from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4, landscape
from reportlab.pdfgen import canvas
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.pdfbase.pdfmetrics import stringWidth
from reportlab.lib.units import mm

OUT = '/tmp/workspace/anaesthesia-special-populations/output/Anaesthetic_Management_Special_Populations_Cheat_Sheet.pdf'
W, H = landscape(A4)

NAVY = colors.HexColor('#123047')
TEAL = colors.HexColor('#007C83')
ORANGE = colors.HexColor('#C85A17')
RED = colors.HexColor('#A92D2D')
INK = colors.HexColor('#17232B')
MUTED = colors.HexColor('#52636F')
PALE = colors.HexColor('#F2F6F7')
LINE = colors.HexColor('#C9D5D9')

c = canvas.Canvas(OUT, pagesize=(W,H))
c.setTitle('Anaesthetic Management: Special Populations - Revision Cheat Sheet')
c.setAuthor('Orris')

# helpers
def wrapped(text, font, size, maxw):
    words = text.split()
    lines, line = [], ''
    for word in words:
        test = (line + ' ' + word).strip()
        if stringWidth(test, font, size) <= maxw:
            line = test
        else:
            if line: lines.append(line)
            line = word
    if line: lines.append(line)
    return lines

def draw_lines(x, y, text, width, size=7.2, leading=8.5, color=INK, bullet=False):
    c.setFont('Helvetica', size); c.setFillColor(color)
    indent = 8 if bullet else 0
    for ln in wrapped(text, 'Helvetica', size, width-indent):
        if bullet:
            c.setFillColor(TEAL); c.circle(x+2.2, y+2.4, 1.25, fill=1, stroke=0)
            c.setFillColor(color)
        c.drawString(x+indent, y, ln)
        y -= leading
    return y

def box(x, y, w, h, title, subtitle, accent, sections, alerts):
    # y top
    c.setFillColor(colors.white); c.setStrokeColor(LINE); c.setLineWidth(.7)
    c.roundRect(x, y-h, w, h, 7, fill=1, stroke=1)
    c.setFillColor(accent); c.roundRect(x, y-35, w, 35, 7, fill=1, stroke=0)
    c.rect(x, y-35, w, 7, fill=1, stroke=0)
    c.setFillColor(colors.white); c.setFont('Helvetica-Bold', 12)
    c.drawString(x+10, y-16, title)
    c.setFont('Helvetica', 6.8); c.drawRightString(x+w-10, y-15, subtitle)
    cy = y-46
    for label, items in sections:
        c.setFillColor(NAVY); c.setFont('Helvetica-Bold', 7.4)
        c.drawString(x+9, cy, label.upper()); cy -= 9
        for item in items:
            cy = draw_lines(x+10, cy, item, w-19, size=6.85, leading=7.8, bullet=True)
            cy -= 1.2
        cy -= 1
    if alerts:
        ah=25
        ay=y-h+8
        c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor('#FFF2E6') if accent != RED else colors.HexColor('#FCEAEA'))
        c.roundRect(x+7, ay, w-14, ah, 4, fill=1, stroke=0)
        c.setFillColor(RED); c.setFont('Helvetica-Bold', 6.7)
        c.drawString(x+12, ay+15, 'EXAM PEARL')
        c.setFillColor(INK); c.setFont('Helvetica', 6.55)
        for i,ln in enumerate(wrapped(alerts,'Helvetica',6.55,w-67)):
            c.drawString(x+57, ay+15-i*7, ln)

# background
c.setFillColor(PALE); c.rect(0,0,W,H,fill=1,stroke=0)
# header
c.setFillColor(NAVY); c.rect(0,H-45,W,45,fill=1,stroke=0)
c.setFillColor(colors.white); c.setFont('Helvetica-Bold', 18)
c.drawString(17,H-27,'ANAESTHETIC MANAGEMENT: SPECIAL POPULATIONS')
c.setFont('Helvetica',7.5); c.setFillColor(colors.HexColor('#D6E6E8'))
c.drawString(18,H-38,'One-page perioperative revision sheet | Assess - plan - monitor - recover')

margin=13; gap=9; top=H-55; bw=(W-2*margin-gap)/2; bh=217
x1=margin; x2=margin+bw+gap; y1=top; y2=top-bh-8

box(x1,y1,bw,bh,'GERIATRIC PATIENT','frailty | brain | physiology',TEAL,[
 ('Assess', ['Frailty, baseline cognition/delirium risk, function, nutrition and goals of care. Review polypharmacy, anticoagulants and organ reserve.', 'Screen cardiovascular and respiratory disease; obtain investigations only when results will change management.']),
 ('Plan', ['Use regional/local techniques where appropriate, but avoid assuming regional alone prevents delirium. Individualize GA versus regional.', 'Reduced MAC and slower clearance: start low, titrate slowly. Avoid hypotension, hypoxia, hypothermia, anticholinergic burden and unnecessary benzodiazepines.']),
 ('Intra-op', ['Maintain cerebral and organ perfusion. Temperature control, careful fluids, blood loss management and neuromuscular monitoring with complete reversal.']),
 ('Recovery', ['Multimodal, opioid-sparing analgesia. Reorient, mobilize early, restore glasses/hearing aids, prevent urinary retention/constipation; monitor delirium and respiratory depression.'])
], 'Postoperative delirium prevention is multimodal: avoid physiologic insults and use opioid-sparing analgesia.')

box(x2,y1,bw,bh,'PREGNANT PATIENT','maternal safety = fetal safety',ORANGE,[
 ('Assess', ['Gestation, urgency, obstetric history, pre-eclampsia/haemorrhage risk, fetal status and aspiration risk. Left uterine displacement after about 20 weeks.', 'Anticipate difficult airway: airway oedema, breast enlargement, reduced FRC and rapid desaturation.']),
 ('Plan', ['For non-obstetric surgery, defer elective procedures when feasible; multidisciplinary obstetric and neonatal planning.', 'Neuraxial techniques usually preferred for labour and caesarean delivery when no contraindication. Prepare for failed/patchy block and conversion.']),
 ('Intra-op', ['Preoxygenate thoroughly. Use ramping/head-up position when indicated. Rapid-sequence induction if GA needed; have difficult-airway plan and smaller tube available.', 'Prevent aortocaval compression, maintain maternal oxygenation, BP and normocapnia. Treat hypotension promptly.']),
 ('Recovery', ['Aspiration and haemorrhage vigilance. Continue thromboprophylaxis strategy where indicated; use compatible multimodal analgesia and support breastfeeding planning.'])
], 'Do not delay maternal resuscitation or treatment. Optimize maternal oxygenation and perfusion first.')

box(x1,y2,bw,bh,'PAEDIATRIC PATIENT','weight | warmth | airway',TEAL,[
 ('Assess', ['Confirm age, accurate current weight, fasting, comorbidities, recent URTI and prematurity history. Involve parent/carer; reduce anxiety.', 'Equipment and drugs must be age/size appropriate. Calculate doses in mg/kg and check maximum dose.']),
 ('Plan', ['Airway anatomy: proportionally large occiput/tongue, anterior larynx, narrow subglottis. Small oxygen reserve means rapid desaturation.', 'Secure IV access plan, blood-loss estimate and warming strategy. Use behavioural preparation and appropriate premedication selectively.']),
 ('Intra-op', ['Meticulous monitoring: SpO2, capnography, temperature, glucose when risk factors/prolonged surgery. Maintain normothermia and age-appropriate fluids.', 'Ventilate gently; prevent hypoxia, hypercarbia and hypotension. Confirm NM block reversal; extubate fully awake versus deep only with a deliberate risk-based plan.']),
 ('Recovery', ['Weight-based multimodal analgesia. Prevent/treat PONV. Observe for airway obstruction, apnoea, emergence delirium and opioid-related respiratory depression.'])
], 'Children compensate well then deteriorate abruptly: hypoxia and airway events need early, decisive treatment.')

box(x2,y2,bw,bh,'OBESE PATIENT','airway | OSA | VTE',ORANGE,[
 ('Assess', ['BMI distribution, OSA/OHS, CPAP use, hypertension, diabetes, reflux/aspiration risk, cardiopulmonary reserve and VTE risk.', 'Examine airway and neck mobility. Verify equipment: high-capacity table, long needles, positioning aids, BP cuff/ultrasound access.']),
 ('Plan', ['Ramped, head-up position for preoxygenation and laryngoscopy. Plan A-B-C airway strategy; consider awake intubation when difficulty is anticipated.', 'Dose carefully: scalar differs by drug. Avoid automatic total-body-weight dosing. Use local policy/pharmacy support for induction agents, NM blockers and opioids.']),
 ('Intra-op', ['Preoxygenation with positive pressure where appropriate; apnoeic oxygenation may help. Lung-protective ventilation with individualized PEEP and recruitment when suitable.', 'Quantitative NM monitoring and full reversal. Multimodal, opioid-sparing analgesia; thromboprophylaxis and pressure-area protection.']),
 ('Recovery', ['Head-up, fully awake extubation with planned postoperative oxygenation/CPAP where appropriate. Enhanced monitoring for hypoventilation, obstruction and opioid sensitivity.'])
], 'OSA/OHS plus opioids is high risk: minimize opioids and ensure appropriate postoperative respiratory monitoring.')

# Footer
c.setStrokeColor(LINE); c.line(14,15,W-14,15)
c.setFillColor(MUTED); c.setFont('Helvetica',5.8)
c.drawString(15,7,'Revision aid only: adapt to patient, procedure, local policy and senior anaesthetist supervision. No fixed drug doses included.')
c.drawRightString(W-15,7,'Core principles synthesized from Miller’s Anesthesia 10e and Barash Clinical Anesthesia 9e.')
c.showPage(); c.save()
print(OUT)