answers for physiology viva

Reading File

Running Command

Reading File

Running Command

Finding Sources

please give answers

Finding Sources

Reading File

Finding Sources

There you go - comprehensive viva answers for all questions across your entire physiology question list. Here's a quick summary of what's covered:

What's included:

Section	Topics Covered
Excitable Tissues	Membrane structure, biopotentials, RMP (-70 mV), action potential phases, laws of irritation, Vvedensky's parabiosis, synapses, muscle contraction
CNS	Nerve centers, Sechenov inhibition, reflex arc, spinal cord reflexes, brainstem (medulla, pons, midbrain), cerebellum (DANISH signs), reticular formation, hypothalamus, limbic system, cortex
ANS	Sympathetic vs. parasympathetic comparison, receptor types (nicotinic/muscarinic/adrenergic/dopaminergic/histamine), autonomic reflex arc
Heart	Cardiac cycle phases, ECG waves and intervals, action potential of cardiomyocytes (5 phases), automatism/pacemaker potential, Frank-Starling law, cardiac regulation
Circulation	Vessel classification, capillary exchange (Starling forces), baroreceptors, RAAS, vasoactive substances
Respiration	Lung volumes, respiratory center (pre-Bötzinger), O2/CO2 transport, Hb dissociation curve, first breath of newborn
Blood	Blood composition, plasma proteins, Hb types/compounds, hemostasis cascade, ABO/Rh blood groups, leukocytes, platelets
Hormones	Receptor mechanisms (membrane vs. nuclear), pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas (insulin/glucagon), parathyroid, placental hormones, feedback loops
Metabolism	BMR, direct/indirect calorimetry, RQ, thermoregulation (Starling forces of heat exchange)
Kidney	Nephron structure, GFR, primary vs. secondary urine, tubular reabsorption/secretion, ADH/aldosterone/PTH effects, thirst mechanisms
Digestion	Saliva, gastric juice + HCl role, 3 phases of gastric secretion, pancreatic juice, bile, small intestine absorption mechanisms
Analyzers	Visual (rhodopsin, visual pathway), auditory (cochlea, tonotopy), vestibular, pain and antinociceptive system
GNI/Higher Nervous Activity	Pavlov's conditioned reflexes, Anokhin's functional system, types of inhibition, GNI temperament types, memory (LTP, STM/LTM), sleep stages (NREM/REM), stress (Selye's GAS), emotions