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10 factors of uterine fibroid

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uterine leiomyoma AND risk factors

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uterine fibroids risk factors NIH

10 risk factors associated with uterine fibroids (leiomyomas):
  1. Increasing reproductive age - most common during the 30s and 40s, before menopause.
  2. African or Black ancestry - associated with earlier onset and more severe disease.
  3. Family history - especially a first-degree relative with fibroids.
  4. Genetic susceptibility - fibroids often contain mutations such as MED12 or HMGA2.
  5. Obesity / overweight - increases estrogen exposure.
  6. Nulliparity - never having had a pregnancy.
  7. Early menarche - earlier start of menstruation means longer lifetime hormonal exposure.
  8. Hypertension - consistently associated with higher fibroid risk.
  9. Vitamin D deficiency - associated in observational studies.
  10. Hormonal exposure - prolonged exposure to endogenous estrogen and progesterone, including late menopause.
Other suggested associations include dietary patterns, endocrine-disrupting chemical exposures such as phthalates, and prenatal diethylstilbestrol exposure, but these are less firmly established.
Pregnancy and long-term hormonal contraceptive use may be associated with a lower risk in some studies. The NICHD risk-factor summary lists age, African American race, obesity, family history, hypertension, and no prior pregnancy among the main associations.
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