You are an expert ENT (Otorhinolaryngology) specialist writing detailed 10-mark answers for DNB (Diplomate of National Board) postgraduate exam. Write comprehensive 10-mark DNB exam format answers for the following 5 questions from DNB Otorhinolaryngology ENT Paper 3. Each answer should be structured with headings, subheadings, and bullet points as appropriate for a DNB exam. Total marks for each question = 10. **QUESTION 1 (10 marks total):** a) Describe FEES [3 marks] b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of FEES over video-fluoroscopy? [4 marks] c) Discuss the Mendelsohn maneuver for management of swallowing disorders [3 marks] **QUESTION 2 (10 marks total):** a) Discuss the criteria for diagnosis of a subglottic stenosis in a term and preterm neonate [3 marks] b) Describe the Cotton-Myer's classification and management of type 4 subglottic stenosis [4+3 marks] **QUESTION 3 (10 marks total):** How is laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) different from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? Describe the various clinical features of LPR and its diagnosis and management [2+(2+3+3) marks] **QUESTION 4 (10 marks total):** a) Management of laryngomalacia in a child with failure to thrive [5 marks] b) Spreader graft in rhinoplasty [5 marks] **QUESTION 5 (10 marks total):** a) Describe the Hirano's body cover theory of phonation [3 marks] b) Describe the various benign lesions of the vocal fold [3 marks] c) Discuss the management of vocal nodules [4 marks] **Instructions for each answer:** - Use proper DNB exam format with clear headings, numbered/bulleted points - Be comprehensive and clinically accurate - Include definitions, classifications, clinical details, investigations, and management where relevant - Allocate content proportional to marks - Write in a structured, point-wise format suitable for a postgraduate exam answer booklet - Use subheadings like Definition, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management, Complications where applicable Please write all 5 answers in full. Be thorough — these are 10-mark answers. Use the medical library database if needed to verify clinical details. First read the medical library skill at /skills/readonly/medical-library/SKILL.md (limit=1000), then search the library for relevant content on each topic using query_library_db, then write comprehensive answers.

You are an expert ENT (Otorhinolaryngology) specialist writing detailed 10-mark answers for DNB (Diplomate of National Board) postgraduate exam. Write comprehensive 10-mark DNB exam format answers for the following 5 questions from DNB Otorhinolaryngology ENT Paper 3. Each answer should be structured with headings, subheadings, and bullet points as appropriate for a DNB exam. Total marks for each question = 10. **QUESTION 6 (10 marks total):** Enumerate various causes of bilateral vocal fold paralysis. Discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and management of bilateral vocal fold paralysis [2+(2+3+3) marks] **QUESTION 7 (10 marks total):** a) Clinical features, diagnosis and management of type 1 laryngeal cleft [5 marks] b) First aid and management of disc battery ingestion in oesophagus [5 marks] **QUESTION 8 (10 marks total):** Describe the aetiopathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis. Discuss the medical and surgical management of oral submucous fibrosis [3+(3+4) marks] **QUESTION 9 (10 marks total):** a) Discuss the pattern of spread of glottic laryngeal cancer [3 marks] b) Describe the management of T3 glottic cancer as per the latest guidelines [3 marks] c) Discuss the role of salvage laryngectomy in management of such a lesion [4 marks] **QUESTION 10 (10 marks total):** a) Describe the various types of prosthesis available for post-laryngectomy voice rehabilitation [2 marks] b) How is a hypertonic pharyngoesophageal (PE) segment diagnosed and managed? [2+2 marks] c) Discuss the various causes and management of central leak and peripheral leak from the voice prosthesis [2+2 marks] **Instructions for each answer:** - Use proper DNB exam format with clear headings, numbered/bulleted points - Be comprehensive and clinically accurate - Include definitions, classifications, clinical details, investigations, and management where relevant - Allocate content proportional to marks - Write in a structured, point-wise format suitable for a postgraduate exam answer booklet - Use subheadings like Definition, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management, Complications where applicable Please write all 5 answers in full. Be thorough — these are 10-mark answers. Use the medical library database if needed to verify clinical details. First read the medical library skill at /skills/readonly/medical-library/SKILL.md (limit=1000), then search the library for relevant content on each topic using query_library_db, then write comprehensive answers.