import json
import subprocess
import base64
from io import BytesIO
from pptx import Presentation
from pptx.util import Inches, Pt, Emu
from pptx.dml.color import RGBColor
from pptx.enum.text import PP_ALIGN, MSO_ANCHOR
from pptx.util import Inches, Pt

# ── Colours ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
DARK_BLUE  = RGBColor(0x0D, 0x2B, 0x55)   # deep navy
MID_BLUE   = RGBColor(0x1A, 0x57, 0x8C)   # medium blue
LIGHT_BLUE = RGBColor(0xD6, 0xE8, 0xF7)   # very light blue bg
ACCENT     = RGBColor(0x00, 0x8B, 0xD1)   # bright accent
WHITE      = RGBColor(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF)
GOLD       = RGBColor(0xF5, 0xA6, 0x23)
DARK_TEXT  = RGBColor(0x1A, 0x1A, 0x2E)
GREY_BG    = RGBColor(0xF0, 0xF4, 0xF8)

def hex_to_rgb(hex_str):
    h = hex_str.lstrip('#')
    return RGBColor(int(h[0:2],16), int(h[2:4],16), int(h[4:6],16))

# ── Presentation setup ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
prs = Presentation()
prs.slide_width  = Inches(13.333)
prs.slide_height = Inches(7.5)
blank = prs.slide_layouts[6]   # fully blank layout

def add_rect(slide, x, y, w, h, fill_color, alpha=None):
    shape = slide.shapes.add_shape(1, Inches(x), Inches(y), Inches(w), Inches(h))
    shape.line.fill.background()
    shape.fill.solid()
    shape.fill.fore_color.rgb = fill_color
    return shape

def add_textbox(slide, x, y, w, h, text, font_size=18, bold=False,
                color=DARK_TEXT, align=PP_ALIGN.LEFT, italic=False, wrap=True):
    tb = slide.shapes.add_textbox(Inches(x), Inches(y), Inches(w), Inches(h))
    tf = tb.text_frame
    tf.word_wrap = wrap
    tf.margin_left  = Inches(0.05)
    tf.margin_right = Inches(0.05)
    tf.margin_top   = Inches(0.03)
    tf.margin_bottom= Inches(0.03)
    p = tf.paragraphs[0]
    p.alignment = align
    r = p.add_run()
    r.text = text
    r.font.size   = Pt(font_size)
    r.font.bold   = bold
    r.font.italic = italic
    r.font.color.rgb = color
    r.font.name = "Calibri"
    return tf

def add_bullet_textbox(slide, x, y, w, h, bullets, font_size=16,
                       title=None, title_size=20, title_color=MID_BLUE,
                       bullet_color=DARK_TEXT, bg_color=None):
    if bg_color:
        add_rect(slide, x, y, w, h, bg_color)
    tb = slide.shapes.add_textbox(Inches(x), Inches(y), Inches(w), Inches(h))
    tf = tb.text_frame
    tf.word_wrap = True
    tf.margin_left  = Inches(0.12)
    tf.margin_right = Inches(0.08)
    tf.margin_top   = Inches(0.08)
    tf.margin_bottom= Inches(0.05)

    if title:
        p = tf.paragraphs[0]
        p.alignment = PP_ALIGN.LEFT
        r = p.add_run()
        r.text = title
        r.font.size  = Pt(title_size)
        r.font.bold  = True
        r.font.color.rgb = title_color
        r.font.name  = "Calibri"

    for bullet in bullets:
        p = tf.add_paragraph()
        p.alignment = PP_ALIGN.LEFT
        r = p.add_run()
        r.text = f"• {bullet}"
        r.font.size  = Pt(font_size)
        r.font.color.rgb = bullet_color
        r.font.name  = "Calibri"
        p.space_before = Pt(4)
    return tf

def fetch_img(url):
    try:
        result = json.loads(subprocess.check_output(
            ["python", "/tmp/skills/shared/scripts/fetch_images.py", url],
            timeout=30
        ))
        if result and result[0]["base64"]:
            data = result[0]["base64"]
            if "," in data:
                data = data.split(",",1)[1]
            return BytesIO(base64.b64decode(data))
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Image fetch failed: {e}")
    return None

def add_image(slide, url, x, y, w, h):
    img_io = fetch_img(url)
    if img_io:
        slide.shapes.add_picture(img_io, Inches(x), Inches(y), Inches(w), Inches(h))
        return True
    return False

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SLIDE 1 — Title Slide
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)

# Full background
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, DARK_BLUE)
# Accent band
add_rect(slide, 0, 5.8, 13.333, 0.06, GOLD)
# Bottom strip
add_rect(slide, 0, 5.86, 13.333, 1.64, MID_BLUE)

# Eye/lens decorative circle (simple)
add_rect(slide, 10.5, 0.5, 2.2, 4.8, MID_BLUE)

# Title
add_textbox(slide, 0.6, 1.2, 10, 1.0,
            "SURGICAL ANATOMY & METABOLISM OF THE LENS",
            font_size=34, bold=True, color=WHITE, align=PP_ALIGN.LEFT)

# Subtitle
add_textbox(slide, 0.6, 2.4, 9, 0.6,
            "Comprehensive Ophthalmology  |  AK Khurana",
            font_size=20, bold=False, color=GOLD, align=PP_ALIGN.LEFT, italic=True)

add_textbox(slide, 0.6, 3.1, 9, 0.5,
            "Diseases of the Lens  •  Chapter Overview",
            font_size=16, color=LIGHT_BLUE, align=PP_ALIGN.LEFT)

add_textbox(slide, 0.6, 6.1, 9, 0.6,
            "Department of Ophthalmology  |  Medical Education",
            font_size=14, color=WHITE, align=PP_ALIGN.LEFT)

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SLIDE 2 — Introduction & Overview
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, GREY_BG)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 1.1, DARK_BLUE)
add_rect(slide, 0, 1.1, 0.08, 6.4, GOLD)

add_textbox(slide, 0.3, 0.15, 12, 0.8,
            "INTRODUCTION TO THE CRYSTALLINE LENS",
            font_size=26, bold=True, color=WHITE)

bullets_left = [
    "Biconvex, transparent, avascular structure",
    "Located behind iris and in front of vitreous",
    "Held in position by zonular fibres (suspensory ligament of Zinn)",
    "Accounts for approximately 1/3 of total refracting power of the eye (~+16 to +20 D)",
    "Contributes to accommodation by changing shape (ciliary muscle)",
    "Completely enclosed within the lens capsule",
    "Has no blood supply, nerves, or lymphatics in adult life",
]
add_bullet_textbox(slide, 0.3, 1.25, 6.3, 5.9, bullets_left, font_size=15,
                   title="Key Features", title_color=DARK_BLUE, bg_color=WHITE)

bullets_right = [
    "Embryological origin: surface ectoderm",
    "Lens vesicle forms at ~5th week of gestation",
    "Primary lens fibres fill the vesicle lumen",
    "Lens grows throughout life (new secondary fibres added)",
    "Weight: ~65–255 mg (increases with age)",
    "Diameter: ~9–10 mm (equatorial)",
    "Axial thickness: ~3.5 mm (rest) → ~4.5 mm (accommodation)",
]
add_bullet_textbox(slide, 6.8, 1.25, 6.2, 5.9, bullets_right, font_size=15,
                   title="Embryology & Dimensions", title_color=MID_BLUE, bg_color=WHITE)

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SLIDE 3 — Surgical Anatomy: Gross Structure
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, GREY_BG)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 1.1, MID_BLUE)
add_rect(slide, 0, 1.1, 0.08, 6.4, GOLD)

add_textbox(slide, 0.3, 0.15, 12, 0.8,
            "SURGICAL ANATOMY — GROSS STRUCTURE",
            font_size=26, bold=True, color=WHITE)

# Left column
parts = [
    ("LENS CAPSULE",
     ["Basement membrane of lens epithelium",
      "Thickest at pre-equatorial region (anterior: 14 µm; posterior: 4 µm)",
      "Anterior capsule thicker than posterior",
      "Elastic — important in phacoemulsification CCC",
      "Composed of type IV collagen & laminin"]),
    ("LENS EPITHELIUM",
     ["Single layer beneath anterior & equatorial capsule",
      "Only nucleated cells of the lens",
      "Central zone: low mitotic activity",
      "Pre-equatorial (germinative) zone: active mitosis → new fibres",
      "Absent from posterior surface"]),
]
y = 1.25
for title, buls in parts:
    add_rect(slide, 0.3, y, 6.0, 0.38, MID_BLUE)
    add_textbox(slide, 0.35, y+0.02, 5.9, 0.36, title, font_size=14, bold=True, color=WHITE)
    add_bullet_textbox(slide, 0.3, y+0.38, 6.0, len(buls)*0.38+0.1, buls,
                       font_size=13, bg_color=WHITE)
    y += len(buls)*0.38 + 0.65

# Right column
parts2 = [
    ("LENS SUBSTANCE (CORTEX & NUCLEUS)",
     ["Made up of lens fibres (secondary lens fibres)",
      "Nucleus: oldest fibres, centrally located, harder",
      "Embryonic nucleus (innermost) → fetal → adult nucleus",
      "Cortex: newer, softer peripheral fibres",
      "Fibres contain crystallins (α, β, γ) — maintain transparency",
      "Y-shaped anterior & inverted Y posterior sutures"]),
    ("ZONULAR FIBRES",
     ["Arise from ciliary processes (non-pigmented epithelium)",
      "Attach to lens capsule at equator",
      "Three groups: anterior, equatorial, posterior",
      "Tensed by ciliary muscle relaxation → distant vision",
      "Relaxed by ciliary muscle contraction → near vision (accommodation)"]),
]
y = 1.25
for title, buls in parts2:
    add_rect(slide, 6.6, y, 6.5, 0.38, DARK_BLUE)
    add_textbox(slide, 6.65, y+0.02, 6.4, 0.36, title, font_size=14, bold=True, color=WHITE)
    add_bullet_textbox(slide, 6.6, y+0.38, 6.5, len(buls)*0.38+0.1, buls,
                       font_size=13, bg_color=WHITE)
    y += len(buls)*0.38 + 0.65

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SLIDE 4 — Lens Capsule in Detail
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, GREY_BG)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 1.1, DARK_BLUE)
add_rect(slide, 0, 1.1, 0.08, 6.4, GOLD)

add_textbox(slide, 0.3, 0.15, 12, 0.8,
            "LENS CAPSULE — SURGICAL SIGNIFICANCE",
            font_size=26, bold=True, color=WHITE)

data = [
    ("Region", "Thickness", "Surgical Note"),
    ("Central anterior", "14 µm", "Site of anterior capsulotomy / CCC"),
    ("Pre-equatorial anterior", "21 µm (thickest)", "Strongest region — supports IOL"),
    ("Equatorial", "17 µm", "Zonular attachment zone"),
    ("Pre-equatorial posterior", "23 µm", "Strong — less common rupture site"),
    ("Central posterior", "4 µm (thinnest)", "Most vulnerable — risk of posterior capsule rupture"),
]

# Draw table manually
col_widths = [3.5, 2.5, 6.5]
col_x = [0.3, 3.8, 6.3]
row_height = 0.55
start_y = 1.3

for ri, row in enumerate(data):
    y_ = start_y + ri * row_height
    bg = MID_BLUE if ri == 0 else (WHITE if ri % 2 == 1 else LIGHT_BLUE)
    txt_color = WHITE if ri == 0 else DARK_TEXT
    for ci, cell in enumerate(row):
        add_rect(slide, col_x[ci], y_, col_widths[ci]-0.05, row_height-0.04, bg)
        add_textbox(slide, col_x[ci]+0.1, y_+0.05, col_widths[ci]-0.2, row_height-0.1,
                    cell, font_size=14 if ri > 0 else 15,
                    bold=(ri == 0), color=txt_color)

# Notes below table
notes = [
    "CCC = Continuous Curvilinear Capsulorrhexis — standard technique for modern cataract surgery",
    "Posterior capsule (4 µm) is the thinnest — risk of tear during nucleus delivery or I/A",
    "Capsular bag integrity is critical for in-the-bag IOL placement",
    "Anterior capsule phimosis may occur with certain IOL types (especially silicone plate IOLs)",
]
add_bullet_textbox(slide, 0.3, 4.95, 12.7, 2.4, notes, font_size=14,
                   title="Clinical & Surgical Pearls", title_color=DARK_BLUE, bg_color=WHITE)

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SLIDE 5 — Lens Nucleus & Grading
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, GREY_BG)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 1.1, MID_BLUE)
add_rect(slide, 0, 1.1, 0.08, 6.4, GOLD)

add_textbox(slide, 0.3, 0.15, 12, 0.8,
            "LENS NUCLEUS — ZONES & HARDNESS GRADING",
            font_size=26, bold=True, color=WHITE)

# Left
nuclei = [
    ("Embryonic Nucleus", "Formed from primary lens fibres; innermost; present at birth"),
    ("Fetal Nucleus", "Formed during 2nd–8th month of fetal life; bounded by Y-sutures"),
    ("Infantile Nucleus", "Formed from birth to puberty"),
    ("Adult Nucleus", "Formed after puberty; soft in youth, hard with age"),
    ("Cortex", "Newest fibres between adult nucleus and capsule; softest"),
]
y = 1.3
for i, (name, desc) in enumerate(nuclei):
    bg = [DARK_BLUE, MID_BLUE, hex_to_rgb("1E6FA0"), hex_to_rgb("2980B9"), hex_to_rgb("5DADE2")][i]
    add_rect(slide, 0.3, y, 6.0, 0.9, bg)
    add_textbox(slide, 0.4, y+0.02, 5.8, 0.32, name, font_size=14, bold=True, color=WHITE)
    add_textbox(slide, 0.4, y+0.32, 5.8, 0.52, desc, font_size=12, color=WHITE, wrap=True)
    y += 0.98

# Right: Hardness grading
add_rect(slide, 6.6, 1.3, 6.5, 0.45, DARK_BLUE)
add_textbox(slide, 6.65, 1.32, 6.4, 0.42, "NUCLEUS HARDNESS GRADING (Emery-Little)", 
            font_size=15, bold=True, color=WHITE)

grades = [
    ("Grade I",   "Soft nucleus — clear or slightly yellow"),
    ("Grade II",  "Slightly hard — yellow nucleus"),
    ("Grade III", "Moderately hard — deep yellow/amber nucleus"),
    ("Grade IV",  "Hard nucleus — brown (brunescent) cataract"),
    ("Grade V",   "Very hard — black (nigra) cataract"),
]
y = 1.75
for grade, desc in grades:
    colors = [LIGHT_BLUE, hex_to_rgb("FFF9C4"), hex_to_rgb("FFD54F"), hex_to_rgb("FF8F00"), hex_to_rgb("5D4037")]
    idx = grades.index((grade, desc))
    add_rect(slide, 6.6, y, 6.5, 0.6, colors[idx])
    tc = DARK_TEXT if idx < 3 else WHITE
    add_textbox(slide, 6.7, y+0.03, 1.5, 0.55, grade, font_size=13, bold=True, color=tc)
    add_textbox(slide, 8.2, y+0.03, 4.7, 0.55, desc, font_size=13, color=tc)
    y += 0.63

add_bullet_textbox(slide, 6.6, 5.0, 6.5, 2.4, 
    ["Grading guides surgical planning — hard nuclei need more phaco energy",
     "Brunescent cataracts: higher risk of corneal endothelial damage",
     "LOCS III system (Lens Opacity Classification) also widely used",
     "Posterior pole cataracts often softer but surgically challenging"],
    font_size=13, title="Surgical Implications", title_color=DARK_BLUE, bg_color=WHITE)

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SLIDE 6 — Metabolism: Energy & Glucose
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, GREY_BG)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 1.1, DARK_BLUE)
add_rect(slide, 0, 1.1, 0.08, 6.4, GOLD)

add_textbox(slide, 0.3, 0.15, 12, 0.8,
            "LENS METABOLISM — ENERGY & GLUCOSE PATHWAYS",
            font_size=26, bold=True, color=WHITE)

add_bullet_textbox(slide, 0.3, 1.25, 6.0, 3.0,
    ["Lens is avascular — metabolites diffuse from aqueous humour",
     "Glucose is the primary metabolic substrate",
     "Three pathways for glucose metabolism:",
     "  1. Embden-Meyerhof (Anaerobic Glycolysis) — ~85%",
     "  2. Hexose Monophosphate Shunt (HMS) — ~5%",
     "  3. Sorbitol (Polyol) Pathway — minor (clinically significant in DM)",
     "Krebs cycle minimal (avascular, low O₂ tension)",
     ],
    font_size=14, title="Glucose Metabolism Overview", title_color=DARK_BLUE, bg_color=WHITE)

add_bullet_textbox(slide, 0.3, 4.4, 6.0, 2.9,
    ["Glucose → Glucose-6-Phosphate → ATP (×2) + Lactate",
     "ATP drives Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pump (maintains lens clarity)",
     "Lactate exits lens into aqueous",
     "Inhibited by monoiodoacetate",
     "Rate-limiting enzyme: Phosphofructokinase",
     "Primary pathway — produces 2 ATP per glucose",
     ],
    font_size=14, title="1. Anaerobic Glycolysis (EM Pathway)", title_color=MID_BLUE, bg_color=WHITE)

add_bullet_textbox(slide, 6.5, 1.25, 6.5, 3.0,
    ["Glucose-6-P → Gluconolactone → Pentose phosphates",
     "Generates NADPH — maintains glutathione (GSH) in reduced form",
     "Reduced GSH neutralises H₂O₂ and free radicals",
     "Protects lens proteins from oxidative damage",
     "Critical in maintaining lens transparency",
     "Activated under oxidative stress",
     ],
    font_size=14, title="2. Hexose Monophosphate Shunt", title_color=DARK_BLUE, bg_color=WHITE)

add_bullet_textbox(slide, 6.5, 4.4, 6.5, 2.9,
    ["Aldose reductase: Glucose → Sorbitol (accumulates in lens)",
     "Sorbitol dehydrogenase: Sorbitol → Fructose",
     "In DM: excess glucose → excess sorbitol (poorly diffusible)",
     "Osmotic overhydration of lens → cortical opacification",
     "Leads to 'snowflake' or 'diabetic' cataract",
     "Aldose reductase inhibitors (e.g., Epalrestat) studied for prevention",
     ],
    font_size=14, title="3. Sorbitol (Polyol) Pathway", title_color=hex_to_rgb("C0392B"), bg_color=WHITE)

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SLIDE 7 — Metabolism: Proteins, Antioxidants & Transport
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, GREY_BG)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 1.1, MID_BLUE)
add_rect(slide, 0, 1.1, 0.08, 6.4, GOLD)

add_textbox(slide, 0.3, 0.15, 12, 0.8,
            "LENS METABOLISM — PROTEINS, TRANSPORT & ANTIOXIDANTS",
            font_size=26, bold=True, color=WHITE)

add_bullet_textbox(slide, 0.3, 1.25, 6.0, 2.9,
    ["Lens has highest protein content of any tissue (~33% wet weight)",
     "Crystallins account for ~90% of soluble protein",
     "α-Crystallin: chaperone function — prevents protein aggregation",
     "β-Crystallin: most abundant structural protein",
     "γ-Crystallin: monomeric, mainly in nucleus",
     "Water-insoluble proteins increase with aging → nuclear sclerosis",
     "Protein aggregation → light scattering → cataract",
     ],
    font_size=14, title="Lens Proteins (Crystallins)", title_color=DARK_BLUE, bg_color=WHITE)

add_bullet_textbox(slide, 0.3, 4.3, 6.0, 2.9,
    ["Sodium (Na⁺) high in plasma; Potassium (K⁺) high in lens",
     "Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase on epithelium actively pumps Na⁺ out, K⁺ in",
     "ATP-dependent active transport maintains ionic balance",
     "Disruption → Na⁺ influx → water → lens swelling → opacification",
     "Cl⁻ and Ca²⁺ also regulated actively",
     "Amino acids enter via Na⁺-coupled transporters",
     ],
    font_size=14, title="Ion Transport & Pump Mechanism", title_color=MID_BLUE, bg_color=WHITE)

add_bullet_textbox(slide, 6.5, 1.25, 6.5, 2.9,
    ["Glutathione (GSH) — most important antioxidant in lens",
     "Concentration highest in cortex (5–10 mM), lower in nucleus",
     "Synthesised via glutathione synthetase in epithelium",
     "Neutralises H₂O₂ via glutathione peroxidase",
     "Ascorbic acid (Vit C) in aqueous → absorbs UV, protects lens",
     "Superoxide dismutase (SOD) also present in lens",
     "Oxidative stress: GSH depletion → protein oxidation → PSC cataract",
     ],
    font_size=14, title="Antioxidant Defence System", title_color=DARK_BLUE, bg_color=WHITE)

add_bullet_textbox(slide, 6.5, 4.3, 6.5, 2.9,
    ["Aqueous humour is the sole source of nutrients",
     "Glucose, O₂, amino acids — enter lens by diffusion & transport",
     "Metabolic waste (CO₂, lactate) exits into aqueous",
     "Calcium (Ca²⁺): low in normal lens (0.3 mM vs 1.5 mM plasma)",
     "Elevated Ca²⁺ → activates proteases → lens opacification",
     "Vitamin B₂ (Riboflavin): role in maintaining photosensitisation",
     ],
    font_size=14, title="Nutrition & Metabolic Exchange", title_color=hex_to_rgb("1A6B3A"), bg_color=WHITE)

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SLIDE 8 — Accommodation & Ageing Changes
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, GREY_BG)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 1.1, DARK_BLUE)
add_rect(slide, 0, 1.1, 0.08, 6.4, GOLD)

add_textbox(slide, 0.3, 0.15, 12, 0.8,
            "ACCOMMODATION & AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN THE LENS",
            font_size=26, bold=True, color=WHITE)

add_bullet_textbox(slide, 0.3, 1.25, 6.0, 3.5,
    ["Near vision: ciliary muscle CONTRACTS → zonules RELAX → lens becomes MORE convex",
     "Distant vision: ciliary muscle RELAXES → zonules become TAUT → lens FLATTENS",
     "Amplitude of accommodation decreases with age (presbyopia)",
     "At 10 years: ~14 D; At 40 years: ~6 D; At 60 years: ~1 D",
     "Helmholtz theory (accepted): zonule tension mechanism",
     "Schachar theory (alternative): equatorial zonule tension",
     ],
    font_size=14, title="Mechanism of Accommodation", title_color=DARK_BLUE, bg_color=WHITE)

add_bullet_textbox(slide, 0.3, 4.9, 6.0, 2.3,
    ["Presbyopia: loss of accommodation from lens hardening (~45 years)",
     "Treatment: reading glasses, bifocals, multifocal IOLs, LASIK monovision",
     "PRELEX: Presbyopic Lens Exchange with multifocal IOL",
     ],
    font_size=14, title="Presbyopia", title_color=MID_BLUE, bg_color=WHITE)

add_bullet_textbox(slide, 6.5, 1.25, 6.5, 3.5,
    ["Continuous growth throughout life (unlike most tissues)",
     "Weight doubles from birth to old age",
     "Nuclear sclerosis: lens fibres compact centrally → yellow/brown colour",
     "Increased water-insoluble proteins → reduced transparency",
     "Reduced GSH in nucleus → oxidative damage",
     "Reduced lens epithelial pump activity → ionic imbalance",
     "Meiotic activity in germinative zone persists throughout life",
     ],
    font_size=14, title="Age-Related Changes", title_color=DARK_BLUE, bg_color=WHITE)

add_bullet_textbox(slide, 6.5, 4.9, 6.5, 2.3,
    ["Nuclear sclerosis → reduced blue light transmission → chromatic aberration",
     "UV-B most damaging wavelength for lens (absorbed by nucleus)",
     "Brunescent nucleus: tryptophan photo-oxidation products accumulate",
     ],
    font_size=14, title="Optical Consequences of Ageing", title_color=MID_BLUE, bg_color=WHITE)

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SLIDE 9 — Clinical Images: Phacoemulsification Stages
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, hex_to_rgb("0A1628"))
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 1.1, MID_BLUE)
add_rect(slide, 0, 1.1, 0.08, 6.4, GOLD)

add_textbox(slide, 0.3, 0.15, 12, 0.8,
            "SURGICAL IMAGES — PHACOEMULSIFICATION & LENS EXTRACTION",
            font_size=24, bold=True, color=WHITE)

# Image 1 — phaco steps
img1_url = "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_626e046c0202ed53b1368186e2f9058a27ba8ad994f0443e5b3445835242c424.jpg"
add_image(slide, img1_url, 0.3, 1.25, 6.1, 4.0)

# Image 2 — cataract types
img2_url = "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/pmc_clinical_VQA_2152c4d52781f088c6abbe8781d9cd575a4a57a88e332234d3b603e2cc202fd6.jpg"
add_image(slide, img2_url, 6.7, 1.25, 6.3, 4.0)

add_textbox(slide, 0.3, 5.35, 6.1, 0.5,
            "Phacoemulsification: Hydrodissection → Nucleus chopping → I/A",
            font_size=12, color=LIGHT_BLUE, italic=True)
add_textbox(slide, 6.7, 5.35, 6.3, 0.5,
            "Cataract types: (A) Cortical  (B) Nuclear  (C) Posterior subcapsular",
            font_size=12, color=LIGHT_BLUE, italic=True)

add_bullet_textbox(slide, 0.3, 5.9, 12.7, 1.4,
    ["CCC (Continuous Curvilinear Capsulorrhexis) creates a circular opening in anterior capsule for safe nucleus delivery",
     "Stop-and-chop / divide-and-conquer techniques fragment the nucleus under phaco tip vacuum before aspiration",
     "Irrigation/Aspiration (I/A) removes cortical remnants before IOL implantation in the capsular bag"],
    font_size=13, bg_color=hex_to_rgb("0D1E35"), bullet_color=LIGHT_BLUE)

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SLIDE 10 — Summary & Key Points
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, GREY_BG)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 1.1, DARK_BLUE)
add_rect(slide, 0, 1.1, 0.08, 6.4, GOLD)
add_rect(slide, 12.8, 1.1, 0.533, 6.4, GOLD)

add_textbox(slide, 0.3, 0.15, 12, 0.8,
            "SUMMARY — KEY POINTS FOR EXAMINATION",
            font_size=26, bold=True, color=WHITE)

# Three columns of key facts
col1 = [
    "Lens is biconvex, avascular, transparent",
    "Capsule thinnest posteriorly (4 µm) — risk zone",
    "Anterior capsule thickest at pre-equator (21 µm)",
    "Epithelium: only nucleated cell, absent posteriorly",
    "Germinative zone → new fibres throughout life",
    "Crystallins (α, β, γ) maintain transparency",
    "α-Crystallin acts as molecular chaperone",
]
col2 = [
    "Glucose → 85% via EM (glycolysis) → ATP",
    "HMS shunt → NADPH → reduced GSH (antioxidant)",
    "Sorbitol pathway: in DM → osmotic cataract",
    "GSH = most important lens antioxidant",
    "Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pump on epithelium is critical",
    "Ca²⁺ elevated in cataract (activates proteases)",
    "Ascorbic acid in aqueous protects vs UV",
]
col3 = [
    "Accommodation: ciliary contraction → zonule slack → convex lens",
    "Presbyopia ~45 yrs due to nuclear hardening",
    "Age: water-insoluble proteins ↑ → sclerosis",
    "CCC is cornerstone of modern phaco surgery",
    "Posterior capsule: thinnest, most vulnerable",
    "In-the-bag IOL placement optimal for pseudophakia",
    "Brunescent nucleus: Grade IV–V, high phaco energy",
]

add_bullet_textbox(slide, 0.3, 1.25, 4.1, 5.9, col1, font_size=13,
                   title="Anatomy & Structure", title_color=DARK_BLUE, bg_color=WHITE)
add_bullet_textbox(slide, 4.6, 1.25, 4.1, 5.9, col2, font_size=13,
                   title="Metabolism", title_color=MID_BLUE, bg_color=WHITE)
add_bullet_textbox(slide, 9.1, 1.25, 4.1, 5.9, col3, font_size=13,
                   title="Surgery & Ageing", title_color=hex_to_rgb("1A6B3A"), bg_color=WHITE)

# ── Save ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
out_path = "/tmp/workspace/ophthalmology-lens-ppt/Lens_Anatomy_Metabolism_AK_Khurana.pptx"
buf = BytesIO()
prs.save(buf)
with open(out_path, "wb") as f:
    f.write(buf.getvalue())

print(f"Saved to: {out_path}")
print(f"Slides: {len(prs.slides)}")

Successfully replaced 1 instance(s) of the string in '/tmp/workspace/ophthalmology-lens-ppt/build_ppt.py'

Successfully replaced 1 instance(s) of the string in '/tmp/workspace/ophthalmology-lens-ppt/build_ppt.py'