia" },
{ text: "Proteinuria and hypertension usually disappear within 1-2 weeks post delivery" },
]);
// ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
// ║ SECTION 10 — MANAGEMENT ║
// ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
sectionDivider("SECTION 10", "Pharmacologic Management");
bodySlide("Antihypertensive Therapy in Pregnancy", [
{ text: "WHEN TO TREAT: DBP >105 mmHg OR SBP >160 mmHg (ACOG consensus)" },
{ text: "DRUGS TO AVOID:", bold: true },
{ text: "ACE inhibitors → fetal renal dysgenesis, oligohydramnios, IUFD", sub: true },
{ text: "Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) → same fetal toxicity profile", sub: true },
{ text: "PREFERRED ORAL AGENTS:", bold: true },
{ text: "Alpha-methyldopa (250 mg BD) – former FDA category B; centrally acting; first-line oral", sub: true },
{ text: "Labetalol (100 mg BD) – combined α1/β blocker; reasonable safety data", sub: true },
{ text: "Nifedipine (30 mg OD slow-release) – calcium channel blocker; effective", sub: true },
{ text: "ACUTE/SEVERE HYPERTENSION (inpatient):", bold: true },
{ text: "Hydralazine: 5-10 mg IV/IM; repeat every 20 min based on response", sub: true },
{ text: "Labetalol: 20 mg IV; escalate to 40 mg at 10 min if inadequate", sub: true },
{ text: "IV nifedipine or nicardipine also used in some settings", sub: true },
], { fontSize: 13.5 });
bodySlide("Magnesium Sulfate – Seizure Prophylaxis & Treatment", [
{ text: "INDICATIONS:", bold: true },
{ text: "All severe preeclampsia with CNS manifestations (headache, visual disturbance, altered mental status)", sub: true },
{ text: "All cases of eclampsia (treatment of ongoing seizures)", sub: true },
{ text: "Postpartum women with persistent CNS manifestations (≥48 h watch)", sub: true },
{ text: "DOSING:", bold: true },
{ text: "Loading: 4-6 g in 100 mL normal saline IV over 15-20 min", sub: true },
{ text: "Maintenance: 1-2 g/hr IV infusion", sub: true },
{ text: "MONITORING:", bold: true },
{ text: "Patellar reflex present (loss at ~7 mEq/L, respiratory depression at ~10 mEq/L)", sub: true },
{ text: "Urine output ≥25 mL/hr (Mg excreted renally)", sub: true },
{ text: "Respiratory rate ≥12/min", sub: true },
{ text: "Serum Mg level (therapeutic range 4-7 mEq/L)", sub: true },
{ text: "ANTIDOTE: Calcium gluconate 10 mL of 10% solution IV slowly", sub: true },
{ text: "Documented efficacy with no adverse fetal effects (unlike other anticonvulsants)", sub: true },
], { fontSize: 13.5 });
// ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
// ║ SECTION 11 — DELIVERY & DEFINITIVE TREATMENT ║
// ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
sectionDivider("SECTION 11", "Delivery Timing & Definitive Treatment");
bodySlide("Delivery – The Definitive Treatment", [
{ text: "ONLY definitive treatment is delivery of the fetus and placenta" },
{ text: "With severe preeclampsia + end-organ damage + mature fetus → IMMEDIATE delivery" },
{ text: "Threshold: ≥34 weeks – generally recommend delivery" },
{ text: "Before 34 weeks: Balance risks of prematurity vs. continued preeclampsia" },
{ text: "Expectant management (hospitalization + pharmacotherapy) may allow fetal lung maturation" },
{ text: "Corticosteroids (betamethasone): Stimulate fetal lung maturation if preterm delivery anticipated" },
{ text: "Mode of delivery: Vaginal preferred if cervix favorable; cesarean for obstetric indications" },
{ text: "Postpartum: Continue MgSO₄ for ≥24-48 h after delivery" },
{ text: "Antihypertensives continued postpartum until BP normalizes" },
{ text: "Hypertension and proteinuria usually resolve within 1-2 weeks after delivery" },
{ text: "Rare: Persistent hypertension >12 wks postpartum → investigate for chronic HTN" },
]);
// ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
// ║ SECTION 12 — PREVENTION & PROGNOSIS ║
// ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
sectionDivider("SECTION 12", "Prevention & Prognosis");
twoColSlide(
"Prevention & Long-term Outcomes",
[
"Low-dose aspirin (81 mg/day from 12-16 wks) → reduces risk in high-risk women",
"Calcium supplementation (1.5-2 g/day) in low-calcium intake populations",
"Antioxidant vitamins (C, E) – NOT proven effective in large RCTs",
"Salt restriction / diuretics do NOT prevent preeclampsia",
"Preconception optimization: Control chronic HTN, DM, obesity",
"Close antenatal surveillance for at-risk women",
"Early screening: UtA Doppler + PlGF + PAPP-A at 11-14 wks",
],
[
"Favorable: Most cases resolve completely after delivery",
"Increased lifetime cardiovascular risk after preeclampsia (2-4× risk of CVD)",
"Higher risk of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke in later life",
"Recurrence risk: 15-20% in subsequent pregnancies",
"Higher recurrence with onset <28 wks or severe features",
"Eclampsia fatality: Now rare with early recognition and MgSO₄",
"Major cause of maternal mortality globally (especially in LMICs)",
],
"Prevention Strategies",
"Prognosis & Long-term Risk"
);
// ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
// ║ SECTION 13 — SUMMARY ║
// ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
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"Central mechanism: Placental ischemia → antiangiogenic factors (sFlt-1, endoglin) → systemic endothelial dysfunction",
"Diagnosis requires BP ≥140/90 after 20 wks + proteinuria OR end-organ damage",
"Severe features demand urgent delivery or intensive management",
"MgSO₄ is the standard for seizure prevention and treatment in eclampsia",
"Avoid ACE inhibitors and ARBs – teratogenic and fetotoxic",
"HELLP syndrome affects ~10% of severe preeclampsia – life-threatening",
"Delivery is the ONLY definitive treatment; balance maturity vs. maternal risk",
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cd /home/daytona/workspace/pih-presentation && node pih.js
ls -lh /home/daytona/workspace/pih-presentation/
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Presentation · PPTX
| # | Slide |
|---|---|
| 1 | Title slide – bold dark navy with gold typography |
| 2 | Outline – 13-section roadmap |
| 3-4 | Introduction & Definition – what PIH is, unique features, basic criteria |
| 5 | ACOG Classification Table – gestational HTN, preeclampsia, severe features, eclampsia, HELLP, chronic HTN, superimposed – with BP thresholds (ACOG 2020 Bulletin #222) |
| 6-7 | Epidemiology – stat-card infographic (5%, 85/1000, etc.) + two-column risk factor slide |
| 8-9 | Pathogenesis – normal vs preeclamptic spiral artery remodeling; sFlt-1, endoglin, prostacyclin/TXA₂ imbalance, angiotensin sensitivity |
| 10-11 | Multi-organ pathophysiology – cardiovascular & renal; hepatic, CNS & hematologic |
| 12-13 | Clinical features & diagnostic criteria – with detailed severe-features table |
| 14 | Investigations – urine, renal, hepatic, hematologic, imaging |
| 15 | HELLP syndrome – definition, features, management, prognosis |
| 16 | Eclampsia – definition, PRES, MgSO₄ dosing & monitoring |
| 17-18 | Management – antihypertensives (avoid ACEi/ARBs; use methyldopa/labetalol/nifedipine/hydralazine) + MgSO₄ protocol |
| 19 | Delivery timing – definitive treatment decision tree |
| 20 | Prevention & prognosis – aspirin, calcium; lifetime CVD risk |
| 21 | Summary & Thank You – 10 key takeaways |