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mention the viral and host receptor for HIV infection

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HIV entry gp120 CD4 CCR5 CXCR4 receptor NIH

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HIV receptors

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  • Viral proteins: HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41.
    • gp120 attaches to host-cell receptors.
    • gp41 mediates fusion of viral and host-cell membranes.
  • Host receptors:
    • Primary receptor: CD4, found mainly on CD4+ T helper lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
    • Co-receptors: CCR5 or CXCR4 chemokine receptors.
      • R5-tropic HIV uses CD4 + CCR5.
      • X4-tropic HIV uses CD4 + CXCR4.
Sequence: gp120 binds CD4, then CCR5/CXCR4; gp41 then causes membrane fusion. This is described in Sherris & Ryan's Medical Microbiology, in the HIV replication cycle section.
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