Ophthalmology - differential diagnosis of nodule at limbus ak khurana

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AK Khurana ophthalmology differential diagnosis nodule at limbus phlycten limbal nodule

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Differential diagnosis of a nodule at the limbus

  1. Inflammatory lesions
    • Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis (phlycten)
    • Nodular episcleritis
    • Nodular anterior scleritis
    • Retained foreign body or foreign-body granuloma
  2. Allergic condition
    • Limbal papillae/gelatinous limbal hypertrophy in vernal keratoconjunctivitis
  3. Degenerative lesions
    • Pinguecula
    • Early pterygium
  4. Cystic lesions
    • Conjunctival inclusion cyst
    • Dermoid cyst
  5. Tumours
    • Limbal dermoid or lipodermoid
    • Conjunctival nevus
    • Papilloma
    • Ocular surface squamous neoplasia
    • Conjunctival melanoma
Clinical clue: A small white-yellow nodule with surrounding localized congestion, especially in a young patient, commonly suggests a phlycten. A pigmented, enlarging, vascularized, or fixed limbal lesion needs urgent ophthalmic assessment to exclude neoplasia.
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