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NIKSHAY from PARK TEXTBOOK OF SPM

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Here is everything Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine covers on NIKSHAY:

NIKSHAY - TB Surveillance System

(Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine)

What is NIKSHAY?

NIKSHAY is a case-based, web-based IT application for TB surveillance developed by the Central TB Division (CTD) in collaboration with the National Informatics Centre (NIC).
  • The name "Nikshay" is formed from two Hindi words: "NI" + "KSHAY", meaning "eradication of TB".
  • It was launched in May 2012.

Functional Components of NIKSHAY

NIKSHAY has the following components:
  1. Master management
  2. User details
  3. TB patient registration - including details of:
    • Diagnosis
    • DOT provider
    • HIV status
    • Follow-up
    • Contact tracing
    • Treatment outcomes
  4. Laboratory details - solid and liquid culture, DST, LPA, CBNAAT results
  5. DR-TB patient registration with full details
  6. Referral and transfer of patients
  7. Private health facility registration and TB notification
  8. Mobile application for TB notification
  9. SMS alerts to patients on registration
  10. SMS alerts to programme officers
  11. Automated periodic reports:
  • a. Case finding
  • b. Sputum conversion
  • c. Treatment outcome

IT-Enabled Adherence Tools

The programme also uses 99 DOTS for HIV-TB patients (an IT-enabled adherence tool), with plans to expand it to all TB patients with the implementation of the daily regimen.

Nikshay Entry (Documentation)

  • Once a treatment regimen is finalized, all patients must be initiated on treatment after opening the treatment card, with entries done in Nikshay.
  • The MO-PHI (Medical Officer - Primary Health Institution) is responsible for ensuring that treatment details are entered by PHI staff.
  • Nikshay entry is NOT a separate activity - it is an integrated part of documentation. All events from notification to treatment outcome are recorded in Nikshay.

NIKSHAY and Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)

TB patients reported in NIKSHAY are linked with AADHAR and PEMS (Patient Electronic Management System) to deliver direct beneficiary transfers - financial benefits to TB patients and their providers.

Role of NIKSHAY at Various Levels

At every tier of the RNTCP/NTP hierarchy, maintaining records and NIKSHAY is a key responsibility:
LevelRole
State Drug StoreMaintain records, NIKSHAY & DVDMS
C & DST LabMaintain records & NIKSHAY
CBNAAT LabMaintain records & NIKSHAY
Nodal DR-TBCMaintain records & NIKSHAY
District DR-TBCMaintain records and NIKSHAY
District levelMaintain records, NIKSHAY, monitor & supervise

Broader Context: IT Tools in the National TB Programme

NIKSHAY is part of a broader package of tools to improve TB care, especially in the private sector:
  • Mandatory TB notification (Government of India order dated 7th May 2012)
  • NIKSHAY for case-based surveillance
  • Ban on TB serodiagnostics (ban on serological tests due to poor specificity)
  • Standards for TB Care in India (STCI)
Key exam points to remember:
  • NIKSHAY = NI + KSHAY = "Eradication of TB"
  • Launched: May 2012 (same month as mandatory TB notification order)
  • Developed by: CTD + NIC
  • It is a case-based, web-based system
  • Linked with AADHAR + PEMS for Direct Benefit Transfer
  • Used at all levels of the TB programme hierarchy
  • Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, TB chapter
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