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Solve this mcqs ref park
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I now have enough from the library plus my knowledge of Park's textbook to answer all 20 questions comprehensively. Here are the complete answers:
Community Medicine MCQ Answers (Park's Textbook Reference)
Q1. 'Norplant' is an example of which type of contraceptive?
Answer: A) Sub-dermal implant
Norplant is a subdermal implant developed by the Population Council, New York. It consists of 6 silastic (silicone rubber) capsules each containing 35 mg of levonorgestrel, inserted under the skin of the forearm.
(Park's, Chapter on Family Planning)
Q2. 'Rule of halves' is mainly concerned with which medical condition?
Answer: A) Essential Hypertension
The Rule of Halves for hypertension states: of all hypertensives in the community, only half are detected; of those detected, only half are treated; and of those treated, only half are adequately controlled. This was classically described for essential hypertension.
(Park's, Chapter on Non-Communicable Diseases)
Q3. Family size in demography is related to:
Answer: D) Total number of children born
Family size in demography refers to the total number of children ever born to a couple (live births), used as a measure of fertility.
(Park's, Chapter on Demography and Family Planning)
Q4. All are complications of anaemia in pregnant women EXCEPT:
Answer: D) Erythroblastosis foetalis
Complications of anaemia in pregnancy include premature birth, puerperal sepsis, and post-partum haemorrhage. Erythroblastosis foetalis is caused by Rh incompatibility (isoimmunization), NOT by maternal anaemia.
(Park's, Chapter on Maternal and Child Health)
Q5. The most important element of school health programme is:
Answer: D) Health education
Directly from Park's textbook: "The most important element of the school health programme is health education. The goal of health education should be to bring about desirable changes in health knowledge, in attitudes and in practice."
(Park's, Chapter on School Health)
Q6. Which of the following is NOT included in 'cleans' in conduct of delivery?
Answer: B) Clean perineum
The "5 Cleans" of safe delivery are:
- Clean hands
- Clean surface for delivery
- Clean cutting and care of umbilical cord
- Clean cord tie
- Clean birth canal/no internal examination
"Clean perineum" is NOT one of the 5 cleans. The focus is on hands, surface, and cord care - not perineal cleaning.
(Park's, Chapter on MCH / Safe Motherhood)
Q7. Temporary hardness of water is primarily due to:
Answer: C) Calcium and magnesium bicarbonates
Temporary hardness is due to calcium and magnesium bicarbonates - it can be removed by simple boiling (which precipitates the bicarbonates). Permanent hardness is due to calcium and magnesium sulphates/chlorides, which cannot be removed by boiling.
(Park's, Chapter on Water Supply and Sanitation - confirmed from library)
Q8. Which correctly defines "eligible couple"?
Answer: B) A couple with wife in reproductive age group
Directly from Park's textbook: "An eligible couple refers to a currently married couple wherein the wife is in the reproductive age, which is generally assumed to lie between the ages of 15 and 45."
(Park's, Chapter on Family Planning - confirmed from library)
Q9. Mr Henry Dunant is founder of which Voluntary Health Agency?
Answer: B) International Red Cross Society
Jean Henri Dunant (Swiss philanthropist) founded the International Red Cross in 1863 after witnessing the Battle of Solferino. He was awarded the first Nobel Peace Prize in 1901.
(Park's, Chapter on International Health Agencies)
Q10. Waste water from household kitchen is called:
Answer: C) Sullage
- Sullage = waste water from kitchen, bathrooms, laundry (no toilet waste)
- Sewage = waste water including toilet/human excreta
- Refuse = solid waste
- Garbage = food/organic solid waste (Park's, Chapter on Waste Disposal and Sanitation)
Q11. Deaths occurring within 4 weeks of birth are called:
Answer: A) Neonatal mortality
- Neonatal mortality = deaths within 28 days (4 weeks) of birth
- Perinatal mortality = stillbirths + deaths within 7 days
- Infant mortality = deaths under 1 year
- Postnatal mortality = deaths between 28 days and 1 year
The baby in the question dies at 12 days, which is within the neonatal period (0-28 days).
(Park's, Chapter on Demography and Vital Statistics)
Q12. The following principle is NOT considered as a part of 'Primary Health Care':
Answer: C) Mainly coordinated by doctors
The Alma-Ata Declaration (1978) principles of PHC include:
- Intersectoral coordination ✓
- Appropriate technology ✓
- Community participation ✓
- Equitable distribution, etc. ✓
PHC is explicitly a community-based, multisectoral approach - NOT mainly coordinated by doctors. It relies on multipurpose health workers and community involvement.
(Park's, Chapter on Primary Health Care)
Q13. Boys over 16 years difficult to handle in school, sent for training and reformation for 3 years - this facility is:
Answer: C) Borstal
Under the Juvenile Justice Act, Borstals (Borstal Schools/Institutions) are meant for older juvenile offenders (16-21 years) for reformation through education and vocational training. Remand homes are for temporary custody; Orphanages for parentless children; Foster homes for care placement.
(Park's, Chapter on School and Occupational Health / Social Paediatrics)
Q14. Bhopal Gas Tragedy - toxic chemical exposure:
Answer: A) Methyl isocyanate (MIC)
The Bhopal Gas Tragedy (December 2-3, 1984) was caused by accidental leakage of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) from the Union Carbide pesticide plant. Over 3000 people died immediately and ~2 million were affected. It remains the world's worst industrial chemical disaster.
(Park's, Chapter on Environmental Health / Occupational Health)
Q15. International health agency to lead global response to Ebola outbreak:
Answer: A) The World Health Organization (WHO)
WHO is the leading international health agency responsible for coordinating global responses to infectious disease outbreaks and health emergencies under the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005). UNICEF focuses on children; WFP on food; Global Fund specifically on HIV/TB/Malaria.
(Park's, Chapter on International Health Agencies)
Q16. The 'Pearl Index' indicates the number of 'accidental pregnancies' per:
Answer: B) 100 women years of exposure
Pearl Index = (Number of accidental pregnancies / Total months of exposure) × 1200
= Number of failures per 100 woman-years of exposure. It is the standard measure of contraceptive efficacy.
(Park's, Chapter on Family Planning)
Q17. Most appropriate contraceptive during first 6 months of lactational period for a 27-year-old primipara:
Answer: A) Copper T
During the first 6 months of lactation:
- Copper T (IUCD) is ideal - non-hormonal, does not affect breast milk, highly effective
- Combined oral pill is contraindicated (oestrogen suppresses lactation)
- Injectable contraceptives (DMPA) - some concern about neonatal exposure to progestin
- LAM (Lactational Amenorrhoea Method) is also acceptable but the question offers Copper T as the best choice
(Park's, Chapter on Family Planning)
Q18. Provision of spectacles to patients operated for cataract is an example of:
Answer: D) Tertiary Prevention
- Primordial = prevent risk factors
- Primary = prevent disease occurrence
- Secondary = early detection and treatment (cataract surgery itself)
- Tertiary = rehabilitation, prevent disability/complications after disease/treatment
Providing spectacles after cataract surgery = rehabilitation = Tertiary prevention.
(Park's, Chapter on Levels of Prevention)
Q19. Oral iron supplementation under 'Anaemia Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan' for pregnant women has:
Answer: D) 100 mg elemental iron and 0.5 mg folic acid
Under the National Nutritional Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme (now Anaemia Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan), the standard tablet given to pregnant women contains 100 mg elemental iron + 0.5 mg folic acid, taken daily for 100 days.
(Park's, Chapter on Maternal and Child Health / Nutrition)
Q20. Upper limit of noise a person can tolerate long time without damage to hearing:
Answer: C) 85 dB
The safe upper limit for continuous/long-term noise exposure without hearing damage is 85 dB (as per WHO and OSHA standards). Exposure above 85 dB over prolonged periods causes noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL).
(Park's, Chapter on Occupational Health / Environmental Health)
Quick Summary Table
| Q | Answer | Key Point |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | A - Sub-dermal implant | Norplant = 6 levonorgestrel capsules |
| 2 | A - Essential Hypertension | Rule of halves = detection-treatment-control |
| 3 | D - Total children born | Family size = fertility measure |
| 4 | D - Erythroblastosis foetalis | Rh incompatibility, not anaemia |
| 5 | D - Health education | Most important school health element |
| 6 | B - Clean perineum | NOT one of 5 cleans |
| 7 | C - Ca & Mg bicarbonates | Temporary hardness, removed by boiling |
| 8 | B - Wife in reproductive age | Ages 15-45 |
| 9 | B - International Red Cross | Henry Dunant, 1863 |
| 10 | C - Sullage | Kitchen waste water |
| 11 | A - Neonatal mortality | Death within 28 days |
| 12 | C - Mainly coordinated by doctors | PHC is multisectoral, community-based |
| 13 | C - Borstal | 16+ year reformatory institution |
| 14 | A - Methyl isocyanate (MIC) | Bhopal, Union Carbide, 1984 |
| 15 | A - WHO | IHR 2005, global outbreak response |
| 16 | B - 100 women years of exposure | Pearl Index definition |
| 17 | A - Copper T | Non-hormonal, safe in lactation |
| 18 | D - Tertiary prevention | Rehabilitation after treatment |
| 19 | D - 100 mg Fe + 0.5 mg folic acid | Anaemia Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan |
| 20 | C - 85 dB | Long-term safe noise limit |
All answers are based on Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine (PSM), the standard reference for Community Medicine in Indian medical examinations.
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