Answer these questions for bds 1st year board exam of pharmacology affiliated to Kathmandu University
| Your Q# | Topic | Answer Location |
|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Antifungal classification + Digoxin MOA* | Q1 (antifungal) + see note below |
| Q2 | Fluoroquinolones - list, MOA, indications, adverse effects | Q2 |
| Q3 | Cotrimoxazole rationale (short note) | Q3 |
| Q4 | Cephalosporins classification, MOA, uses, adverse effects | Q4 |
| Q5 | Penicillins classification, MOA, uses, adverse effects | Q5 |
| Q6 | Aminoglycosides classification, MOA, uses, adverse effects | Q6 |
| Q7 | Antimicrobials by MOA + Ciprofloxacin | Q7 |
| Q8 | Amphotericin B (short note) | Q8 / Q1 |
| Q9 | Amoxicillin MOA + 2 adverse effects | Q9 |
| Q10 | Amoxicillin-clavulanate in Staph aureus | Q10 |
| Q11 | Cloxacillin MOA | Q11 |
| Q12/SAQ | Clotrimazole / Superinfection | Q12 |
| Q13 | Azithromycin + comparison with Erythromycin | Q13 |
| Q14 | Antifungal classification + Amphotericin B | Q1 |
Note on Q1 - "Classify antianginal drugs + Digoxin MOA": This appears on your sheet but under the "Antimicrobial Agents" heading, suggesting it may be a separate topic from a different section. Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that works by inhibiting the Na+/K+ ATPase pump in cardiac muscle cells, increasing intracellular Ca2+ → positive inotropy. Antianginals include nitrates (GTN), beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers. Let me know if you want that topic covered in full.