from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT
from reportlab.lib.units import cm
from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle, PageBreak, KeepTogether
from reportlab.pdfbase.pdfmetrics import stringWidth
from reportlab.pdfbase.ttfonts import TTFont
from reportlab.pdfbase import pdfmetrics
from reportlab.lib.colors import HexColor
from reportlab.pdfbase.pdfmetrics import registerFontFamily
from pathlib import Path

OUT = Path('/tmp/workspace/menstrual-cycle-mcq-pdf/output/Menstrual_Cycle_FMGE_INICET_NEETPG.pdf')

NAVY=HexColor('#17324D'); TEAL=HexColor('#007C83'); PALE=HexColor('#EAF5F4'); GOLD=HexColor('#D89B20'); GREY=HexColor('#5B6573'); LIGHT=HexColor('#F5F7FA'); RED=HexColor('#A63838')
styles=getSampleStyleSheet()
styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='CoverTitle', parent=styles['Title'], fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=27, leading=33, textColor=NAVY, alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=13))
styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='CoverSub', parent=styles['Normal'], fontName='Helvetica', fontSize=13, leading=18, textColor=GREY, alignment=TA_CENTER))
styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='H1x', parent=styles['Heading1'], fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=18, leading=23, textColor=NAVY, spaceBefore=10, spaceAfter=8))
styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='H2x', parent=styles['Heading2'], fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=12.5, leading=16, textColor=TEAL, spaceBefore=8, spaceAfter=4))
styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='Bodyx', parent=styles['BodyText'], fontName='Helvetica', fontSize=9.4, leading=13.2, spaceAfter=5))
styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='Smallx', parent=styles['BodyText'], fontName='Helvetica', fontSize=8.3, leading=11.3, textColor=GREY))
styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='Qx', parent=styles['BodyText'], fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=9.5, leading=13.2, spaceAfter=3))
styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='Optx', parent=styles['BodyText'], fontName='Helvetica', fontSize=9.1, leading=12.3, leftIndent=12, spaceAfter=2))
styles.add(ParagraphStyle(name='Ansx', parent=styles['BodyText'], fontName='Helvetica', fontSize=8.8, leading=12.5, backColor=PALE, borderColor=HexColor('#B5DCDA'), borderWidth=0.4, borderPadding=5, spaceBefore=3, spaceAfter=7))

def P(text, style='Bodyx'):
    return Paragraph(text, styles[style])

def section(title):
    return [P(title,'H1x')]

def bullet(text): return P('• '+text,'Bodyx')

def footer(canvas, doc):
    canvas.saveState(); w,h=A4
    canvas.setStrokeColor(HexColor('#D8DEE7')); canvas.line(1.6*cm,1.35*cm,w-1.6*cm,1.35*cm)
    canvas.setFont('Helvetica',7.5); canvas.setFillColor(GREY)
    canvas.drawString(1.6*cm,0.92*cm,'Menstrual Cycle | FMGE, INI-CET & NEET-PG revision')
    canvas.drawRightString(w-1.6*cm,0.92*cm,f'Page {doc.page}')
    canvas.restoreState()

doc=SimpleDocTemplate(str(OUT),pagesize=A4,rightMargin=1.5*cm,leftMargin=1.5*cm,topMargin=1.45*cm,bottomMargin=1.75*cm,title='Menstrual Cycle - FMGE INI-CET NEET-PG',author='Orris')
story=[]
# cover
story += [Spacer(1,2.4*cm), P('MENSTRUAL CYCLE','CoverTitle'), P('High-yield physiology, timelines, traps and exam-pattern MCQs','CoverSub'), Spacer(1,0.75*cm)]
cover_tbl=Table([[P('<b>For</b><br/>FMGE &nbsp;|&nbsp; INI-CET &nbsp;|&nbsp; NEET-PG','CoverSub')],[P('<b>Includes</b><br/>Rapid revision notes + 25 single-best-answer questions with explanations','CoverSub')]],colWidths=[15.5*cm])
cover_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,-1),PALE),('BOX',(0,0),(-1,-1),0.8,TEAL),('INNERGRID',(0,0),(-1,-1),0.4,HexColor('#B5DCDA')),('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),12),('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),12)]))
story += [cover_tbl, Spacer(1,1.1*cm), P('<b>Important:</b> These are original exam-pattern revision questions. They are not reproduced official past-paper questions. Use them to test the concepts repeatedly asked across entrance exams.','Smallx'), Spacer(1,0.35*cm), P('Educational material only. Verify clinical decisions against current institutional guidance.','Smallx'), PageBreak()]

story += section('1. One-page framework')
story += [P('<b>Cycle day 1</b> is the first day of full menstrual bleeding. The classic 28-day diagram is useful for exams, but normal cycle length is variable. Ovulation is generally about <b>14 days before the next period</b>, not invariably on day 14.','Bodyx')]
framework=[['Axis','Main event','High-yield association'],['Hypothalamus','Pulsatile GnRH','Continuous GnRH suppresses gonadotropins'],['Anterior pituitary','FSH and LH','FSH: granulosa; LH: theca, ovulation, luteinization'],['Ovary','Follicular phase → ovulation → luteal phase','Dominant follicle makes estradiol; corpus luteum makes progesterone'],['Endometrium','Menstrual → proliferative → secretory','Estrogen proliferates; progesterone converts to secretory endometrium']]
t=Table([[P(f'<b>{x}</b>','Bodyx') for x in framework[0]]] + [[P(x,'Bodyx') for x in r] for r in framework[1:]],colWidths=[3.3*cm,5.4*cm,8.0*cm],repeatRows=1)
t.setStyle(TableStyle([('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,0),NAVY),('TEXTCOLOR',(0,0),(-1,0),colors.white),('BACKGROUND',(0,1),(-1,-1),LIGHT),('GRID',(0,0),(-1,-1),0.35,HexColor('#CAD2DC')),('VALIGN',(0,0),(-1,-1),'TOP'),('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),6),('RIGHTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),6),('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5),('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5)]))
story += [t, P('Exam anchor: follicular-phase duration is variable; luteal phase is relatively constant at about 14 days.','Ansx')]

story += section('2. Timeline and hormones')
rows=[['Phase','Ovary','Dominant hormone / feedback','Endometrium / clinical cue'],['Early follicular','Recruitment of follicles','FSH rises after fall in estrogen and progesterone','Menses begins; low basal body temperature'],['Late follicular','Dominant follicle selected','Estradiol rises; initially negative feedback lowers FSH','Proliferative phase; thin, watery, ferning cervical mucus'],['Mid-cycle','Ovulation','Sustained high estradiol causes positive feedback → LH surge','Ovulation ~36 h after onset of LH surge; BBT rises after ovulation'],['Luteal','Corpus luteum','Progesterone predominates; negative feedback on GnRH/FSH/LH','Secretory endometrium; thick, viscid non-ferning mucus'],['Late luteal (no pregnancy)','Luteolysis','Progesterone and estradiol fall','Spiral-arteriolar vasoconstriction and shedding of functionalis']]
t=Table([[P(f'<b>{x}</b>','Smallx') for x in rows[0]]] + [[P(x,'Smallx') for x in r] for r in rows[1:]],colWidths=[2.3*cm,2.9*cm,5.9*cm,5.6*cm],repeatRows=1)
t.setStyle(TableStyle([('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,0),TEAL),('TEXTCOLOR',(0,0),(-1,0),colors.white),('GRID',(0,0),(-1,-1),0.35,HexColor('#B9D4D6')),('VALIGN',(0,0),(-1,-1),'TOP'),('ROWBACKGROUNDS',(0,1),(-1,-1),[colors.white,PALE]),('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4),('RIGHTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4),('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4),('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4)]))
story += [t]

story += section('3. Cell biology and two-cell, two-gonadotropin theory')
story += [bullet('<b>LH acts on theca interna</b> cells: cholesterol → androgens. Theca cells lack aromatase.'),bullet('<b>FSH acts on granulosa</b> cells: induces aromatase, converting theca-derived androgens to estradiol.'),bullet('Granulosa cells acquire LH receptors late in the follicular phase. LH then supports luteinization.'),bullet('Inhibin B is predominantly follicular-phase related; inhibin A is secreted mainly by the corpus luteum in the luteal phase.'),bullet('The preovulatory LH surge causes: resumption of meiosis I, follicular rupture, and luteinization.'),P('<b>Trap:</b> The oocyte released at ovulation is a <b>secondary oocyte arrested in metaphase II</b>.','Ansx')]

story += section('4. Endometrial phases: must-know morphology')
endo=[['Phase','Hormonal driver','Histology / vessels'],['Menstrual','Withdrawal of progesterone and estrogen','Breakdown and shedding of stratum functionalis; stratum basalis remains'],['Proliferative','Estrogen','Straight tubular glands, mitoses, stromal proliferation; spiral arteries lengthen'],['Secretory','Progesterone','Tortuous saw-toothed glands with secretion, stromal edema and predecidual change; coiled spiral arteries']]
t=Table([[P(f'<b>{x}</b>','Bodyx') for x in endo[0]]] + [[P(x,'Bodyx') for x in r] for r in endo[1:]],colWidths=[3*cm,5*cm,8.7*cm],repeatRows=1)
t.setStyle(TableStyle([('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,0),NAVY),('TEXTCOLOR',(0,0),(-1,0),colors.white),('GRID',(0,0),(-1,-1),0.35,HexColor('#CAD2DC')),('VALIGN',(0,0),(-1,-1),'TOP'),('ROWBACKGROUNDS',(0,1),(-1,-1),[colors.white,LIGHT]),('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5),('RIGHTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5),('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5),('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5)]))
story += [t, PageBreak()]

story += section('5. Rapid revision: high-yield facts')
for x in [
'<b>Estrogen:</b> proliferates endometrium, makes cervical mucus copious and stretchable, and produces ferning. It usually lowers basal body temperature.',
'<b>Progesterone:</b> changes proliferative endometrium to secretory, thickens cervical mucus, raises basal body temperature by about 0.3 to 0.5°C, and reduces uterine contractility.',
'<b>LH surge:</b> induced by sustained high estradiol, not by progesterone. It is followed by ovulation; a urinary LH kit detects the surge before ovulation.',
'<b>Basal body temperature:</b> confirms retrospectively that ovulation has occurred because the rise is due to progesterone.',
'<b>Corpus luteum:</b> needs LH support in a nonpregnant cycle. In pregnancy, hCG rescues it until placental steroidogenesis is established.',
'<b>Menstrual bleeding:</b> follows luteolysis and progesterone withdrawal. Prostaglandins contribute to vasoconstriction and uterine contractions.',
'<b>Fertilization:</b> most commonly occurs in the ampulla. The ovum remains fertilizable for roughly 24 hours; sperm may survive several days in favorable cervical mucus.',
'<b>Normal-cycle wording:</b> Current FIGO terminology commonly describes normal frequency as 24-38 days and bleeding duration as 8 days or less. Exam diagrams may still use a 28-day cycle.'
]: story.append(bullet(x))

story += section('6. Common exam traps')
traps=[['Statement','Correct interpretation'],['“Ovulation is on day 14.”','Only in a classic 28-day cycle. Ovulation is approximately 14 days before the next menses.'],['“FSH causes ovulation.”','LH surge triggers ovulation. FSH supports follicular growth and estradiol production.'],['“Estrogen is always negative feedback.”','Low-to-moderate levels are negative feedback; sustained high preovulatory estradiol creates positive feedback.'],['“Both endometrial layers menstruate.”','Functionalis is shed. Basalis is retained and regenerates the lining.'],['“High progesterone gives ferning.”','Ferning and spinnbarkeit are estrogen effects. Progesterone makes mucus thick and non-ferning.'],['“BBT predicts ovulation.”','The temperature rise is postovulatory, so it confirms rather than predicts ovulation.']]
t=Table([[P(f'<b>{x}</b>','Smallx') for x in traps[0]]] + [[P(x,'Smallx') for x in r] for r in traps[1:]],colWidths=[7.2*cm,9.5*cm],repeatRows=1)
t.setStyle(TableStyle([('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,0),GOLD),('TEXTCOLOR',(0,0),(-1,0),colors.white),('GRID',(0,0),(-1,-1),0.35,HexColor('#D8C58F')),('VALIGN',(0,0),(-1,-1),'TOP'),('ROWBACKGROUNDS',(0,1),(-1,-1),[colors.white,HexColor('#FFF9E9')]),('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5),('RIGHTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5),('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5),('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5)]))
story += [t, PageBreak()]

story += section('7. Exam-pattern MCQs')
questions=[
('1. In the two-cell, two-gonadotropin model, aromatization of androgens to estradiol occurs primarily in:', ['A. Theca interna under LH','B. Granulosa cells under FSH','C. Corpus luteum under FSH','D. Stromal cells under LH'], 'B', 'FSH induces aromatase in granulosa cells. LH stimulates theca interna to produce androgen substrate.'),
('2. The immediate endocrine event responsible for ovulation is:', ['A. FSH surge','B. Progesterone peak','C. LH surge','D. Fall in inhibin A'], 'C', 'The LH surge initiates follicular rupture, resumption of meiosis, and luteinization.'),
('3. Which endometrial feature most strongly suggests the secretory phase?', ['A. Straight tubular glands and mitoses','B. Saw-toothed glands with stromal edema','C. Shedding of functionalis','D. Absent spiral arteries'], 'B', 'Progesterone produces tortuous, secretory glands and stromal edema in the secretory phase.'),
('4. A rise in basal body temperature during a natural cycle is due mainly to:', ['A. Estradiol','B. FSH','C. Progesterone','D. Prolactin'], 'C', 'Progesterone is thermogenic. The rise follows ovulation and therefore confirms it retrospectively.'),
('5. Cervical mucus that is thin, copious, shows ferning and has spinnbarkeit is caused by:', ['A. Progesterone','B. Estrogen','C. Inhibin A','D. hCG'], 'B', 'Estrogen produces favorable periovulatory mucus. Progesterone makes mucus thick and non-ferning.'),
('6. The cell released from the ovary at ovulation is:', ['A. Primary oocyte arrested in prophase I','B. Secondary oocyte arrested in metaphase II','C. Ovum after completion of meiosis II','D. Oogonium'], 'B', 'The LH surge resumes meiosis I. The ovulated secondary oocyte is arrested in metaphase II until fertilization.'),
('7. In a 35-day ovulatory cycle, the most likely day of ovulation is approximately:', ['A. Day 7','B. Day 14','C. Day 21','D. Day 28'], 'C', 'The luteal phase is relatively fixed, about 14 days. Thus ovulation is approximately 14 days before the next menses.'),
('8. Sustained high estradiol in late follicular phase produces:', ['A. Negative feedback and suppression of LH','B. Positive feedback and an LH surge','C. Direct regression of corpus luteum','D. Progesterone withdrawal bleeding'], 'B', 'The feedback switches to positive at sustained high preovulatory estradiol, generating the LH surge.'),
('9. Menstrual shedding is primarily a consequence of:', ['A. FSH excess','B. Prolactin fall','C. Progesterone withdrawal after luteolysis','D. Persistently high estradiol'], 'C', 'With no pregnancy, corpus luteum regression lowers progesterone and estrogen, causing functional-layer breakdown.'),
('10. The layer of endometrium retained during menstruation is:', ['A. Stratum functionalis','B. Stratum basalis','C. Compact layer only','D. Spongy layer only'], 'B', 'The basal layer persists and regenerates the functional layer.'),
('11. The main hormonal product of the corpus luteum in the luteal phase is:', ['A. Progesterone','B. FSH','C. GnRH','D. Prolactin'], 'A', 'The corpus luteum produces substantial progesterone and also estrogen and inhibin A.'),
('12. In early follicular phase, a fall in which hormone contributes to the rise in FSH?', ['A. Progesterone','B. hCG','C. Oxytocin','D. Prolactin'], 'A', 'Regression of the prior corpus luteum lowers progesterone and estradiol, relieving negative feedback and allowing FSH to rise.'),
('13. Which pairing is correct?', ['A. FSH - theca androgen synthesis','B. LH - granulosa aromatase induction','C. FSH - granulosa estradiol synthesis','D. LH - menstrual shedding'], 'C', 'FSH acts on granulosa cells to induce aromatase and estradiol production; LH stimulates theca androgen production.'),
('14. Ovulation typically occurs closest to:', ['A. 36 hours after onset of LH surge','B. 36 hours after progesterone peak','C. 7 days after FSH surge','D. 14 days after LH surge'], 'A', 'A common tested estimate is 36-39 hours after onset of the LH surge, with variation across sources and individuals.'),
('15. The most reliable function of a charted biphasic basal body temperature is to:', ['A. Diagnose pregnancy','B. Predict ovulation before it occurs','C. Confirm ovulation after it has occurred','D. Measure ovarian reserve'], 'C', 'Progesterone-driven temperature rise occurs after ovulation.'),
('16. The phase of the endometrial cycle corresponding to ovarian follicular development is:', ['A. Secretory only','B. Menstrual and proliferative','C. Menstrual and secretory','D. Secretory and decidual'], 'B', 'The ovarian follicular phase corresponds broadly to the menstrual and proliferative endometrial phases.'),
('17. Which hormone makes cervical mucus thick and relatively impermeable to sperm?', ['A. Estradiol','B. Progesterone','C. FSH','D. LH'], 'B', 'Postovulatory progesterone produces thick, viscid, non-ferning mucus.'),
('18. The preovulatory surge also causes which meiotic event?', ['A. Arrest of primary oocyte in prophase I','B. Completion of meiosis I','C. Completion of meiosis II before ovulation','D. Formation of polar body after fertilization only'], 'B', 'The LH surge causes completion of meiosis I. Meiosis II completes only after fertilization.'),
('19. If implantation occurs, corpus luteum rescue is mainly mediated by:', ['A. hCG','B. hPL','C. Prolactin','D. Oxytocin'], 'A', 'Embryonic hCG maintains the corpus luteum in early pregnancy.'),
('20. The most common site of fertilization is the:', ['A. Infundibulum','B. Ampulla','C. Isthmus','D. Uterine cavity'], 'B', 'Fertilization most commonly occurs in the ampulla of the uterine tube.'),
('21. Inhibin A is most characteristically associated with:', ['A. Early follicular phase only','B. Corpus luteum and luteal phase','C. Hypothalamic secretion','D. Menstrual shedding'], 'B', 'Inhibin A is predominantly a luteal-phase/corpus-luteum product. Inhibin B is more related to the follicular phase.'),
('22. In a nonpregnant cycle, the fall in ovarian steroid hormones late in the luteal phase leads to:', ['A. Suppression of FSH','B. Menstrual shedding and eventual FSH recruitment rise','C. hCG secretion','D. Persistent secretory endometrium'], 'B', 'Withdrawal of progesterone and estrogen produces menses and removes pituitary negative feedback, allowing FSH to rise.'),
('23. A biopsy showing mitotically active glands with no secretions most likely represents:', ['A. Menstrual endometrium','B. Proliferative endometrium','C. Secretory endometrium','D. Decidua'], 'B', 'Estrogen-driven proliferative endometrium has mitotic activity and straight tubular glands.'),
('24. Which is the best description of normal menstrual cycle frequency in current FIGO terminology?', ['A. 14-21 days','B. 21-28 days only','C. 24-38 days','D. 40-60 days'], 'C', 'FIGO commonly defines normal frequency as 24-38 days. The 28-day cycle is a teaching model, not a universal standard.'),
('25. A patient has regular 28-day cycles. The endocrine profile most likely on day 21 is:', ['A. High progesterone from corpus luteum','B. Peak LH and follicular rupture','C. Lowest progesterone of cycle','D. Preovulatory estradiol positive feedback'], 'A', 'Day 21 in a classic 28-day cycle is mid-luteal, when progesterone secretion from the corpus luteum is high.')]
for q,opts,ans,exp in questions:
    story.append(P(q,'Qx'))
    for opt in opts: story.append(P(opt,'Optx'))
    story.append(P(f'<b>Answer: {ans}.</b> {exp}','Ansx'))

story += [PageBreak()]
story += section('8. Last-minute recall grid')
recall=[['Ask yourself','Answer'],['What triggers ovulation?','LH surge due to sustained high estradiol positive feedback.'],['What is the dominant luteal hormone?','Progesterone.'],['What makes endometrium secretory?','Progesterone.'],['What makes mucus fern and stretch?','Estrogen.'],['What raises BBT?','Progesterone after ovulation.'],['Which endometrial layer is shed?','Stratum functionalis.'],['Which layer regenerates?','Stratum basalis.'],['What is variable in a cycle?','Follicular phase.'],['What is relatively fixed?','Luteal phase, about 14 days.'],['What cell is ovulated?','Secondary oocyte, metaphase-II arrest.']]
t=Table([[P(f'<b>{x}</b>','Bodyx') for x in recall[0]]] + [[P(x,'Bodyx') for x in r] for r in recall[1:]],colWidths=[6.3*cm,10.4*cm],repeatRows=1)
t.setStyle(TableStyle([('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,0),NAVY),('TEXTCOLOR',(0,0),(-1,0),colors.white),('GRID',(0,0),(-1,-1),0.35,HexColor('#CAD2DC')),('VALIGN',(0,0),(-1,-1),'TOP'),('ROWBACKGROUNDS',(0,1),(-1,-1),[colors.white,PALE]),('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5),('RIGHTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5),('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5),('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5)]))
story += [t, Spacer(1,0.35*cm), P('<b>Source basis for revision:</b> Costanzo Physiology, 7th ed., menstrual-cycle and feedback sections; Berek & Novak’s Gynecology, menstrual-cycle physiology section; standard FIGO/ACOG menstrual-cycle terminology. Questions are author-created for study practice.','Smallx')]

doc.build(story,onFirstPage=footer,onLaterPages=footer)
print(OUT)