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bilateral undescended testes cryptorchidism ultrasound

This diagnostic image displays two side-by-side grayscale ultrasonography panels of the inguinal/scrotal region, used to evaluate bilateral cryptorchidism. The left panel shows a longitudinal 2D ultrasound view of an undescended testis, appearing as an oval, hypoechoic, heterogeneous mass measured at approximately 1.14 cm by 0.565 cm. Caliper markers delineate the length and width of the structure within the surrounding soft tissue. The right panel displays the same region using color Doppler imaging, indicated by a rectangular sampling box and a velocity scale (+4.8 to -4.8 cm/s). Small focal areas of blue and red within the sampling box represent blood flow within the testicular parenchyma. Instrument parameters are visible on the left margin, including a frame rate (FR) of 47Hz for the 2D image and 26Hz for the Doppler study. These images demonstrate the classic sonographic appearance of small, extra-scrotal gonads, serving as a primary diagnostic tool for locating non-palpable testes in pediatric patients.

This diagnostic image displays two side-by-side grayscale ultrasonography panels of the inguinal/scrotal region, used to evaluate bilateral cryptorchidism. The left panel shows a longitudinal 2D ultrasound view of an undescended testis, appearing as an oval, hypoechoic, heterogeneous mass measured at approximately 1.14 cm by 0.565 cm. Caliper markers delineate the length and width of the structure within the surrounding soft tissue. The right panel displays the same region using color Doppler imaging, indicated by a rectangular sampling box and a velocity scale (+4.8 to -4.8 cm/s). Small focal areas of blue and red within the sampling box represent blood flow within the testicular parenchyma. Instrument parameters are visible on the left margin, including a frame rate (FR) of 47Hz for the 2D image and 26Hz for the Doppler study. These images demonstrate the classic sonographic appearance of small, extra-scrotal gonads, serving as a primary diagnostic tool for locating non-palpable testes in pediatric patients.

This diagnostic ultrasound image demonstrates an undescended testis (cryptorchidism) located within the inguinal canal. The testis is identified by a yellow arrow pointing to a well-defined, oval, hypoechoic structure relative to the surrounding soft tissue layers. Measurement calipers are positioned over the testicular parenchyma to assess its dimensions. The surrounding anatomical environment shows stratified layers of variable echogenicity, representing subcutaneous fat, fascia, and inguinal musculature. The testicular tissue itself appears relatively homogeneous in texture, a common sonographic finding for an ectopic or undescended testis. This imaging is characteristic of pediatric or adolescent urological evaluations where a testis is non-palpable in the scrotum. The educational focus of this image is the sonographic identification of undescended testes and the differentiation of testicular parenchyma from adjacent inguinal lymph nodes or surrounding soft tissues.

This diagnostic ultrasound image demonstrates an undescended testis (cryptorchidism) located within the inguinal canal. The testis is identified by a yellow arrow pointing to a well-defined, oval, hypoechoic structure relative to the surrounding soft tissue layers. Measurement calipers are positioned over the testicular parenchyma to assess its dimensions. The surrounding anatomical environment shows stratified layers of variable echogenicity, representing subcutaneous fat, fascia, and inguinal musculature. The testicular tissue itself appears relatively homogeneous in texture, a common sonographic finding for an ectopic or undescended testis. This imaging is characteristic of pediatric or adolescent urological evaluations where a testis is non-palpable in the scrotum. The educational focus of this image is the sonographic identification of undescended testes and the differentiation of testicular parenchyma from adjacent inguinal lymph nodes or surrounding soft tissues.

Laparoscopic intra-abdominal view demonstrating bilateral undescended testes (cryptorchidism). The composite clinical image shows two sub-panels, labeled 'Left' and 'Right', illustrating the findings during a diagnostic laparoscopy for impalpable testes. In both images, the intra-abdominal testis (indicated by solid black arrows) is positioned proximal to the internal inguinal ring (indicated by dashed white arrows). The 'Left' panel displays the ovoid morphology of the testis and the associated spermatic vessels. The 'Right' panel shows surgical instrumentation, likely a probe or grasper, used for mobilization or inspection of the cord structures. Key anatomical landmarks visible include the internal inguinal ring, the ductus deferens, and the testicular vessels. This visual is diagnostic for intra-abdominal cryptorchidism and serves as a surgical planning tool for orchidopexy, such as the Fowler-Stevens procedure. The images highlight the proximity of the gonads to the inguinal canal entry point within the retroperitoneal space.

Laparoscopic intra-abdominal view demonstrating bilateral undescended testes (cryptorchidism). The composite clinical image shows two sub-panels, labeled 'Left' and 'Right', illustrating the findings during a diagnostic laparoscopy for impalpable testes. In both images, the intra-abdominal testis (indicated by solid black arrows) is positioned proximal to the internal inguinal ring (indicated by dashed white arrows). The 'Left' panel displays the ovoid morphology of the testis and the associated spermatic vessels. The 'Right' panel shows surgical instrumentation, likely a probe or grasper, used for mobilization or inspection of the cord structures. Key anatomical landmarks visible include the internal inguinal ring, the ductus deferens, and the testicular vessels. This visual is diagnostic for intra-abdominal cryptorchidism and serves as a surgical planning tool for orchidopexy, such as the Fowler-Stevens procedure. The images highlight the proximity of the gonads to the inguinal canal entry point within the retroperitoneal space.

Clinical photograph of the male pelvic and inguinal region demonstrating bilateral cryptorchidism. The image shows a normotrophic but empty scrotal pouch, characterized by wrinkled, hyperpigmented skin without visible or palpable testicular contents. In the bilateral inguinal areas, two circular markings have been drawn with a surgical marker, indicating the location of ectopic or undescended testes identified in the subcutaneous tissue. The surrounding skin of the lower abdomen and groin appears normal with typical fine hair distribution. This visual serves as an educational tool for identifying the physical signs of traumatic testicular dislocation or congenital cryptorchidism, highlighting the contrast between a developed scrotal sac and the absence of its contents, as well as the utility of surface marking for surgical planning in orchiopexy.

Clinical photograph of the male pelvic and inguinal region demonstrating bilateral cryptorchidism. The image shows a normotrophic but empty scrotal pouch, characterized by wrinkled, hyperpigmented skin without visible or palpable testicular contents. In the bilateral inguinal areas, two circular markings have been drawn with a surgical marker, indicating the location of ectopic or undescended testes identified in the subcutaneous tissue. The surrounding skin of the lower abdomen and groin appears normal with typical fine hair distribution. This visual serves as an educational tool for identifying the physical signs of traumatic testicular dislocation or congenital cryptorchidism, highlighting the contrast between a developed scrotal sac and the absence of its contents, as well as the utility of surface marking for surgical planning in orchiopexy.

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bilateral cryptorchidism undescended testes adult management

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Explanation of the Two Scan Reports

These are two ultrasound (USG) reports from Nethra Scans, done on the same day (18/03/2026) for a 26-year-old male, referred by a surgeon (Dr. Raju, M.S.).

Report 1: USG Abdomen and KUB (Kidney, Ureter, Bladder)

This is a standard abdominal ultrasound that examines all abdominal organs. Here is what each finding means:
OrganFindingMeaning
Liver14.2 cm, homogeneous, no abscess/massSlightly enlarged (normal upper limit ~13 cm) but no serious lesion
Gall BladderNormal, no calculi (stones)No gallstones
Common Bile DuctNormal, no calculiNo blockage
PancreasNormalNo pancreatitis or tumor
SpleenNormal, 11.8 cmWithin normal limits
AortaNormal, no para-aortic nodesNo lymph node enlargement around the aorta
Peritoneal CavityNormalNo free fluid (ascites)
Right KidneyNormal cortex and collecting system, no calculiNo kidney stones or hydronephrosis
Left KidneyNormal cortex and collecting system, no calculiNo kidney stones or hydronephrosis
BladderNormalNo thickening or stone
ProstateNormal, no intra-vesical enlargementNormal for age
RIF (Right Iliac Fossa)No inflamed bowel loopsRules out appendicitis or ileitis
Impression: No significant sonographic abnormalities detected.
This report is essentially normal. The RIF finding is important - it rules out appendicitis, which may have been a clinical concern given the surgical referral.

Report 2: USG Scrotum - THE KEY FINDING

This is the critical report. It explains WHY the scans were ordered.

Right Testis:

  • Not seen in the scrotum (where it should normally be)
  • Found in the right side of the pelvis, near the anterolateral aspect of the urinary bladder (i.e., inside the abdomen/pelvis)
  • Size: 3 x 1.4 cm (smaller than normal; a normal adult testis is ~4 x 3 x 2 cm)
  • Tiny calcifications in the testicular tissue
  • Minimal vascularity on Doppler (reduced blood flow - concerning)

Left Testis:

  • Not seen in the scrotum
  • Found near the anterior abdominal wall of the pelvis, adjacent to the deep inguinal ring (at the entrance of the inguinal canal, but hasn't passed through into the scrotum)
  • Size: 3 x 1.6 cm (also small)
  • Multiple tiny calcifications in the testicular tissue
  • Normal vascularity on Doppler (blood flow intact)

Impression: Bilateral Undescended Testes (Bilateral Cryptorchidism) - Located Intra-abdominally


What is Bilateral Cryptorchidism?

Cryptorchidism means "hidden testis." Normally, both testes descend from the abdomen into the scrotum before birth or shortly after. In this patient at 26 years old, both testes never descended and remain inside the pelvis/abdomen.
Ultrasound of undescended testis in inguinal canal
Laparoscopic view of bilateral undescended testes intra-abdominally

Why Is This Significant? - Major Risks

This is a serious finding in a 26-year-old. Normally, orchidopexy (surgery to bring testes into the scrotum) is performed between 6-18 months of age. Untreated into adulthood carries several major consequences:
1. Testicular Cancer Risk (Most Urgent)
  • Men with cryptorchidism have a 10 to 40-fold increased risk of developing testicular cancer in the undescended testis - Goldman-Cecil Medicine
  • Intra-abdominal testes carry the highest risk for malignancy - Family Medicine Textbook
  • The calcifications found in both testes (called testicular microlithiasis) can also be associated with germ cell tumors
  • Even the normally descended testis has higher risk; here both are undescended, doubling the concern
  • Risk increases with every year of delay after 18 months
2. Infertility
  • The scrotal temperature (~2°C lower than body temperature) is essential for sperm production
  • At body temperature (inside the abdomen), sperm production is severely impaired
  • Bilateral cryptorchidism means both testes are affected - virtually complete infertility is expected at this age
  • Campbell-Walsh Urology notes that reproductive prognosis worsens significantly when orchidopexy is delayed
3. Testicular Torsion
  • Undescended testes have a higher risk of twisting on their blood supply (torsion), which can cause sudden loss of the testis
4. Small Testis Size
  • Both testes are atrophic (smaller than normal). The right testis especially shows minimal vascularity, suggesting poor function

What the Calcifications Mean

The "tiny calcifications" in the testicular parenchyma (tissue) = testicular microlithiasis. This is a recognized finding that:
  • Is commonly associated with prolonged undescended testes
  • Increases the risk of germ cell tumors (testicular cancer)
  • Warrants close surveillance or tumor marker testing (AFP, beta-hCG, LDH)

What Should Happen Next

Given this is a 26-year-old with bilateral intra-abdominal undescended testes:
  1. Urgent surgical referral (already referred to Dr. Raju, M.S.) - Orchidopexy (if the testes are viable) or Orchidectomy (removal, if testicular function is absent/minimal and cancer risk outweighs preservation)
  2. Tumor markers: AFP, beta-hCG, LDH to screen for occult germ cell tumor
  3. Hormone evaluation: Testosterone, LH, FSH to assess testicular function
  4. Fertility counseling: Sperm analysis, sperm banking if any viable sperm remain
  5. Genetic testing if there is any suspicion of a syndromic cause (e.g., Prader-Willi, Noonan syndrome)
The right testis with "minimal vascularity" is particularly concerning - this may indicate atrophy or early ischemia, and may not be salvageable. The left testis with "normal vascularity" has a better prognosis.

Summary: The abdominal scan is normal. The scrotal scan reveals bilateral undescended testes (cryptorchidism) that have remained inside the pelvis into adulthood - a serious condition requiring urgent surgical evaluation due to high cancer risk, infertility, and the calcifications noted in both testes.
Sources: Campbell-Walsh Wein Urology; Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 22E; Goldman-Cecil Medicine; Family Medicine Textbook 9e
Disclaimer: This is an educational explanation only. Please follow up with Dr. Raju or a urologist/andrologist for clinical management.
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