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Answer these questions for bds 1st year board exam of pharmacology affiliated to Kathmandu University

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All questions from your note have been answered above. Here's a quick guide to which answer covers which question number from your sheet:
Your Q#TopicAnswer Location
Q1Antifungal classification + Digoxin MOA*Q1 (antifungal) + see note below
Q2Fluoroquinolones - list, MOA, indications, adverse effectsQ2
Q3Cotrimoxazole rationale (short note)Q3
Q4Cephalosporins classification, MOA, uses, adverse effectsQ4
Q5Penicillins classification, MOA, uses, adverse effectsQ5
Q6Aminoglycosides classification, MOA, uses, adverse effectsQ6
Q7Antimicrobials by MOA + CiprofloxacinQ7
Q8Amphotericin B (short note)Q8 / Q1
Q9Amoxicillin MOA + 2 adverse effectsQ9
Q10Amoxicillin-clavulanate in Staph aureusQ10
Q11Cloxacillin MOAQ11
Q12/SAQClotrimazole / SuperinfectionQ12
Q13Azithromycin + comparison with ErythromycinQ13
Q14Antifungal classification + Amphotericin BQ1
Note on Q1 - "Classify antianginal drugs + Digoxin MOA": This appears on your sheet but under the "Antimicrobial Agents" heading, suggesting it may be a separate topic from a different section. Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that works by inhibiting the Na+/K+ ATPase pump in cardiac muscle cells, increasing intracellular Ca2+ → positive inotropy. Antianginals include nitrates (GTN), beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers. Let me know if you want that topic covered in full.
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