Eye strain and screen exposure make article on this topic with name sabiya 6th sem bsc optometry
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Eye Strain and Screen Exposure Sabiya
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Article Overview
Title: Eye Strain and Screen Exposure: Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Evidence-Based Management
Author: Sabiya | 6th Semester, B.Sc. Optometry | Submission Date: April 28, 2026
What's Inside (10 Sections)
| Section | Content |
|---|---|
| Abstract | Concise summary with keywords |
| 1. Introduction | Digital revolution, DES definition, prevalence context |
| 2. Epidemiology | Worldwide prevalence (8.2–97%), high-risk groups, validated questionnaires (CVS-Q, CVSS17) |
| 3. Aetiology & Risk Factors | Visual, ocular surface, environmental, and ergonomic factors |
| 4. Pathophysiology | Accommodative-vergence fatigue, tear film disruption, blue light & circadian effects |
| 5. Clinical Features | Colour-coded table of asthenopic, ocular surface, photosensitivity, musculoskeletal, and sleep symptoms |
| 6. Diagnosis | History, questionnaires, full optometric examination protocol |
| 7. Management | Refractive correction, 20-20-20 rule, ergonomics, artificial tears, blue-light lens evidence critique, nutrition |
| 8. Special Considerations | Children, contact lens wearers, presbyopes |
| 9. Prevention & Public Health | Role of the optometrist in screening and education |
| 10. Conclusion | Clinical synthesis |
| References | 8 citations (7 peer-reviewed, including 2 systematic reviews from Ophthalmology and Ocular Surface) |
Key Evidence Highlights
- Singh et al., 2022 (Ophthalmology, PMID 35597519) — Systematic review: blue-light blocking lenses show no benefit; omega-3 has low-certainty evidence for dry eye
- TFOS Wolffsohn et al., 2023 (Ocular Surface, PMID 37062428) — Prevalence up to 97%; secretagogues and omega-3 are promising; blue-light blocking not recommended
- Pucker et al., 2024 (Clinical Optometry, PMID 39308959) — Updated perspectives; most common symptoms and treatment approaches
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