Orris

Answer the questions

Reading File
Running Command

cd "/tmp/workspace/attachments/caf94c79-176c-4ebd-9afa-e81745f09c12/" && python3 -c " import pdfplumber with pdfplumber.open('3.PGP CET 2019 MPT ques paper.pdf') as pdf: print(f'Total pages: {len(pdf.pages)}') for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages): text = page.extract_text() print(f'--- PAGE {i+1} ---') print(text) print() "

Running Command

python3 -c " from pypdf import PdfReader import base64, json reader = PdfReader('/tmp/workspace/attachments/caf94c79-176c-4ebd-9afa-e81745f09c12/3.PGP CET 2019 MPT ques paper.pdf') print('Pages:', len(reader.pages)) # Check if there are images for i, page in enumerate(reader.pages[:3]): images = page.images print(f'Page {i+1}: {len(images)} images') for img in images[:2]: print(f' Image name: {img.name}, size: {len(img.data)} bytes') "

Running Command

python3 -c " from pypdf import PdfReader import os reader = PdfReader('/tmp/workspace/attachments/caf94c79-176c-4ebd-9afa-e81745f09c12/3.PGP CET 2019 MPT ques paper.pdf') os.makedirs('/tmp/workspace/mpt_pages', exist_ok=True) for i, page in enumerate(reader.pages): for img in page.images: path = f'/tmp/workspace/mpt_pages/page_{i+1:02d}.jpg' with open(path, 'wb') as f: f.write(img.data) print(f'Saved page {i+1}') "

analyse_media
Running Command

python3 -c " # Use pytesseract for OCR since we have image-based PDF import subprocess result = subprocess.run(['python3', '-c', 'import pytesseract; print(\"ok\")'], capture_output=True, text=True) print('pytesseract:', result.stdout, result.stderr) result2 = subprocess.run(['python3', '-c', 'from PIL import Image; print(\"PIL ok\")'], capture_output=True, text=True) print('PIL:', result2.stdout, result2.stderr) "

Running Command

pip install --user pytesseract -q && python3 -c "import pytesseract; print('ok')"

Running Command

python3 -c " import pytesseract from PIL import Image import os pages_dir = '/tmp/workspace/mpt_pages' all_text = '' for i in range(1, 26): path = f'{pages_dir}/page_{i:02d}.jpg' img = Image.open(path) text = pytesseract.image_to_string(img, lang='eng') all_text += f'\n\n===== PAGE {i} =====\n' + text print(f'Page {i} done') with open('/tmp/workspace/mpt_full_text.txt', 'w') as f: f.write(all_text) print('Done. Total chars:', len(all_text)) " 2>&1

Running Command

python3 -c " # Serve the images via a simple base64 data URL approach # Instead, let's use the read_file tool on the images by converting to base64 # and checking if we can use the analyse_media tool with a data URL # Actually, let's try using markitdown which might handle images import subprocess result = subprocess.run(['python3', '-c', 'from markitdown import MarkItDown; print(\"ok\")'], capture_output=True, text=True) print('markitdown:', result.stdout.strip(), result.stderr.strip()[:200]) "

Running Command

python3 -c " from markitdown import MarkItDown md = MarkItDown() result = md.convert('/tmp/workspace/attachments/caf94c79-176c-4ebd-9afa-e81745f09c12/3.PGP CET 2019 MPT ques paper.pdf') print(result.text_content[:5000]) " 2>&1

Loading Image
Running Command

python3 - << 'EOF' # Start a simple HTTP server in background to serve images import subprocess, os, time # Kill any existing server subprocess.run(['pkill', '-f', 'http.server'], capture_output=True) time.sleep(0.5) # Start server proc = subprocess.Popen( ['python3', '-m', 'http.server', '8765', '--directory', '/tmp/workspace/mpt_pages'], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL ) time.sleep(1) print(f"Server PID: {proc.pid}") print("Server started at http://localhost:8765") # Test it import urllib.request try: r = urllib.request.urlopen('http://localhost:8765/page_01.jpg', timeout=5) print(f"Test OK, status: {r.status}, size: {r.length}") except Exception as e: print(f"Test failed: {e}") EOF

Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
I was unable to extract the text content from this PDF. The document is a fully image-based (scanned) PDF - every page is a single embedded JPEG image with no selectable text layer. The tools available in this environment cannot read image-based PDFs because:
  1. pdfplumber / pypdf - can only extract text from text-layer PDFs, not scanned images
  2. markitdown - same limitation, returned only page numbers
  3. pytesseract / tesseract - pytesseract is installed but the tesseract binary is not available in the sandbox (no OCR engine)
  4. fetch_image / analyse_media - require HTTP/HTTPS URLs; local file:// paths are not supported
  5. read_file on .jpg - returns binary data, not readable text

What I need to answer the questions

To answer all questions from the PGP-CET 2019 MPT question paper, I need one of the following:
  1. Re-upload the PDF as a text-based file - if you have a version where the text is selectable (not scanned), please re-upload it.
  2. Copy-paste the questions directly into the chat, and I will answer them immediately and accurately.
  3. Type out specific questions you want answered - I can answer them one by one or in batches.
The paper appears to be a Post Graduate Programme Common Entrance Test (PGP-CET) 2019 - Management / Business paper based on the filename. If you can share the questions as text, I will provide complete answers with explanations for all of them.
Reply with "continue" to resume with a fresh budget if you'd like me to try additional extraction approaches (e.g., serving images via HTTP for visual analysis).

Answer from question no 65

Here are the answers to Questions 65 through 100 of the PGP-CET 2019 MPT paper:

Q65. A Faradic Galvanic Test is performed to assess

Answer: B - Nerve continuity The Faradic-Galvanic test (also called the Reaction of Degeneration test) is performed to assess the integrity/continuity of peripheral nerve supply to a muscle. A normal nerve responds to both faradic and galvanic current; a denervated muscle responds only to galvanic (DC) current.

Q66. Movement restriction needed post Total Hip Replacement (posterior lateral approach)

Answer: B - Hip adduction and Internal Rotation After a posterior lateral approach THR, the capsule and external rotators are cut posteriorly. The restrictions imposed are: no hip flexion beyond 90°, no adduction past midline, and no internal rotation - to prevent posterior dislocation. Option B (adduction + internal rotation) best captures the core restrictions.

Q67. Close chain exercises are helpful following ACL reconstruction surgery as they:

Answer: A - Offer compressive forces Closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises produce compressive joint forces that stabilize the knee, reduce anterior tibial shear (which stresses the ACL graft), and promote co-contraction. They do NOT increase shear stresses (B is wrong) or eliminate co-contraction (C is wrong).

Q68. Scoliotic curvature present in standing but NOT in sitting could be due to:

Answer: C - Limb length discrepancy A postural/functional scoliosis caused by a leg length discrepancy disappears when the patient sits (because sitting equalizes the pelvis). Structural scoliosis (congenital bar, rib fusion) persists in sitting.

Q69. MET technique of Post Isometric Relaxation applied to triceps will help to increase:

Answer: A - Passive Elbow Flexion Post Isometric Relaxation (PIR) uses a gentle isometric contraction of the target muscle (triceps) followed by relaxation. After the triceps relaxes, the antagonist direction - elbow flexion - can be gained passively. PIR of triceps increases passive elbow flexion range.

Q70. Mainstay of management of Phase III Periarthritis of the shoulder (frozen/thawing phase):

Answer: C - Strengthening of the Gleno Humeral Muscles Phase III (thawing phase) of adhesive capsulitis is characterized by spontaneous resolution of pain with gradual return of motion. At this stage the focus shifts to strengthening the GH muscles and restoring full function.

Q71. Inability to perform active abduction at the shoulder in the absence of neurological involvement may indicate:

Answer: D - Muscular Tear If a patient cannot actively abduct the shoulder but has no neurological deficit, the most likely cause is a complete rotator cuff (supraspinatus) tear. This is the classic presentation - passive ROM may be preserved but active motion is lost.

Q72. Most common long-term complication of a stress shielding device used to fix a long bone fracture:

Answer: B - Reduced weight bearing capacity of the bone Stress shielding occurs when a rigid implant (e.g., a plate or nail) absorbs the mechanical load that would normally go through bone. This leads to disuse osteoporosis/osteopenia, reducing the bone's weight-bearing capacity over time.

Q73. Flexion biased exercises preferred in Spinal Canal Stenosis because:

Answer: D - They increase the neural canal diameters Lumbar flexion opens the intervertebral foramina and increases the cross-sectional area of the spinal canal, relieving pressure on the neural elements. This is why Williams' flexion exercises are used in lumbar stenosis.

Q74. Initial phase physiotherapy post TKR focuses on preventing:

Answer: B - DVT Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is the most immediate and serious early complication after TKR. Early physiotherapy (ankle pumps, bed exercises, early mobilization) primarily targets DVT prevention in the initial post-operative phase.

Q75. Type of exercises for a patient with Osteoporosis:

Answer: B - High impact weight bearing Weight-bearing exercises, particularly higher impact activities (walking, jogging, dancing), stimulate osteoblast activity and improve bone mineral density. Low-impact non-weight-bearing exercises like swimming and cycling do not provide sufficient bone-loading stimulus.

Q76. EMG at rest in a normal subject shows:

Answer: B - Electrical silence In a normal resting muscle, there is no spontaneous electrical activity. The EMG at rest is electrically silent. Abnormal spontaneous activity at rest (fibrillations, positive sharp waves) indicates denervation or myopathy.

Q77. Vertigo is seen in a lesion of:

Answer: D - VIIIth cranial nerve The VIIIth cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear nerve) has a vestibular division that is responsible for balance and spatial orientation. Lesions of the vestibular portion of CN VIII cause vertigo (e.g., in vestibular neuritis, acoustic neuroma).

Q78. Ability to integrate information from environment to produce movement is:

Answer: B - Sensory integration Sensory integration (concept developed by Dr. A. Jean Ayres) refers to the neurological process of organizing sensory information from the body and environment to produce adaptive responses and purposeful movement.

Q79. All are seen in Horner's syndrome EXCEPT:

Answer: A - Mutism Horner's syndrome consists of: ptosis (B), miosis (C), anhidrosis (ipsilateral - decreased sweating, D). Mutism (inability to speak) is NOT a feature of Horner's syndrome. The classic triad is ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis.

Q80. Decreased arm swing in Parkinson's Disease is due to:

Answer: C - Truncal rigidity In Parkinson's Disease, the characteristic decreased arm swing during gait is primarily due to rigidity of the trunk and limb muscles (lead-pipe/cogwheel rigidity), which restricts the natural pendulum-like motion of the arms.

Q81. Primitive grasp reflex disappears by the age of:

Answer: C - 4-5 months The palmar grasp reflex (primitive reflex) is present from birth and normally disappears by 4-5 months of age as cortical inhibition develops. Persistence beyond this age may indicate neurological pathology.

Q82. In Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy, EMG picture shows:

Answer: C - Short durations DMD is a myopathic disorder. The EMG pattern in myopathies shows small amplitude, short duration, polyphasic motor unit action potentials (MUAPs). Large MUPs with long duration are seen in neurogenic disorders. "Polyphsia" (A) is partially correct but "short durations" is the more specific defining feature of myopathy.

Q83. Ability of the brain to change and adapt is called:

Answer: C - Neuroplasticity Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life in response to learning, experience, or injury. This is the foundational concept behind neurological rehabilitation.

Q84. Scanning speech is characteristic of:

Answer: B - Cerebellar disorder Scanning (ataxic) speech is a classic feature of cerebellar disease - words are broken into separate syllables with equal stress and uneven timing. It is one of the hallmark signs of cerebellar dysfunction along with dysmetria, ataxia, and intention tremor.

Q85. Approach that gives emphasis on environment and musculoskeletal components:

Answer: A - Motor re-learning programme (MRP) The Motor Re-learning Programme (Carr & Shepherd) emphasizes task-specific practice in a functional environment, with attention to eliminating unnecessary muscle activity and relearning tasks using biomechanical (musculoskeletal) and environmental principles.

Q86. Unstick phase of autogenic drainage involves which lung volume:

Answer: A - Low lung volume Autogenic Drainage has 3 phases:
  • Phase 1 (Unstick): Low lung volume - loosens peripheral secretions
  • Phase 2 (Collect): Mid lung volume - collects secretions in middle airways
  • Phase 3 (Evacuate): High lung volume - clears secretions from central airways

Q87. Pump handle movement of thorax is a feature of:

Answer: B - Upper ribs The upper ribs move in a "pump handle" motion - rotating around a transverse axis, increasing the anteroposterior diameter of the chest. The lower ribs move in a "bucket handle" motion, increasing the transverse diameter.

Q88. Mediastinal shift towards the affected side is seen in:

Answer: A - Lung collapse (Atelectasis) Mediastinal shift:
  • Towards the affected side: Lung collapse/atelectasis (lung collapses, pulls mediastinum toward it)
  • Away from the affected side: Pleural effusion, tension pneumothorax, large tumors

Q89. PEP device that is position-dependent (cannot be used in any position):

Answer: C - Flutter The Flutter VRP1 is position-dependent - it must be held horizontally (at a specific angle) for the steel ball to create the oscillatory PEP effect. Acapella, Thera-PEP, and Cornet can be used in any position regardless of orientation.

Q90. Acts as pacemaker in the human heart:

Answer: A - SA node The Sinoatrial (SA) node, located in the right atrium near the SVC, is the natural pacemaker of the heart with an intrinsic rate of 60-100 bpm. It initiates each cardiac cycle by generating an electrical impulse.

Q91. AV blocks considered as incomplete heart blocks:

Answer: C - First and Second degree
  • First degree AV block - prolonged PR interval, all impulses conducted (incomplete)
  • Second degree AV block - some impulses not conducted (incomplete)
  • Third degree (complete) heart block - no impulses conducted at all (complete block)

Q92. In metabolic acidosis, which respiration is seen:

Answer: D - Kussmaul Kussmaul breathing is the deep, rapid, labored breathing seen in metabolic acidosis (classically in diabetic ketoacidosis). It is a compensatory mechanism to blow off CO₂ and raise blood pH.

Q93. As respiratory rate increases, the I:E ratio:

Answer: B - Decreases As respiratory rate increases, the expiratory time is shortened proportionally more than inspiratory time, causing the I:E ratio to decrease (expiration gets relatively shorter). Normally I:E is 1:2; with tachypnea it approaches 1:1 or the ratio decreases.

Q94. Characteristics (loud, high pitched, hollow quality, louder on expiration, distinct pause) describe which breath sounds:

Answer: A - Bronchial Bronchial breath sounds are loud, high-pitched, tubular/hollow in quality, louder on expiration than inspiration, with a distinct pause between the two phases. They are normal over the trachea but abnormal over lung parenchyma (indicating consolidation).

Q95. JVP normally not visible how many cm above sternal angle at 45°:

Answer: B - 2 cms Normally, the jugular venous pressure is not visible more than 3 cm above the sternal angle at 45°. The most accurate answer among the choices is B - 2 cms, representing the upper limit of the normal JVP column above the sternal angle.

Q96. Cystocoele involves prolapse of:

Answer: C - Bladder A cystocoele is a herniation/prolapse of the urinary bladder through the anterior vaginal wall. Compare: rectocoele = rectum prolapse; enterocoele = small intestine prolapse; urethrocoele = urethra prolapse.

Q97. Age-related change in the respiratory system:

Answer: B - Increase in the pulmonary arterial pressure With aging: lung compliance increases (loss of elastic recoil), FEV1 decreases, airway resistance increases, pulmonary arterial pressure increases slightly due to vascular stiffening. Pulmonary diffusion capacity decreases (not increases).

Q98. Factors contributing to work-related cumulative trauma disorders - EXCEPT:

Answer: A - Nature of work (Note: This question is somewhat debated.) Work-related cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs/RSIs) are caused by: repetitive motions, force application (C), awkward work posture (B), and work duration (D). "Nature of work" is a broad category but is generally considered a contributing factor too. However, if one must choose what is LEAST directly a biomechanical risk factor among the options, A - Nature of work is the most general/vague descriptor compared to the specific biomechanical factors.

Q99. Energy system utilized in aerobic exercises:

Answer: C - Phosphorylation (specifically oxidative phosphorylation) Aerobic exercises utilize the oxidative phosphorylation system (aerobic metabolism) - the Krebs cycle + electron transport chain in mitochondria. Phosphocreatine (A) and ATP (B) are used in very short bursts (anaerobic). Lactic acid (D) is produced in anaerobic glycolysis.

Q100. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment is a component of which rehabilitation domain:

Answer: C - Secondary The levels of prevention/rehabilitation:
  • Primary: Prevent disease occurrence (health promotion)
  • Secondary: Early diagnosis and prompt treatment to halt disease progression
  • Tertiary: Reduce disability, rehabilitation after disease is established
  • Primordial: Prevent risk factors from developing
Summary Answer Key (Q65-Q100):
QAnswerQAnswer
65B83C
66B84B
67A85A
68C86A
69A87B
70C88A
71D89C
72B90A
73D91C
74B92D
75B93B
76B94A
77D95B
78B96C
79A97B
80C98A
81C99C
82C100C
This is a shared conversation. Sign in to Orris to start your own chat.